Thoracic surgery is a medical specialty, which could be considered one of the branches of General Surgery of more recent creation, born of a need, at the beginning of the 20th century. The Tuberculosis epidemic that affected much of the world, caused doctors who were in direct contact with these types of sick patients, to deal and treat various complications caused by TB. Physiotherapists, who require giving attention to these patients, acquire skills to solve these diverse problems, such as purulent drainage of the chest and more complex surgical procedures, such as pulmonary resections, thoracoplasties, tumors of the thorax, etc.