Digital Converter Research Articles

Multi-Channel Nonlinearity Mitigation Using Machine Learning Algorithms

This paper investigates multi-channel machine learning (ML) techniques in the presence of receiver nonlinearities and noise, and compares the results with the single-channel receiver architecture. It is known that the multi-channel architecture relaxes the sampling speed requirement of analog to digital conversion and provides significant robustness to clock jitter and front-end noise due to the bandwidth-splitting property inherent in these receivers. However, when a high-voltage swing signal is used in a wireline communication link, the received signal suffers from third-order harmonic distortions and inter-modulation products caused by the nonlinearity profile of the analog front-end (AFE). To this end, this paper proposes the channel decision passing (CDP) algorithm in combination with nonlinear feedback cancellation as a low-complexity candidate for nonlinearity mitigation and compares the performance of this solution with other well-known ML algorithms. Simulation results show significant improvement in a multi-channel receiver architecture equipped with nonlinear feedback cancellation and CDP in comparison with its single-channel counterpart under practical nonlinearity profiles and noise conditions.

IJCM_268A: Navigating Transformative Pathways for SDGs through Innovation, Integration, and Implementation-A review of literature

Background: This literature review examines some key articles addressing the theme “Transformations for achieving SDGs: Innovate, Integrate, Implement.” The articles provide insights into the concerns, strategies, and evaluation processes related to sustainable development goals (SDGs) with a focusing on India. Objective: The primary objectives of this literature review are to analyze the approaches highlighted in the selected articles and to identify common themes and deviations in the strategies proposed for achieving SDGs. Methodology: A systematic review of the selected 11 articles was conducted to fetch relevant information regarding innovations, integration approaches, and implementation strategies for achieving SDGs. Every article was scrutinized for key themes, methodologies, and their findings. The analysis considered multiple perspectives presented in the literature, including case studies, literature reviews, and working papers. Results: The literature review showed a multifaceted understanding of the challenges and opportunities associated with achieving SDGs. Ahmad Mohd Khalid, Seema Sharma & Amlendu Kumar Dubey (2020) emphasized the specific concerns of developing countries, providing a case study for India. Srivastava (2018) advocated for standardized evaluation processes, highlighting a case study focused on India’s progress. Rosário and Dias (2022) explored the impact of digital transition on sustainability through a detailed literature review. Additionally, insights from the Journal of Sustainability Science and Management and the working paper by Bajpai and Biberman (2020) discussed the integration of SDGs in the ICT sector. Conclusion: The findings suggests a variety in the pursuit of SDGs, with a diverse range of strategies and considerations. Innovations, integration efforts, and implementation methodologies vary across contexts and different sectors. The challenges discussed underscore the need for specific approaches, stressing the importance of standardized evaluation processes. Overall, the literature highlights the complexity of achieving SDGs, necessitating a comprehensive and adaptive framework that integrates innovative solutions, interdisciplinary collaboration, and effective implementation strategies.

An Enhanced Strong ARM Comparator Circuit for Analog to Digital Converter Architectures

Abstract: Technological innovations in the current century period have motivated professionals to make electronic gadgets smarter. These advancements are progressing at a brisk pace, facilitating faster changes and increase in computing power. Various technologies such as virtual reality, augmented reality, mobile internet, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, biometric devices, 3D printing machines, genomics, quantum computing, block-chain, industrial automation and robotics. In all these technologies, communications with nearby devices play a major role in its effective functioning. The demand for realizing a smart and better usage experience puts forth strict requirements on the design aspects of next-generation high speed low power CMOS receiver design. One of the major modules in the implementation of high speed low power CMOS receiver device is the analog to digital converter (ADC) architecture. In the process of conversion from analog to digital signals, Quantization and sampling operations are vital and are realized using comparator circuits. The comparator design has a significant role in the design of data converter architecture. Several comparator architectures exist, but StrongARM topology is discussed and implemented in this work due to its negligible static power dissipation and rail to rail output voltages. The proposed novel comparator architecture is designed and simulated in 180nm CMOS process using Cadence Virtuoso tool and operated at supply voltage of VDD=1.8V, a clock frequency of 50MHz

FOSTERING DEVELOPMENT AND COMMUNITY RESILIENCE: THE ROLE OF FOLK MEDIA AND LITERATURE IN THE DIGITAL AGE

Folk media and literature have immense potential to contribute to the development process in the current world, especially in preserving cultural values, education, and the power of people. This paper aims to expand and discuss the traditional forms of media and their relevance within the culture and modern society and their relevance in the contemporary world especially within the digital realm. Thus, as part of this research, the results of a literature review, surveys, interviews, and case studies are used to evaluate how these traditional forms of expression have become part of digital media for the enhancement of socio-economic development. The study used a survey of 200 respondents from different areas of Andhra Pradesh State in India plus interviews with various stakeholders from Srikakulam, Vizianagaram, Parvathipuram Manyam, Visakhapatnam, Alluri Sitaram Raju, and Anakapalli districts. The findings highlight the dual benefits of digital transformation: expanding the accessibility of folk media and literature, as well as promoting cultural continuity and emergency capacity in related communities. The research findings from the case studies of Andhra Pradesh concerning digital storytelling, online archiving, and social networking site trailblazers indicate the effective strategies of share-simple and community engagement on one side and cultural heritage on the other side. The findings of the study show that adversaries of folk media not only expand their audience but also facilitate cultural participation by the communities. This research therefore emphasizes the need for collective responsibility to ensure that all cultures are preserved and facilitated through the digital transition to avoid a technological divide.

Digital education community TV existence in post analog switch off

Background: Based on Law (UU) Number 11 of 2020 regarding Cipta Kerja or the Omnibus Law, broadcasting institutions should switch from terrestrial or analog broadcasts to digital broadcasting via Analog Switch Off (ASO), which provides opportunities for community TV to develop. UGTV is Indonesia’s first digital education community TV to broadcast cultural and education-based programs. Purpose: To analyze the existence of UGTV as the first digital education community TV in Indonesia. Methods: Researchers distributed questionnaires to 144 respondents in Depok and 115 in Bekasi to determine the most popular programs. Researchers then conducted interviews with UGTV staff and leaders and compared the quality of UGTV programs based on KPI standards. Results: Based on the research results, UGTV as Indonesia’s first digital educational community television has met all KPI standards by offering some programs such as Team Teaching and Info Kampus. The types of broadcast programs in the form of tourism and cultural programs are still in demand and influence the audience’s viewing interest. Based on qualitative analysis as a follow-up analysis, the public response in these three areas is currently low because people have many new media choices that can be accessed easily at lower costs. Conclusion: The public feels that television lacks “interesting” shows so the existence of UGTV and other community channels can become a choice for the audience. Implications: KPI and KPID must actively monitor and develop broadcast content by collaborating with community broadcasting institutions so that broadcast production can be more varied.

Patient perceptions of disease burden and treatment of myasthenia gravis based on sentiment analysis of digital conversations

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare, autoimmune, antibody-mediated, neuromuscular disease. This study analyzed digital conversations about MG to explore unprovoked perspectives. Advanced search, data extraction, and artificial intelligence-powered algorithms were used to harvest, mine, and structure public domain digital conversations about MG from US Internet Protocol addresses (August 2021 to August 2022). Thematic analyses examined topics, mindsets, and sentiments/key drivers via natural language processing and text analytics. Findings were described by sex/gender and treatment experience with steroids or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). The 13,234 conversations were extracted from message boards (51%), social media networks (22%), topical sites (21%), and blogs (6%). Sex/gender was confirmed as female in 5703 and male in 2781 conversations, and treatment experience was with steroids in 3255 and IVIg in 2106 conversations. Topics focused on diagnosis (29%), living with MG (28%), symptoms (24%), and treatment (19%). Within 3176 conversations about symptoms, eye problems (21%), facial muscle problems (18%), and fatigue (18%) were most commonly described. Negative sentiments about MG were expressed in 59% of conversations, with only 2% considered positive. Negative conversations were dominated by themes of impact on life (29%), misdiagnosis problems (27%), treatment issues (24%), and symptom severity (20%). Impact on life was a key driver of negativity in conversations by both men (27%) and women (34%), and treatment issues was a dominant theme in conversations by steroid-treated (29%) and IVIg-treated (31%) patients. Of 1382 conversations discussing treatment barriers, 36% focused on side effects, 33% on lack of efficacy, 21% on misdiagnosis, and 10% on cost/insurance. Side effects formed the main barrier in conversations by both steroid-treated and IVIg-treated patients. Capturing the patient voice via digital conversations reveals a high degree of concern related to burden of disease, misdiagnosis, and common MG treatments among those with MG, pointing to a need for treatment options that can improve quality of life.

Digital transformation in supply chains: Assessing the spillover effects on midstream firm innovation

Amidst rapidly evolving market conditions, relying solely on internal information and knowledge for innovation has proven inadequate. The emergence of the digital economy injected renewed vitality into enterprise innovation. However, existing studies have predominantly concentrated on the digital transformation intrinsic to enterprises, neglecting the impact of partners' digital transition on enterprises’ innovation performance. From the perspective of supply chain spillovers, this study evaluates the influence of digital transitions in upstream and downstream enterprises on the innovation activities of midstream enterprises. The results show that the digital transformation of enterprises within the supply chain exhibits a transmission effect, and the digital transformation of upstream and downstream enterprises significantly promotes the innovation performance of midstream enterprises. The mechanistic analysis revealed that the digital transformation of upstream and downstream enterprises mainly enhances the resilience of the supply chain by improving its efficiency, optimizing the match between supply and demand, and stabilizing the relationship between supply and demand, thus promoting the innovation level of midstream enterprises. Further analysis shows that improvements in the innovation output of midstream enterprises are reflected in the quality of innovation. When the upstream and downstream firms belong to the same industry, the supply chain spillover effect of digital transformation is more evident, and simultaneously, the digital collaboration of the supply chain can promote the innovation of midstream enterprises.

Deep learning-based recognition system for pashto handwritten text: benchmark on PHTI.

This article introduces a recognition system for handwritten text in the Pashto language, representing the first attempt to establish a baseline system using the Pashto Handwritten Text Imagebase (PHTI) dataset. Initially, the PHTI dataset underwent pre-processed to eliminate unwanted characters, subsequently, the dataset was divided into training 70%, validation 15%, and test sets 15%. The proposed recognition system is based on multi-dimensional long short-term memory (MD-LSTM) networks. A comprehensive empirical analysis was conducted to determine the optimal parameters for the proposed MD-LSTM architecture; Counter experiments were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed system comparing with the state-of-the-art models on the PHTI dataset. The novelty of our proposed model, compared to other state of the art models, lies in its hidden layer size (i.e., 10, 20, 80) and its Tanh layer size (i.e., 20, 40). The system achieves a Character Error Rate (CER) of 20.77% as a baseline on the test set. The top 20 confusions are reported to check the performance and limitations of the proposed model. The results highlight complications and future perspective of the Pashto language towards the digital transition.

Scammer Strategies and Social Actions in Online Filipino Transactions

As technology has developed newer and faster forms of communication, the internet has also become a convenient medium for scammers to interact with their targets. Since deception is understudied from a linguistic perspective, this paper investigated the persuasive strategies and linguistic markers of scammers and analyzed the social actions of both scammers and their targets—all of whom are users of the Filipino language. This qualitative study employed digital conversation analysis in analyzing ten conversations between scammers and their targets—all of which were failed scams. The results showed that scammers used emotion, credibility, and logic in persuading their targets. The following linguistic markers were found in their utterances: (1) pronouns that are personal, exclusive, inclusive, noncommittal, impersonal, and ambiguous; (2) negation used for denial, non-existence, refusal, discouragement, inability, loss, contrast, clarification, and correction; (3) emotion words expressing happiness, astonishment or amusement, worry, doubt or fear, shame, regret or inadequacy, and fondness, and lastly, (4) cognitive verbs indicating equivocation, and expression of knowledge or understanding. Furthermore, the social actions of the scammers and the targets were categorized into four sequences that generally involved certain actions: (1) pre-offer (asking about and providing details), (2) insert (expressing doubt and explaining), (3) offer (offering or asking for money/info, and rejecting), and (4) post-offer (insisting, showing aggression, or conceding and retaliating or interrogating). Although all conversations resulted in the targets’ rejection of the scammers’ offer, which undermines social solidarity, dispreference is seen as a beneficial response in conversations involving scams.

A New Approach for Better Industrial Strategies

Industrial policy is back. After having been considered a taboo since the 1970s, “new industrial policies” are at the core of governments’ strategies to support countries during crises and enable the green and digital transitions. Virtually, every government has used and uses industrial policy, despite continued concerns related to anticompetitive effects, within and across countries, captured by vested interests and the opportunity cost of public funds, which economists have pointed out, based on previous unsuccessful experiences. In this paper, we contribute to the debate on industrial policy by presenting both a sound and simple framework to help design industrial policies and also data that allow the comparison of industrial strategies and their priorities across countries. First, this paper summarises our recent framework for industrial strategies, which is designed to offer practical policy advice and shed light on the complementarities between different policy instruments. Such a framework is particularly useful when designing complex mission-oriented industrial strategies promoting the green transition of the business sector. Second, this paper presents some salient results from the new “Quantifying Industrial Strategies” (QuIS) project, which gathers harmonised data on industrial policy expenditures, policy priorities, and policy instruments, thereby allowing the benchmarking of industrial strategies across countries. Based on the aforementioned conceptual framework, QuIS measures industrial policy expenditures across 9 OECD members, for the period 2019–2021. The data, now publicly available on the OECD website, show the importance of industrial policy expenditures, and the growing role of green industrial policies in countries industrial strategies.

UNVEILING THE DIGITAL ECONOMY: HOW DIGITIZATION TRANSFORMS ECONOMIC STRUCTURES

Giorgi Abashidze E-mail: giorgi.abashidze@bsu.edu.ge PhD student Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University. Assistant of Batumi Navigation Teaching University Batumi,Georgia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3233-6890 Abstract: One of the most significant processes currently underway in the modern economic system is the digital transformation, which results in the digitization of all economic sectors and creates the digital economy. This represents the current stage of economic development that affected all areas of human life and changed the way the economy functions and the way people live. The production processes, organizational relationships, distribution networks, marketing strategies, customer communication forms, and the way in which customers get goods and services have all undergone substantial change as a result of digital transformation. Consequently, the economic system is shifting from traditional markets to interconnected networks, from traditional consumers to active prosumer, from ownership-based models to access-based models, and from a consumer-driven economy to a sustainable economy (Rifkin, 2015). It should be mentioned that unlike traditional industries, which lack access to digital technologies, digital business and entrepreneurship can raise the rate of economic growth and create jobs in a short period of time. The digital economy has risen 2.5 times faster than the global GDP over the last 16 years (Huawei and Oxford Economics, 2017). Today, we are living in the process of the digital revolution, or the fourth industrial revolution, which has put a strong demand on individual countries to start digital transformation. This is critically important for small countries that are not rich in natural resources. As a result, it's critical to evaluate the current stage of digital business growth, trends in the emergence of digital business models and entrepreneurial initiatives, as well as the difficulties associated with the digitization of traditional industries. The study highlights the benefits of digital entrepreneurship and business over traditional ones. The stages of traditional businesses' digital transition are discussed, along with the models of digital business and entrepreneurship that are currently in use. Keywords: Digital Economy, Society 5.0, Technological Revolution, Transformation JEL classification: O3, L86.

Impact and Mechanism of Digital Inclusive Finance on the Urban–Rural Income Gap of China from a Spatial Econometric Perspective

With the rapid development of digital inclusive finance, whether it can lower the income inequality between urban and rural areas has been the focus of policy makers and researchers. Based on China’s 2011–2018 provincial panel data, this paper employs spatial econometric models and mediating-effect models to examine the impact of digital inclusive finance on the urban–rural income gap and its mechanism. The main findings are as follows: First, globally, the urban–rural income gap and digital inclusive finance each exhibit significant positive spatial correlation; locally, the income gap primarily exhibits spatial dependence in Central and Western China. Meanwhile, digital inclusive finance transitions from varied agglomeration patterns to exclusively H-H patterns in Eastern China. Second, digital inclusive finance notably reduces the urban–rural income gap, primarily attributed to its expanded breadth of coverage and digitization. Third, mechanism analysis indicates that digital inclusive finance can narrow the urban–rural income gap by increasing labor employment, resulting in higher farmer incomes, rather than through individual entrepreneurship and human capital investment. The findings of this study are crucial for improving digital inclusive financial development and adjusting urban–rural income distribution.

Enterprise digital transformation and audit quality: Empirical evidence from annual reports of Chinese listed companies

AbstractThis study explores how enterprise digital transformation affects audit quality. The results show that the relationship between enterprise digital transition and audit quality takes on a U‐shaped. Mechanism test results indicate that during the initial stages of digitization, the restrictive effect of auditor's professional competence mismatch predominates. Conversely, during the mature stages of digitization, the promotion effect of improved auditor's substantive independence predominates. Heterogeneity tests demonstrate that this U‐shaped relationship is significant primarily within the sample set of short audit tenure and state‐owned enterprises. The study reveals the internal mechanism of the impact of enterprise digital transition on audit quality, offering empirical evidence to comprehend the incremental dynamic effects of enterprise digitalization and mitigate potential adverse consequences throughout the transformation process.

Time Domain and Area Efficient Smart Temperature Sensor Exploiting Channel Length Modulation Coefficient

This work suggests an all-digital temperature sensor with a high sampling rate that is based on a time-to-digital converter (TDC). Two on-chip voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) are used in the design of the sensor core, which senses temperatures between [Formula: see text]C and 200[Formula: see text]C. For digital code conversion, the outputs of the VCO are fed into two asynchronous counters. In both low- and high- resolution modes, the error following two-point calibration is observed between [Formula: see text]C and [Formula: see text]C. The sensor’s ability to function in both high- and low-resolution modes based on conversion time is an important feature. At a sampling frequency of 0.19[Formula: see text]MHz, the maximum resolution achieved is 0.18[Formula: see text]C. Additionally, the sensor has control logic built in to turn off the sensing as soon as the conversion is complete. At 90-nm process, 1.1[Formula: see text]V supply voltage and 27[Formula: see text]C, the proposed sensor occupies [Formula: see text] and consumes [Formula: see text].

Design and Analysis of 16-bit pipelined subranging SAR ADC and TDC

Analog to digital converters plays an important role in medical and signal processing applications. This paper proposes a 16-bit time based analog to digital converter (ADC) architecture by combining SAR Analog to Digital Converter and Vernier Time to Digital Converter. SAR analog to digital Converter is best suited for low power, high resolution and moderate applications. Vernier Time to Digital Converter with a high resolution to increase the conversion gain of VTC. The SAR ADC and Vernier TDC are pipelined to increase the conversion speed and reduce the area, power dissipation significantly smaller. A 16-bit combined pipelining SAR ADC and Vernier TDC was designed and simulated in Tanner EDA Tool.

Energy Efficiency Bounds for Photonic Analog to Digital Converters

Energy Efficiency Bounds for Photonic Analog to Digital Converters

The Role of Health Institutions in Training Healthcare Personnel for the Digital Transition: The International Training Program of the Order of Physicians and Dentists of Rome

Digital health, encompassing the use of digital technologies in healthcare, and telemedicine, facilitating healthcare delivery across long distances, have witnessed widespread applications across various healthcare domains. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of digital solutions in healthcare, overcoming barriers to access and fostering transitions to new care models. However, healthcare professionals often lack digital health competencies, necessitating targeted training initiatives. This study presents a project initiated by the Order of Physicians and Dentists of Rome, promoting a comprehensive training program in digital health for healthcare professionals. This investigation aims to describe the project, report demographic characteristics of participants, and analyze survey results on participants’ perceptions of the training program. The Erasmus+ project, titled ‘Training of Physician Trainers in Telemedicine, eHealth, and Digital Medicine,’ facilitated the digital transition of the healthcare sector through international training. The project involved structured courses, job-shadowing, and support activities in Malta and Madrid. A survey, developed using the Delphi methodology, assessed participants’ views on telemedicine. Thirty participants, selected based on merit, engaged in the project. Survey responses highlighted a strong impact on participants’ understanding of digital health concepts and increased confidence in utilizing digital tools. Notably, 85% acknowledged significant skill acquisition in healthcare digitalization. The project addressed a critical training gap among healthcare professionals, emphasizing the need for ongoing education in digital health. Despite existing recommendations, formal digital health education remains limited. The study underscores the importance of educational efforts to foster a digitalized healthcare model.

Exploring the Implementation Challenges of the Electronic Freight Transport Information (eFTI) Regulation: An Empirical Perspective from Greece

Background: The electronic Freight Transport Information (eFTI) regulation is critical in modernizing freight transport (FT) within the European Union by establishing a framework for the electronic exchange of information. Despite its importance, there is a notable gap in the literature regarding the practical implementation challenges, especially from an empirical perspective. Methods: To address this gap, our study utilized a grounded theory approach, conducting interviews with a diverse group of logistics experts from Greece. The selection of experts was strategic to ensure a comprehensive range of knowledge and expertise, including insights at the policy level as well as practical experiences. Results: Our findings highlight several significant challenges in the implementation of eFTI, including the digital skill gap among the workforce, issues with system interoperability, and diverse capacities and resources of companies of different sizes. Economic factors, regulatory frameworks and the necessity for targeted training and leadership support were also identified as crucial for the digital transition. Conclusions: The study shows that uniform eFTI implementation may not work for all organizations, highlighting the necessity for customized strategies that address specific challenges in the FT chain. Our research deepens the understanding of these issues, providing actionable insights for successful eFTI adoption.

Review on High-Speed Dynamic Comparators for Analog to Digital Converters

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-art high-speed dynamic comparators. The comparator is a critical block of high-speed, low-power analog-to-digital converters, determining the speed and overall power consumption. Therefore, the design of a high-speed comparator with tolerable offset, noise and power consumption is of utmost importance. Recent work reported on high-speed comparator topologies is investigated in detail with the help of simulations in 65[Formula: see text]nm CMOS technology. Various parameters, such as delay, energy consumption, speed, offset, kickback noise, power delay product, etc., are compared. A detailed comparative study is also presented on several design methodologies.

The relationship between digital development and economic growth in the European Union

AbstractNumerous studies have proven that digital development positively affects economic growth. This study aims to confirm or refute the positive impact of digital evolution on economic growth by applying the dimensions of the International Digital Economy and Society Index (I-DESI). The analysis refers to the period 2015–2020 of the European Union member states. The study's novelty is that the I-DESI index has yet to be used in research to investigate the relationship between the digital transition and GDP production. The present study, therefore, goes one step further than the previous typical DESI-GDP models. The research uses Pearson correlation and F-statistic analysis to show the relationship between the variables. The study confirms that digital development has positively impacted the economic growth of EU member states. This result was confirmed by both Pearson and Spearman correlation. However, the results are ambivalent. The empirical results indicate that the more digitally developed member countries had a higher GDP per capita. However, the positive effect is different. The results confirm that the development of digitalization and GDP increased more dynamically in the more digitally developed EU member states than in the less developed member states. Therefore, an increase in the backwardness of the less developed member countries and not a catch-up can be observed in the period under review.