Digital Copies Research Articles

Rationalization strategies in Botswana press newsrooms ensuing the COVID-19 pandemic

Drawing on the organizational culture theory, this article examines managerial decision-making at Botswana’s three press newsrooms, Botswana Daily News, Gazette and Mmegi newspapers, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Data collected through in-depth interviews with the journalists in Botswana identified three significant decisions made by management at the newsrooms: increasing the adoption and use of media technology, altering news production work processes and restructuring press newsrooms. WhatsApp was introduced as one of the leading social media platforms for distributing digital copies of newspapers. The findings demonstrated that lockdowns and the need to avoid physical contact established to reduce virus spread incited these decisions. Our data analysis underscored that not only has the COVID-19 pandemic interrupted the operating environments of newsrooms, but it has also pressured media managers to introduce innovative, progressive strategies to adapt to the new normal. Therefore, a public health crisis can influence organizational culture change in media organizations.

Adaptation and validation of a quantitative vanA/vanB DNA screening assay on a high-throughput PCR system

Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) are a leading cause of ICU-acquired bloodstream infections in Europe. The bacterial load in enteral colonization may be associated with a higher probability of transmission. Here, we aimed to establish a quantitative vanA/vanB DNA real-time PCR assay on a high-throughput system. Limits of detection (LOD), linear range and precision were determined using serial bacterial dilutions. LOD was 46.9 digital copies (dcp)/ml for vanA and 60.8 dcp/ml for vanB. The assay showed excellent linearity between 4.7 × 101 and 3.5 × 105 dcp/ml (vanA) and 6.7 × 102 and 6.7 × 105 dcp/ml (vanB). Sensitivity was 100% for vanA and vanB, with high positive predictive value (PPV) for vanA (100%), but lower PPV for vanB (34.6%) likely due to the presence of vanB DNA positive anerobic bacteria in rectal swabs. Using the assay on enriched VRE broth vanB PPV increased to 87.2%. Quantification revealed median 2.0 × 104 dcp/ml in PCR positive but VRE culture negative samples and median 9.1 × 104 dcp/ml in VRE culture positive patients (maximum: 107 dcp/ml). The automated vanA/B_UTC assay can be used for vanA/vanB detection and quantification in different diagnostic settings and may support future clinical studies assessing the impact of bacterial load on risk of infection and transmission.

Analytical and clinical validation of a multiplex PCR assay for detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis including simultaneous LGV serotyping on an automated high-throughput PCR system.

For effective infection control measures for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), a reliable tool for screening and diagnosis is essential. Here, we aimed to establish and validate a multiplex PCR assay on an automated system using a dual-target approach for the detection of CT/NG and differentiation between lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) and non-LGV from genital and extra-genital specimens. Published primer/probe sets (CT: pmpH, cryptic plasmid; NG: porA, opa) were modified for the cobas 5800/6800/8800. Standards quantified by digital PCR were used to determine linearity and lower limit of detection (LLoD; eSwab, urine). For clinical validation, prospective samples (n = 319) were compared with a CE-marked in vitro diagnostics (CE-IVD) assay. LLoDs ranged from 21.8 to 244 digital copies (dcp)/mL and 10.8 to 277 dcp/mL in swab and urine, respectively. A simple linear regression analysis yielded slopes ranging from -4.338 to -2.834 and Pearson correlation coefficients from 0.956 to 0.994. Inter- and intra-run variability was <0.5 and <1 cycle threshold (ct), respectively. No cross-reactivity was observed (n = 42). Clinical validation showed a sensitivity of 94.74% (95% confidence interval (CI): 87.23%-97.93%) and 95.51% (95% CI: 89.01%-98.24%), a specificity of 99.59% (95% CI: 97.71%-99.98%) and 99.57% (95% CI: 97.58%-99.98%), positive predictive values of 89.91% (estimated prevalence: 3.7%; 95% CI: 80.91%-95.6%) and 88.61% (estimated prevalence: 3.4%; 95% CI: 80.18%-94.34%), and negative predictive values of 99.81% (95% CI: 98.14%-100%) and 99.85% (95% CI: 98.14%-100%) for the detection of CT and NG, respectively. In conclusion, we established a dual-target, internally controlled PCR on an automated system for the detectiwon of CT/NG from genital and extra-genital specimens. Depending on local regulations, the assay can be used as a screening or a confirmatory/typing assay.IMPORTANCEChlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) represent a major global health burden, with the World Health Organization estimating that >128 million and >82 million people, respectively, were newly infected in 2020. For effective infection control measures, a reliable tool for sensitive diagnosis and screening of CT/NG is essential. We established a multiplex PCR assay for the detection of CT/NG and simultaneous discrimination between lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) and non-LGV strains, which has been validated for genital and extra-genital specimens on a fully automated system. To increase assay sensitivity, a dual-target approach has been chosen for both pathogens. This strategy reduces false-positive results in oropharyngeal swabs due to the detection of commensal N. species that may harbor NG DNA fragments targeted in the PCR due to horizontal gene transmission following previous infection. In sum, the established assay provides a powerful tool for use as either a screening/diagnostic or a typing/confirmatory assay.

A Comparison of Smartphone-assisted and Computer Software Assisted Tracing with the Conventional Manual Method

Introduction In view of the increased use of computers and mobile technologies in orthodontics, there is a need for evaluating the accuracy of commercially available cephalometric software. Aim This study compares the accuracies of computer-assisted tracing, smartphone tracing with the manual method of tracing in the pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of the orthodontic patients. Materials and Methods A total of 100 cephalograms, both digital and hard copies, were collected from the records available in the department archives. Hard and soft copies were used for obtaining values of 17 parameters for comparison between different groups. i.e (Manual, NemoCeph®, AutoCeph®, CephNinja®, OneCeph®) Results No statistical significance between groups for SNA, SNB, ANB, FMA, SN-GoGn, U1-NA Angular,linear, L1-NB Angular, linear, IMPA and interincisal angle (p=0.798, 0.583, 0.895, 0.059, 0.140, 0.680, 0.161, 0.327, 0.906, 0.940, 0.789). A significant difference was seen for parameters Eff-Mx,Mn lengths and differential, L1-Occlusal plane, WITS, NLA.(p=0.000, 0.004, 0.018, 0.004, 0.025). Suggesting the possibility of use of software for tracing instead of manual method. Conclusions All the software (NemoCeph®, AutoCeph®, CephNinja®, OneCeph®)as well as applications performed satisfactorily and these can be used instead of manual tracing.

Applications of digital twins in medicine and the ontological model of medical digital twins

The article demonstrates the applications, essence and possibilities of digital twin technology and explains the advantages of digital twin technology and potential challenges. A digital twin is a digital copy that can be used to simulate the status of a physical object or system. The integration of digital twin technologies with the Internet of things, Big Data and Artificial intelligence offers innovative solutions for quicker detection of arisen problems (or problems to arise) related to changes in a real physical object and for making relevant decisions. The development of such solutions in the healthcare is crucial for preserving human health and providing people with higher-quality medical care. It is possible to get an early diagnosis of the disease and the selection of a more effective treatment method on the produced digital twin by transferring the patient’s physical characteristics and changes in his/her body to the digital environment. The article analyzes medical digital twins, categorizing their benefits into patient health, cost reduction, self-management, and other benefits. In order to ensure adaptability and effectiveness in disease therapy and healthcare management decision-making, the patientoriented ontology of healthcare is examined, and a four-level ontological model is suggested to create its digital twin. The creation of a patient-oriented digital twin of healthcare requires the creation of a digital twin of existing physical objects at each level of its ontological model. The creation of digital twin in healthcare opens wide opportunities for making decisions on provision of safe and high-quality medical care to patients.

Website-based Gray Literature Collection Management Darmajaya Repository

Background: College libraries not only provide printed collections such as books for lecture materials, but some of them provide collections not published to the public, usually called Gray Literature. The Gray Literature Collection is one of the main factors to consider when assessing a university library. The Gray Literature Collection contains various research results that the library/user needs. The Repository is an archival storage place designed to collect, preserve, and disseminate digital copies, especially the Darmajaya Repository Gray Literature Collection..&#x0D; Purpose: This research aims to describe how the Repository is managed at the IIB Darmajaya Library and the obstacles librarians face during the management stage.&#x0D; Design and methods: This research uses a qualitative descriptive method using case study research. Data collection uses observation and interviews. Data analysis in this research includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion, while a triangulation approach is used to measure validity.&#x0D; Results: Based on the findings of this research, Repository management at the IIB Darmajaya Library is carried out by determining management policies, preparing hardware and software, Human Resources, and procedures for receiving collections. The final stage is uploading files into the Darmajaya Repository system. Problems are faced in managing the Darmajaya Repository because it is still in the development process, so there are still areas for improvement in management, implementation, and presentation.

Analysis of the Possibility of Making a Digital Twin for Devices Operating in Foundries

This work aims to conduct an analysis to find opportunities for the implementation of software incorporating the concept of digital twins for foundry work. Examples of implementations and their impact on the work of enterprises are presented, as is a definition and history of the concept of a digital twin. The outcome of this work is the implementation of software that involves a digital copy of the author’s device, created by the “Łukasiewicz” Research Network at the Krakow Institute of Technology. The research problem of this scientific work is to reduce the number of necessary physical tests on real objects in order to find a solution that saves time and energy when testing the thermal expansion of known and new metal alloys. This will be achieved by predicting the behavior of the sample in a digital environment and avoiding causing it to break in reality. Until now, after an interruption, the device often continued to operate and collect data even though no current was flowing through the material, which could be described as inefficient testing. The expected result will be based on the information and decisions obtained by predicting values with the help of a recurrent neural network. Ultimately, it is intended to predict the condition of the sample after a set period of time. Thanks to this, a decision will be made, based on which the twin will know whether it should automatically end its work, disconnect the power or call the operator for the necessary interaction with the device. The described software will help the operator of a real machine, for example, to operate a larger number of workstations at the same time, without devoting all their attention to a process that may last even for hours. Additionally, it will be possible to start work on selecting the chemical composition of the next material sample and plan its testing in advance. The machine learning handles model learning and value prediction with the help of artificial neural networks that were created in Python. The application uses historical test data, additionally retrieves current information, presents it to the user in a clear modern form and runs the provided scripts. Based on these, it decides on the further operation of the actual device.

АРХИВНЫЕ ИСТОЧНИКИ В ЛИТЕРАТУРОВЕДЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ: ОТ ФАКТА К ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ

The article offers a view on a modern researcher’s work in archives in terms of choosing a topic for study, the availability of archival sources and their digital copies, ways of working with them, searching for relevant topics for presenting research in publications, including publicly available publications in order to popularize the documentary heritage of Russia. The relevance of the appeal of philological researchers to archival documents for the reconstruction of historical, literary and social media processes is substantiated, the restoration of individual stories of culturally significant persons on the basis of ego-documents and published materials, as well as for expert evaluation of sources prepared for being included in the register of particularly valuable funds of individual archives (such as The State Archive of Novgorod region).

Grade of the law of distribution of the vector of the digital twin of the enterprise

Digital transformation acts as a main factor in the development and competitiveness of Japanese companies. In this context, the digital copy management algorithm based on the P2M (Project to Method) method plays a significant role in increasing efficiency and reducing costs through the implementation of digital technologies. This research aims to develop and implement an algorithm for managing a digital copy of a project using the P2M method using the Kolmogorov test to evaluate the effectiveness of various processes and determine the best ways to improve productivity.

New advanced monitoring systems of Bridges with Actionable Real Time Sensor Data

The reliability of structures and the preservation of the built environment are issues with a decisive role in the field of civil engineering as well as in the public eye. The existing heritage surrounding human beings is varied and fragile because of its inherent characteristics and the environment in which it is inscribed. These elements are found and emphasized when dealing with special facilities, by constitution and by public utility. This case study analyzes innovative approaches and IoT tools for defining an operational procedure for the proper Life-Cycle management of infrastructure works through a Digital Twin approach. This methodology provides key elements for the proper planning of structural rehabilitation and reinforcement strategies and techniques with innovative interventions and methods, starting with a careful investigation/monitoring campaign to assess its safety condition. This monitoring activity involves the assessment of the real robustness and safety of large structures by acquiring the general principles of signal analysis and the traditional technologies currently available for diagnostics and monitoring (accelerometers, inclinometers, deformometers, strain gauges, etc.). The case study under consideration monitoring activities go through a static type of monitoring that involves the acquisition of absolute and relative displacements, and through a dynamic structural monitoring that is based on the analysis of natural and traffic- induced vibrations using triaxial accelerometer transducers. The latter case of structural monitoring makes it possible to derive the dynamic properties of the structure and ensure the reliability of the finite element model; in addition, the variation in dynamic characteristics over time is an indicator of ongoing degradation in the structure due to damage phenomena. By means of a dense network of sensors (IoT devices) operating completely wirelessly that are able to communicate in real time through a LoRaWAN telecommunication technology, it is possible to create a digital, living and interactive copy in constant update of the physical object. In addition, the system includes implementation of a Real Time notification system called "recognized call," which consists of automatically making a phone call, to numbers specified by the managing body of the work, whose content includes indication of the location, type of alarm threshold, actions to be taken. The objective of this study is to investigate the possibility of using Digital Twin-based systems associated with structural health monitoring of infrastructure works through real-time data analysis.

Ռումինիայի հայ մամուլի արժևորման հարցի շուրջ

In this article we touched upon the Armenian community of Romania, the Armenian press, as well as the Armenian press of Romania. Under the dictates of historical and political circumstances, Armenians also settled in Romania. They have created their respective community structures, published the Armenian press, etc. This press touches upon various issues: community life, Homeland-Diaspora relations, etc. The coverage of the problems of the Armenian press in general is of great relevance. The Armenian press of Romania is also developing activities in the Armenian community to preserve the Armenian identity, especially among the younger generation, contributes to the preservation of the Armenian language, traditions and customs. The “Armenian Press” database on the website of the National Library of Armenia contains bibliographic data of the Armenian periodicals of Romania in serial numbers. There is a link “read online” where digital copies of periodicals are available.

Рецензия на книгу «“К Вам с письмом советский читатель...”: письма читателей М.А. Шолохову: 1956–1984» (отв. ред. Н.В. Корниенко. М.: ИМЛИ РАН, 2022. 1120 с.)

The second volume of the peer-reviewed edition completes the project of publishing readers’ letters to Mikhail Sholokhov. The texts prepared by the compilers represent one of the largest collections of readers’ correspondence to the writer (1,162 letters). Most of the letters are in the personal archive of Sholokhov’s family. The phenomenon of fan mail developed in Russia in the early 1870s. It became particularly widespread in the Soviet period due to a number of cultural initiatives in the early years of Soviet power. Letters to Sholokhov appear not so much as signs of his reputation, but as material for the study of the Soviet reader and his era. This is especially evident in the letters included in the second volume: they were written from 1956 until the end of the writer’s life. At this time, people wrote to Sholokhov not only the writer, but also the deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Materials from different years clarify the general cultural, political and literary context of these letters. The compilers distinguished groups of letters to Sholokhov by subject matter: letters from readers of the USSR, foreign readers, and representatives of emigration; letters from novice writers; letters to Sholokhov as a public figure; letters from participants in World War II; letters from prisoners; and requests for material assistance. The main topics include requests to send books, autographs, photographs, to tell about the fate of heroes (primarily Grigory Melekhov); appeals for help in solving private and public problems; complaints about the lack of books in libraries, bookstores and at private sellers. Chronologically and compositionally, the letters caused by Sholokhov’s speech at the 20th Congress of the CPSU on the problems of literary creativity and the work of the Writers’ Union are singled out. The awarding of the Nobel Prize to Sholokhov in 1965 caused a reaction of readers. Letters with negative reviews either did not survive in the archives or were not included in the edition. In general, the letters to Sholokhov appear as a subject of general interest of the humanities in collecting, preserving, and publishing documents that reflect the perception of contemporaries of an event or phenomenon. They could become the material for history of reading in Russia. For this purpose, at the first stage, it is necessary to create digital copies of the letters, do their markup and statistical processing according to the main parameters: the letter’s author, date, address, and topic. The next stage could be the correlation of the results obtained with data on letters to other writers. A thematic index could be the first step in this direction and, at the same time, a help in using the existing edition. The author declares no conflicts of interests.

Բեյրութի «Ազդակ» օրաթերթը՝ հայապահպանության կենտրոն

We briefly touched upon the Armenian-Arab relations, the Armenian community of Lebanon, the Lebanese Armenian press, in particular the daily newspaper “Azdak.” Armenians settled in Lebanon under the dictates of historical and political circumstances. They created their respective community structures, printed the Armenian press and so on. The periodical “Azdak” covers various topics. The Armenian Press database is also available on the website of the National Library of Armenia, which also contains bibliographic data of Armenian periodicals published in Lebanon. There is a link “read online” where digital copies of periodicals are available.

Историография изучения булгаро-татарских эпиграфических памятников в Заказанье и современные методы исследования

The purpose of the study is to trace the historiography of the study of the Bulgarian-Tatar epigraphic monuments in the vast Zakazanye region of the Republic of Tatarstan, as well as to show the possibilities of modern research methods in this matter. Research materials: Bulgarian-Tatar epigraphic monuments (tombstones) of the 13th–17th centuries. The work also involves extensive data from the historiography of the study of Bulgarian-Tatar epigraphic monuments and the results of modern methods of studying epigraphic monuments. Results and novelty of the research: In chronological order, a review of the history of the study of the Bulgarian-Tatar epigraphic monuments in the Zakazanye region from the first researchers’ arrival to the ongoing research that is being carried out presently. The data on the specific personalities of researchers and quantitative data of the studied epigraphic monuments by the areas of the Zakazanye region are provided. The modern methods of studying the epigraphic monuments of the Bulgar-Tatar period, including 3D scanning, photogrammetry, and high-precision photofixation with the placement of digital copies of monuments on a web resource, are shown. Within the framework of this study, surveys of epigraphic monuments were conducted for the first time at the modern methodological and technical level. Thanks to the results of high-precision photogrammetric photography and 3D modeling, it was possible to obtain digital copies of objects which makes it possible to determine changes in shapes, as well as to restore the shape of lost objects from archival data.

The use of artificial intelligence technology in Chinese show business

: The object of the study is artificial intelligence technology in Chinese show business. The subject of the study is the following technologies of Chinese show business, at the basis of which we can find an artificial intelligence: virtual idols, digital avatars, virtual influencers. The following aspects of these technologies are considered in detail: making a profit, strengthening national identity. Special attention is focused on the fact that the development of artificial intelligence technology is part of the state policy of the People's Republic of China, which is reflected in the country's regulatory legal acts. The theoretical basis of the study is the work of the following authors: A.M. Gridnev, G. A. Ioakimidi, M. D. Pysin, K. F. Lee, H. Khan and others. The following methods are used in the article: analysis of special literature, publications of mass media, normative legal acts, synthesis, deduction. The study showed that virtual idols and influencers such as "Xiangwan Big Devil", digital copies of celebrities (B. Sa, S. Zhu, B. Gao, Ya. Long) and presenter Xiao Xi bring additional profits and attract an audience, as well as strengthen the national image and unity of China. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the detailed systematization of information and cultural analysis of the phenomenon of "virtual influencer", which is gaining popularity in the modern digital world. The results of the study provide valuable data for the development and implementation of artificial intelligence strategies in China, especially in such areas as industry, defense, social sphere and show business. These findings contribute to the formation of standards and ethical principles for artificial intelligence, which is critically important for the successful digital transformation of the country. The study highlights China's strategic goals of using AI as a driver of modernization of the national economy by 2030. The document identifies key stages of development and goals, including the development of standards and the widespread introduction of AI in various sectors. China views AI as an important tool to strengthen its position on the world stage, striving to become a leader in high technology, which will undoubtedly have a significant impact on the global economy and the development of technological innovations.

Grandma Ruth’s UP Truck Stop

Is a digital copy of a loved as socially valuable as the real person? Is there an advantage if being able to permanently lose the ones we love? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, Rachel receives a letter while at University informing her that her Uncle Stewart has passed away. She returns to the small town for the funeral and talks with Grandma Ruth, the local restaurant owner. Grandma Ruth sets Rachel up a date, but things don’t go quite as planned. Rachel confronts Grandma Ruth and finds out that she has slowly been replacing the town citizens with robot copies in order to keeping the dying town’s population from dwindling to zero. The story ends with Grandma Ruth asking Rachel to take over the responsibility of maintaining her families, and the towns, robot population.

Alı Şır Nevaı’nın “Hazayınü’l-ma’anı” dıvanı şırlerının umumı alfabettık dızımlı el yazmaları hususunda

The content of Ali Şir Nevai's Khazā'in al-ma'ānī, as written in its preface, consists of Badāyi' al-bidaya' and Nawādir al-nihaya' divans and poems. After Ali Şir Nevai passed away in 1501, it was aimed to collect the lyrical legacy of the poet as a whole composition in a book in his memory. The general alphabetical syntax of the poems in the Khazā'in al-ma'ānī divans is inscribed in miniature. It will be beneficial for the poet's lyrical heritage to be used in the preparation of his next scientific publications. It is clear that Khazā'in al-ma'ānī is one of the rare sources that conveys Ali Şir Nevai's poems as a whole composition to future generations. The result of our research is the digital copy of the cover of the aforementioned divan and 22 pages, created in miniature, which were sourced from the site of the Windsor Castle Library, where the manuscript was found. One of the manuscripts used for this article is the Khazā'in al-ma'ānī poems, which is estimated to be the oldest copy in a complete alphabet system. The British Royal Collection catalogue, which contains the promotional information of the work, has been obtained. The manuscript comprises twelve miniatures, four of which were seriously damaged. The miniatures, which were handwritten in the 16th century, were repainted in 1605 in India (Mughal court). Another copy of the poems Khazā'in al-ma'ānī from the 16th century, copied in the complete alphabet system, is preserved in the collection of the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences Institute of Oriental Studies named Abu Reyhan Biruni (H.S. 7580). One of the important aspects of this writing is that the author's poems are cited according to meaning groups. This means that the theme of love sung in the poet's ghazals can be understood in the sense of both divine and human love.

Актуальные методические подходы к разработке онлайн-курсов по искусствоведению

In an article on the topic of art history discipline, the forms and directions of including digital tools in the educational process. For the art historical disciplinary, the emphasis is on working with visual and verbal texts, focusing on the development of skills, analysis of various sources, professional writing and mastery of rhetoric, professional reading skills, critical assessment of sources, understanding the context of the creation of both one’s own art and their critical accompaniment. This needs to be considered when incorporating online learning elements into higher education courses using digital platforms. The introduction of slot machine forms and the importance of communication with the original source, skills in understanding the visual artifact, combined with the use of digital copies and working with originals. The use of digital tools to create exercises may include elements of gamification, but should be didactically justified, and their development should not contain restrictions. Also, students and teachers of humanities often require additional training courses on working with software, technical support and supervisor support. This also applies to the use of digital information tools, which are gradually shaping the individualization of learning (platforms, social networks, chat bots). The 20th Century Fashion: Art and Industry course examines the prospects and features of reverse instructional design in online continuing education courses.

Cephalometric characteristics of class II div 1 patients visiting tertiary care hospital in Southeastern Nepal

Introduction: Class II malocclusion can result from aberrant maxillary or mandibular dentoskeletal components with or without the involvement of soft tissue component. Identifiation of the cause in class II div 1 malocclusion with the help of lateral cephalograms is crucial in diagnosis and treatment planning. Materials and Methods: Digital copies of lateral cephalograms of Class II div 1 patients visiting the Orthodontic department at Nobel Medical College were obtained. Web-based digital tracing, Webceph Plus version 1.5.0, was used for Steiner’s and McNamara’s analyses. The cephalometric values were compared with the established values of the Caucasians and the Nepalese norms wherever applicable. The comparison was done using an independent t-test with a level of signifiance set at 5%. Result: As compared to Caucasians and Nepalese normal, Class II div 1 patients in our study had significantly increased ANB angle (6.4±2.1°, p&lt;0.001) and proclined upper (UI-NA=28.7±7.3°, p&lt; 0.001) and lower incisors (LI-NB=29.6±6.9° p&lt;0.001). The Class II patients revealed decreased maxillary and mandibular effective lengths and maxilla-mandibular differences that were statistically signifiant, (p&lt;0.001). The effective maxillary and mandibular lengths as well as the maxilla-mandibular difference were signifiantly greater in males than in females (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The study showed that class II div 1 patients had a combination of maxillary prognathism and mandibular retrognathism along with proclined maxillary and mandibular incisors. The effective lengths of the maxilla and mandible were greater in males as compared to females.

Challenges Faced During Implementation of Digital Twin in Construction Project Monitoring

Digital Twins (DTs) are gaining popularity because they provide precise digital copies of assets, processes, and systems. This is especially true when these DTs are paired with real-time simulation models that make use of modern technologies like machine learning, artificial intelligence, and data analytics. These combinations can provide a comprehensive and dynamic view of the monitored systems. Digital twin (DT) has shown tremendous potential to bring about revolutionary improvements in the field of construction site surveillance. There is, however, a notable paucity of empirical research identifying the constant elements affecting DT adoption in this industry. This research tries to fill that void by identifying the important elements that determine the usage of DT in construction. The study adopts a complete framework with the goal of increasing the use of DT in building site monitoring. The elements influencing the adoption and effectiveness of distributed ledger technology (DT) are divided into three categories: technological, organizational, and economic. Technological factors include the system's appropriateness and the robustness of the data infrastructure. Organizational considerations include the company's openness to innovation and leadership support. Economic aspects include things like return on investment (ROI) and cost-effectiveness. The research technique combines case studies and literature reviews to examine the benefits and drawbacks of DT in construction monitoring. This study's expected output is a comprehensive framework that aids construction businesses in optimizing the use of DT in site monitoring. This would allow for more efficient, data-driven, and forward-thinking processes. The study's ultimate purpose is to provide critical knowledge that will assist the building sector in adopting cutting-edge methods. The industry may better plan for the integration of this sophisticated technology into their operations by knowing the potential of DT and the variables driving its adoption. This, in turn, can lead to more efficiency, lower risks, and improved overall performance