Digital Communication Techniques Research Articles

Listening to life: Sonification for enhancing discovery in biological research.

Sonification, or the practice of generating sound from data, is a promising alternative or complement to data visualization for exploring research questions in the life sciences. Expressing or communicating data in the form of sound rather than graphs, tables, or renderings can provide a secondary information source for multitasking or remote monitoring purposes or make data accessible when visualizations cannot be used. While popular in astronomy, neuroscience, and geophysics as a technique for data exploration and communication, its potential in the biological and biotechnological sciences has not been fully explored. In this review, we introduce sonification as a concept, some examples of how sonification has been used to address areas of interest in biology, and the history of the technique. We then highlight a selection of biology-related publications that involve sonifications of DNA datasets and protein datasets, sonifications for data collection and interpretation, and sonifications aimed to improve science communication and accessibility. Through this review, we aim to show how sonification has been used both as a discovery tool and a communication tool and to inspire more life-science researchers to incorporate sonification into their own studies.

The Role of Digital Transformation in Enhancing Communication: A Case Study of OR Tambo District Municipality in South Africa

This investigation delves into the digital communication strategies of the OR Tambo District Municipality in South Africa, a region characterised by its rural nature and high poverty levels. The research endeavours to comprehend the character of the municipality's digital communication strategies, evaluate their efficacy, and propose evidence-based recommendations for enhancement. The study is predicated on the necessity for local governments to align their communication strategies with technological advancements, whilst taking into account the socio-economic realities of their constituents. The research employs a comprehensive examination of the current digital communication tools, platforms, and techniques utilised by the municipality, and assesses their effectiveness based on their reach, accessibility, and impact. The study identifies areas of strength and weakness in the current communication strategies and proposes recommendations for enhancing digital communication within the municipality. The findings underscore the importance of inclusive and effective digital communication strategies in local governments, particularly in rural areas. The research contributes to the burgeoning body of literature on digital communication in local governments and provides a roadmap for other rural municipalities seeking to leverage digital technologies to improve their communication strategies. The study concludes that the OR Tambo District Municipality, akin to other rural municipalities, can enhance communication, improve service delivery, and foster greater engagement with residents by effectively leveraging digital technologies.

Analisis Hubungan Antara Teknologi dan Politik: Studi Kasus Mengenai Pengaruh Teknik Komunikasi Digital Terhadap Partisipasi Politik

This study aims to analyze the relationship between technology and politics, focusing on the influence of digital communication techniques on political participation. In the digital era, information and communication technology has changed the political landscape significantly. This study uses qualitative and quantitative approaches to gain a comprehensive understanding of the impact of technology on people's political participation. The methods used in this research are interviews with respondents who are involved in political activities and a survey of a representative population. The collected qualitative and quantitative data will be analyzed using content analysis techniques and descriptive statistics. This research also involves case studies to illustrate how digital communication technologies have affected political participation at individual and collective levels. The results of this study are expected to provide a better understanding of how digital communication technology influences people's political participation. In addition, this research is also expected to provide insights on changes in political and communication power structures as a result of the adoption of new technologies. In the ever-evolving digital era, information and communication technology has changed the way we interact, including in the political context. Developments in digital communication technology, such as the internet, social media, and instant messaging applications, have provided easier and faster access to political information and facilitated more active political participation. Therefore, it is important to understand the relationship between technology and politics and its impact on people's political participation. In this context, an analysis of the influence of digital communication techniques on political participation is relevant. Digital communication techniques, such as the use of social media to share political information, participate in online political discussions, and engage in political campaigns through digital platforms, can provide new opportunities for individuals and groups to participate in political activities. However, the effects of using communication technology digital impact on political participation is not always positive.
 Keywords: technology, politics, communication

Possible directions of increasing the efficiency of the health system through software development

In the modern world, software is practically inevitable and present everywhere. Today, software represents the key to the success of most computer systems and at the same time the differentiation factor of the organizations that own it. Software has become an essential component in healthcare decision-making and the basis of scientific research and healthcare problem solving. The development of microprocessors enabled the widespread infiltration of computers into biomedical instruments for measuring, monitoring and displaying a number of parameters in physiology, clinic, radiology, nuclear medicine, laboratories and others. Digital communication techniques have enabled the networking of computers and the exchange of large amounts of information needed by expert systems to improve the quality of decision-making.

Proactive flow control using adaptive beam forming for smart intra-layer data communication in wireless network on chip

Systems-on-chips need numerous predesigned cores to advance. NoC enables Multi-Core SoCs (MC_SoCs). Conventional NoC cores use power and latency on multi-hop wired connections. An effective Wireless Network-on-Chip (WiNoC) architecture can overcome NoC difficulties. On-chip antennas, transceivers, and routers replace multi-hop cable connections with high-bandwidth single-hop wireless networks using WiNoC. Nanotechnology development demands fast data transfer to overcome performance bottlenecks from sharing memory modules and connecting fabrics. This research offers a new Proactive Flow control using Adaptive Beam formation for Smart Intra-layer Data Communication technique(PF_SDC) to optimally use network resources and assure QoS in Wireless Network-on-Chip for next-generation nano-domain technology. Hybrid NoC architecture optimises application admission for data transfer over wired and wireless interconnects. Data traffic is managed by a fuzzy inference-based Intelligent Head Agent (IHA). Queue load predicts router status for the fittest path selection. IHA initiates beams at angles to admit data flow towards the target while utilising the least amount of network power and resources. A simulation model shows that the proposed system may be applied in real-world applications and consumes little power with good throughput.

Multi-Stage Bargaining of Smart Grid Energy Trading Based on Cooperative Game Theory

Due to global warming and climate change, it is essential to produce power using renewable sources, such as solar, wind, fuel cells, etc. The traditional grid shifts towards the smart grid by infusing digital communication techniques and information technology. As the current power system is shifting towards a smart grid, the utility and prosumers participate in the energy trading process. Due to the distributed nature of the smart grid, providing a fair price among them is becoming a difficult task. The article introduces a model for energy trading in a smart grid by allowing participants to negotiate in multiple stages using a game-theory-based multi-stage Nash Bargaining Solution (NBS). The model’s application of game theory enables the participants to decide on a mutually acceptable price, thereby encouraging the utility, private parties and prosumers (those who are able to generate and consume energy) to participate in the trading process. Since all parties participate in the trading procedure, greenhouse gas emissions are reduced. The proposed model also balances the benefits of consumers and producers in the final agreed fixed price. To demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed work, we compare the analytical results with feed-in-tariff (FiT) techniques in terms of consumers’ energy bills and producers’ revenue. For experimental analysis, 20 participants are considered, where the percentage reduction in the bill of each consumer and the percentage increment of revenue of each producer are compared to FiT. On average, the overall bill of the consumer is reduced by 32.8%, and the producers’ revenue is increased by 64.83% compared to FiT. It has been shown further that the proposed model shows better performance as compared to FiT with an increase in the number of participants. The analysis of carbon emission reduction in the proposed model has been analyzed, where, for 10 participants, the carbon emission reduction is approximately 28.48 kg/kWh, and for 100 participants is 342.397 kg/kWh.

High Security Image Cryptographic Algorithm Using Chaotic Encryption Algorithm with Hash-LSB Steganography

In the latest, digital images are frequently used for storage, communication, medical imaging, etc. Such images possibly involve private data, which accordingly handed an important role to information security. Image encryption and steganography are two widely used techniques for providing information security. Cryptography is the technique of protecting information by encryption and decryption. In steganography, the message is inserted in an image with changes entitled a cover image. The principal purpose of the study is to improve the current secure data communication techniques, by combining cryptography with steganography. Steganography and cryptography are two examples of the multiple methods used to guarantee secrecy and privacy throughout data communication. The suggested approach achieves encryption and decryption utilizing chaotic encryption technique and employing hash-least significant bit (HLSB) as steganography which is a significant method of embedding data bits in LSB bits of RGB pixels of the cover image.  The suggested image encryption method is validated by experimental results to be highly secure and resistant to a variety of attacks. Additionally, compared to several conventional picture encryption techniques, it offers higher performance. Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and mean square error (MSE)calculations are used to provide security evaluations. PSNR is infinite and MSE is 0 for a secret image. PSNR and MSE for the cover image are 65 and 0.02 dB respectively. The results of this research reveal a high level of similarities between stego and cover images, and between recovered and secret images, as seen in the histogram analysis of secret images. These techniques are accomplished effectively by using the MATLAB program.

From Smart Grids to Super Smart Grids: A Roadmap for Strategic Demand Management for Next Generation SAARC and European Power Infrastructure

Due to an increasing of demands of electricity in a world on regular basis, different continents will initiate a step towards transforming their smart grids infrastructure into super smart grids (SSGs), in which various countries in a continent will take a step towards an interconnection of their power system networks with one another to manage their futuristic demands conditions. The concept of SSGs system is predicated due to extensive use of modern technology, digital communication, machine learning and modern information techniques for the present power generating system to be more accurate and feature on balancing demand and supply. The SSGs uses renewable energy resources to support power system of multiple countries by reducing the greenhouse gases emissions. The main purpose of transforming smart grids into SSGs is to balance the demands and supply between multiple countries, if each country is not able to manage their own demands profiles. The environmental conditions, lack of energy management, intermittent nature of renewable energy resources and line losses are the major hurdles to provide regular supply. This research work focused about the hurdles in the form of technical challenges that will be arises in case of developing a futuristic SSGs for European and SAARC continents, and thus provide a valuable solution for it along with discussion about the future research directions. Moreover, although SSGs ideas have received positive reviews from many technical experts, but there development in future is still a challenging research issue due to lack of simulation based models of SSGs in the current literature. To deal with this issue, finally a fuzzy logic using hybrid cluster model of SSGs consisting of two clusters and a renewable wind energy system is successfully presented in this research paper. This model can be utilized in prospective for transforming any smart grids power infrastructure based on one country power network to futuristic SSGs power infrastructure based on multiple countries power networks for SAARC and European continents. The simulations of clusters and wind system are performed by the MATLAB. The suggested model of SSGs consisting of eighteen bus networks provides regular supply of energy between two countries interconnecting in the form of two clusters, whenever one or both countries lies in the region of SAARC and European continents faced some kind of fault.

Analyzing QoS factor in 5 G communication using optimized data communication techniques for E-commerce applications

The fifth generation (5 G) communication is characterized using gigabyte data speeds and ultra-low latency features. Therefore, service providers and mobile networks exploit this technology for real-time applications, including E-commerce. The peak data request in an E-commerce application/ website increases with consumer density and demands. The prime requirement in such environments is data optimization for controlling network traffic and sustaining Quality of Service (QoS). For providing a stabilized data handling procedure for E-commerce applications, this article introduces a Contingent Data Optimization Technique (CDOT). This technique provides multi-resource allocation rather than data compression, depending on the peak utilization. The application-specific data generation and communication are identified for network radio-resource allocation that satisfies the 5 G compliance. The decisions on application data peak and distributions are assured using federated learning. In this process, the network devices are monitored for the least and peak data movements for which the radio resources that deform stagnancy are allocated. The federated learning tunes the allocation recommendation using the resource to data mapping during the peak data span. This technique's performance is validated using data handling rate, application response, delay, backlogs, and peak utilization.

Digital marketing communication in improving consumer purchase decisions during the Covid-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia impacted Small, Micro, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) entrepreneurs from various fields. Torch is one of them. At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, Torch sales were down 50-80%. It is just that entering the middle of 2020, Torch managed to rise, and even its sales increased from the previous year. This is because of the digital marketing communications carried out. The purpose of this research is to find out how Torch's Digital Marketing Communication Improves Consumer Purchase Decisions, Especially During the COVID-19 Pandemic. This research was conducted using qualitative research methods with descriptive purposes based on the method. The strategy used is a case study. The sample selection technique in this study used purposive sampling and collection through interviews, observation, documentation and literature studies, and online searches. Interviews were conducted with ten informants on various criteria. The collected data is then validated by triangulation of sources and analyzed using an interactive model. The result of this research is that Torch has succeeded in increasing its business performance in the COVID -19 pandemic with digital marketing communication techniques through Search Engine Marketing (SEM), Online PR, Display Advertising, Email Marketing, and Social Media Marketing.

Context-Based Semantic Communication via Dynamic Programming

Standard digital communication techniques allow us to set aside the meaning of the messages to concentrate on the transmission of bits efficiently and reliably. However, with the integration of artificial intelligence into communications technology and the merging of communication and computation within devices, increasing evidence suggests that the semantic aspect of communication cannot be set aside. We propose a part-of-speech-based encoding strategy and context-based decoding strategies, in which various deep learning models are presented to learn the semantic and contextual features as background knowledge. With the background knowledge, our strategies can be applied to some non-jointly-designed communication scenarios with uncertainty. We compare the performances of two proposed decoding strategies, the deep learning models of which are different, to provide model-choice design guidelines in accordance with specific communication conditions. Further, we discuss the impact of several parameters on the performance of our strategies, such as the size of the context window and the size of the feature window. Simulation results indicate the effectiveness and the reliability of our strategies in terms of decreasing the number of bits used to transmit messages and increasing the semantic accuracy between transmitted messages and recovered messages.

A Digital Diplomacy Irony: Donald Trump

The concept of digital diplomacy includes the use of digital communication techniques both in interstate diplomacy and in the relationship between a state and foreign public opinion groups. This study is a qualitative research to determine how the 45th President of the USA, Donald John Trump, uses Twitter in terms of content in the context of digital diplomacy. The general purpose of the study is to evaluate Trump's digital diplomacy activities on Twitter. In this context, examining the styles and forms of the role of digital diplomacy constitutes the main research question of this study. The question of how Trump's digital diplomacy practices on Twitter are, constitutes the main problematic to focus on in the research. In the study, firstly, the literature on the subject was searched, and then Trump's tweets containing diplomacy issues between January 20, 2017 and January 20, 2021 were taken as a basis in the selection of the data needed for the research. In the process of collecting data within the scope of the research, document analysis method was used. In the content analysis carried out on the determined sample, categories were produced based on the diplomacy actors that are frequently repeated in the literature, and each analyzed tweet was analyzed within the relevant category. One of the most basic findings obtained as a result of the research is the fact that the language he uses while using social media is quite far from the language of diplomacy due to Trump's tweets. In addition, it is noteworthy that Trump exhibits a racist attitude and uses hate language with tweets he sends to both himself and other countries' citizens and administrations on Twitter, one of his social media channels. Looking at the data, it is seen that soft power elements are not used in the content of Trump's tweets, therefore, there is no national and international dialogue environment, and it is concluded that his tweets have reached the level of sarcastic, insulting and even hate crime, and therefore it can be called digital diplomacy irony.

Surgical Correction of Tricuspid Component of Patients with Multi-Vessel Heartdefect.

The analysis of results of surgical correction of 326 (8%) patients with tricuspid pathology in rheumatic multi-valve heart defects. The age of our patients ranged from 12 to 74 years (mean 36.7 + 9.4). Women were 220 (67.5%), while men - 106 (32.5%). According to the degree of circulatory disorders, patients were divided according to the classification of chronic heart failure (CHF) in NYHA, where in functional class III were assigned 24 (7.4%), and to IY functional class NYHA - 302 (92.6%) patients. The clinic is the most commonly used plastic fibrous ring by De Vega. Of the 262 (80.5%) operated by the method of De Vega, at 26.9% after correction of regurgitation on tricuspid valve (TC) virtually disappeared, at 62.8% - regurgitation decreased from a low of 1 degree, and the remaining 10.3% were operated last was reduced to 2 (moderate) degree. In 8 (2.46%) cases of infective endocarditis was made "open" correction - prosthetics TC biological prosthesis. Known methods of creating a bicuspid tricuspid valve - Kay Reed Kay Boyd used in 13.4% of cases, but in recent years because of the low efficiency of data communication techniques greater preference for annuloplasty by De Vega.

Smart System Using Lora Technology to Connect Rural Areas Underserved By Existing Internet and Telecommunication Technologies

LoRa, Sigfox, and Narrowband-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) are some of the long-distance, low-power wireless communication technologies developed in the recent past. The proposed system consists of mainly nodes and a gateway as the fundamental system architecture. Nodes only communicate with the gateway individually and the gateway communicates with all the nodes separately and wirelessly. System in this proposed study, uses long range low power RF wireless communication technique for primary data communication, where an Internet connection will not be required for the communication between the gateway and the nodes. Any number of nodes can be paired with the gateway, and the gateway can individually communicate with each and every node. Furthermore, gateways have the ability of storing real-time data. Due to its unique design, the proposed system in this study, can achieve addressable, bidirectional, and continuous data communication even without the Internet connection. The bidirectional communication design of this proposed system facilitates real time and uninterrupted simultaneous handling of monitoring/sensor devices and controller devices without the need of a separate controlling system. As this system consists of those unique features, it is recommended to use in the rural areas underserved by current internet and telecommunication technologies. With the in-built option to get connected to the Internet, this system can be further expanded to an IoT based addressable data communication, processing, and visualization systems by eliminating the major technical problems in typical IoT systems such as interrupted communication and data losses during an Internet connection failure, power concerns and customization issues.

Lightweight and Secure Elliptical Curve Cryptography (ECC) Key Exchange for Mobile Phones

Open networks enable data communication between different types of mobile devices that showcase the need to enforce elevated security measures. Securing sensitive or confidential data in mobile phones is accomplished by implementing a diverse range of cryptographic techniques. While encryption algorithms, such as Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) may offer secure solutions that are often difficult to compromise, these in turn prerequisite high speed computational resources for effective operation. Elliptical curve cryptography (ECC) is well thought-out standard that offers a workable and feasible methods of encryption/decryption, whilst being applicable to resource constraint devices. This paper implements a novel key exchange mechanism that helps to secure exchange of data between the communicating mobile devices. The study aims to address the limitation of Elliptic Curve Deffie Hellman, which is susceptible to Man-in-the-Middle attack and proposes an enhanced Elliptic Curve Deffie Hellman (ECDH) technique for secure data communication in open networks. The study results reveal, how the implementation of ECDH allows exchange of keys between the two communicating devices with limited resources.

A Communication-Less Multimode Control Approach for Adaptive Power Sharing in Ship-Based Seaport Microgrid

The increase in greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector together with the continued depletion of fossil fuels in general has encouraged an increase in the use of energy storage systems and renewable energy sources at seaports and also on short route yachts and ferries. At present, most seaports, particularly smaller ones, are not provided with cold-ironing facilities—shore-based power facilities, which provide electric power to ships from the national grid. Because of the lack of cold-ironing facilities at most ports, auxiliary diesel engines and diesel generators on ships must be kept operating and online while at berth to supply auxiliary loads of ship. To address these requirements, one possible solution would be to provide cold-ironing facilities at all ports. However, in many circumstances, this is not cost-efficient as a port might be far from the national grid. To overcome these limitations, a seaport microgrid can be formed through the integration of multiple shipboard microgrids (SMGs) with decentralized control together with a charging infrastructure that is located on-shore. This integration of multiple SMGs and port-based charging stations is termed a ship-based seaport microgrid. Typically, power is shared among different microgrids using data communication techniques, which adds to the cost and the complexity of the overall system. This article proposes a communication-less approach based on multimode, decentralized droop control that enables power sharing among several SMGs in both charging and discharging modes based on the state of charge of battery banks—electric power is either supplied or consumed. The proposed approach would be potentially useful for future autonomous ships and also for islands where port electrification is either not technically feasible or an economically viable solution. A simulation and hardware-in-the-loop results are provided to verify the control robustness of the proposed control strategy.

Powering smart contact lenses for continuous health monitoring: Recent advancements and future challenges

As the tear is noninvasively and continuously available, it has been turned into a convenient biological interface as a wearable medical device for out-of-hospital and self-monitoring applications. Recent progress in integrated circuits (ICs) and biosensors coupled with wireless data communication techniques have led to the implementation of smart contact lenses that can continuously sample tear fluid, analyze physiological conditions, and wirelessly transmit data to an electronic device such as smartphone, which can send data to relevant healthcare units. Continuous analyte monitoring is one of the significant characteristics of wearable biosensors. However, despite several advantages over other on-skin wearable medical devices, batteries cannot be incorporated on smart contact lenses for continuous electrical power supply due to the limited area. Herein, we review the progress of power delivery techniques of smart contact lenses for the first time. Different approaches, including wireless power transmission (WPT), biofuel cells, supercapacitors, flexible batteries, wired connections, and hybrid methods, are thoroughly discussed to understand the principles of self-sustainable contact lens biosensors comprehensively. Additionally, recent progress in contact lens biosensors is reviewed in detail, thereby providing the prospects for further developments of smart contact lenses as a common biosensing platform for various disease monitoring and diagnostic applications.

Design and Implementation of a Low Power Consumption of ASK, FSK PSK, and QSK Modulators Based on FPAA Technology

Wireless communication techniques have become more popular due to their characteristics. These systems adopt the digital modification application, which provides more information for transmission and compatibility with digital data services as well as high information security and quality improvement. Digital wave signal-based communication techniques such as PSK, FSK, ASK, and QPSK considered among the most significant digital modulation techniques. These technologies are a crucial part of digital communication systems. Digital communication devices designed by FPAAs can provide multiple communication without arranging new devices and can support new within seconds. FPAA is extremely easy to reconfigure and program concerning FPGA or DSP-based applications. This article offers real-time implementation of ASK, FSK PSK, and QPSK modulator techniques with low power consumption ”Žbased on the ”Žcapability for dynamic reprogramming of the FPAA AN231E04 device ”ŽAnadigm. FPAA techniques provide growing application and high pliability in the implementation of analog circuits. The measurements achieved from the proposed modulated circuits show that the form and properties of the theoretical outcomes agree perfectly with the practical outcomes. FPAA techniques provide growing application and high pliability in the implementation of analog circuits for minimizing the time of design and testing. Another feature is the minimum power exhaustion (165 mw) due to the switched capacitor method used by the FPAA Chip, which gives a high accuracy process.

An innovative industrial control system architecture for real‐time response, fault‐tolerant operation and seamless plant integration

Large-scale infrastructure and industrial projects face schedule delays, cost overruns and performance shortfalls. One cause is the late delivery of their control systems that end up being complex and unsuited. To overcome this problem, an innovative industrial control system is proposed that can be commissioned almost effortlessly and delivered on time without functional defects in most large-scale industrial and infrastructure construction projects, while offering high capacity (>25,000 filed devices scanning >100,000 signals) and straightforward scalability, upgradability and maintainability. Designed with a central controller and distributed sensing and actuating devices, and equipped with a cluster of servers and an Ethernet network transporting video, voice and data (>300 video and >750 voice streams), it integrates plant automation technologies with data communication techniques, allowing industrial and information technology applications to coexist and cooperate. While being tolerant to faults and fast in its response, it provides high safety integrity level (>SIL 2) and real-time automatic reaction in repetitive stimuli or occasional events (programmable from 5 to 250 ms). In this paper, with the provided system blueprint and engineering guidelines, this novel system architecture can be built with off-the-shelf components seamlessly integrated in the context of Cyber Physical Systems.

Chaotic Communication System with Symmetry-Based Modulation

Communication systems based on chaotic synchronization are gaining interest in the area of secure and covert data transmission. In this paper, a novel digital communication technique based on a coherent chaotic data transmission approach is proposed. In general, this technique resembles the well-known approach based on the modulation of nonlinearity parameters. The key idea of this study is to modulate a signal by varying not the system parameter but the symmetry coefficient in discrete chaotic models obtained by the special numerical integration method. For this purpose, the self-adjoint semi-implicit integration method of order 2 is used to obtain discrete master and slave models of the considered chaotic oscillator. The experimental results explicitly show that, like during parameter modulation, transmitting and receiving oscillators may completely synchronize only if the symmetry coefficients are equal in both systems. The architecture of the communication system based on the proposed modulation is presented. The practical applicability of the approach is confirmed by transmitting a test binary sequence between the transmitter and receiver models and preliminary benchmarking of the obtained communication system. Since the symmetry coefficient modulation does not significantly impact the chaotic behavior of the transmitting digital system, its better suitability for covert messaging was experimentally confirmed by comparing it with the parameter modulation technique.