Digital Artifacts Research Articles

Strategies for digital entrepreneurship success: the role of digital implementation and dynamic capabilities

PurposeTo augment sales revenue, B2B digital start-ups aim to create and sustain commercial relationships with industry incumbents. However, since these incumbents have traditionally struggled with implementing disruptive digital artifacts, most studies have almost exclusively concentrated on their challenges, leaving the digital start-ups' side underexplored. Therefore, this study seeks to understand how digital start-ups navigate digital implementation (DI) hardships to ultimately achieve digital entrepreneurship success.Design/methodology/approachAn abductive explanatory multi-case study of four industries that pose a variety of implementation challenges for B2B digital start-ups (agriculture, insurance, real estate and construction, and healthcare) was conducted using data collected from 40 interviews with Israeli experts and relevant digital data observations.FindingsThis study articulates two main observations. (1) Throughout their journeys, digital start-ups have utilized newly created and/or refined dynamic capabilities (DC) to successfully implement their digital artifacts. Simultaneously, successful DI has enabled digital start-ups to create new DC or sustain and evolve current DC. (2) We provide empirical evidence outlining how digital start-ups using continuous learning have combined causation and effectuation logic throughout their DI journeys.Originality/valueThis study answers a call to explore more explicit digital-related drivers (i.e. DI) for digital entrepreneurship success by studying a highly-ranked country on the Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI) to achieve this. Moreover, it illustrates how digital start-ups evolve throughout their commercial relationships with industry incumbents, thereby enabling an effective approach for successful DI. Such an approach can be considered very valuable for both practitioners and policymakers. Consequently, it advances digital entrepreneurship as an independent research topic.

Linear-space-variant model for Fourier ptychographic microscopy.

Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) needs to realize well-accepted reconstruction by image segmentation and discarding problematic data due to artifacts caused by vignetting. However, the imaging results have long suffered from uneven color blocks and the consequent digital stitching artifacts, failing to bring satisfying experiences to researchers and users over the past decade since the invention of FPM. In fact, the fundamental reason for vignetting artifacts lies in that the acquired data does not match the adopted linear-space-invariant (LSI) forward model, i.e., the actual object function is modulated by a quadratic phase factor during data acquisition, which has been neglected in the advancement of FPM. In this Letter, we rederive a linear-space-variant (LSV) model for FPM and design the corresponding loss function for FPM, termed LSV-FPM. Utilizing LSV-FPM for optimization enables the efficient removal of wrinkle artifacts caused by vignetting in the reconstruction results, without the need of segmenting or discarding images. The effectiveness of LSV-FPM is validated through data acquired in both 4f and finite conjugate single-lens systems.

FPM-WSI: Fourier ptychographic whole slide imaging via feature-domain backdiffraction

Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) theoretically provides a solution to the trade-off between spatial resolution and field of view (FOV), and has promising prospects in digital pathology. However, block reconstruction and then stitching has become an unavoidable procedure for reconstruction of large FOV due to vignetting artifacts. This introduces digital stitching artifacts, as the existing image-domain optimization algorithms are highly sensitive to systematic errors. Such obstacles significantly impede the advancement and practical implementation of FPM, explaining why, despite a decade of development, FPM has not gained widespread recognition in the field of biomedicine. We report a feature-domain FPM (FD-FPM) based on the structure-aware forward model to realize stitching-free, full-FOV reconstruction. The loss function is uniquely formulated in the feature domain of images, which bypasses the troublesome vignetting effect and algorithmic vulnerability via feature-domain backdiffraction. Through massive simulations and experiments, we show that FD-FPM effectively eliminates vignetting artifacts for full-FOV reconstruction, and still achieves impressive reconstructions despite the presence of various systematic errors. We also found it has great potential in recovering the data with a lower spectrum overlapping rate, and in realizing digital refocusing without a prior defocus distance. With FD-FPM, we achieved full-color and high-throughput imaging (4.7 mm diameter FOV, 336 nm resolution in the blue channel) free of blocking-and-stitching procedures on a self-developed Fourier ptychographic microscopy whole slide imaging platform. The reported FD-FPM shows the value of FPM for various experimental circumstances, and offers physical insights useful for the developments of models for other computational imaging techniques. The reported platform demonstrates high-quality, high-speed imaging and low cost, and could find applications in many fields of biomedical research, as well as in clinical applications.

Storying My Body in Bits and Bytes

ABSTRACT This study shows how cyberautoethnography can be used to critically interrogate and make sense of how technology and attendant artifacts shape our understanding of embodiment. Specifically, this goal is achieved by applying cyberautoethnography to study Bitmoji avatars, a digital artifact, as a type of digital embodiment. Users can personalize Bitmoji avatars by choosing from a variety of skin tones, body sizes, and other physical characteristics. Thus, similar to the creation of other avatars (such as those in social media and gaming environments), creating and circulating these digital artifacts can be understood as acts of strategic digital (re)presentation and embodiment. Here, I reflect on the process of creating my Bitmoji avatar and analyze conversations using Bitmojis to discuss how I use my Bitmoji to make my body hypervisible in a context that’s typically understood as disembodied. I conclude that the seemingly mundane use of Bitmojis can be understood as a feminist practice that marginalized individuals might engage with in order to extend the political dimensions of everyday, lived experiences into the digital realm. Thus, this critical cyberautoethnography showcases the value of autoethnography for understanding how agency is claimed and limited by contemporary forms of technology-mediated embodiment.

Possession and dispossession: a dual phenomenon in digital artefacts

AbstractA modern user's interactions with digital artefacts are a subject of interest to numerous fields of study, including human-computer interaction (HCI). Innovations in HCI necessitate an understanding of users’ attachment to these artefacts. This paper characterises user attachment as a dual phenomenon of possession and dispossession. The findings give deeper insight into the influences of this phenomenon and how they might distinguish its manifestation in physical and virtual environments. Avenues for design interventions were then interpreted from these findings.

How to shoe an elk? Teachers’ reflections on creating a glocal learning community

This design-based case study aimed to depict how teachers facilitate and experience the design-oriented process of creating and teaching in a glocal learning network. The participants in this case study were volunteer teachers from Finland and the United States who designed and implemented glocally-relevant learning projects together with their students. The qualitative data consisted of teachers’ interviews supplemented with project reports and students’ digital artifacts. The deductive content analysis indicates that the enabling of the glocal community and utilizing technology supported the creation of interest-driven inquiries and reciprocal connections with peers and external expertise. While the teachers perceived how the students could develop novel skills and connections in glocally-networked activities, an apparent need to develop the collaboration between the teachers and the global peers was also recognized.

Empowering Students for the Data-Driven World: A Qualitative Study of the Relevance of Learning about Data-Driven Technologies

In K-12 computing education, there is a need to identify and teach concepts that are relevant to understanding machine learning technologies. Studies of teaching approaches often evaluate whether students have learned the concepts. However, scant research has examined whether such concepts support understanding digital artefacts from everyday life and developing agency in a digital world. This paper presents a qualitative study that explores students’ perspectives on the relevance of learning concepts of data-driven technologies for navigating the digital world. The underlying approach of the study is data awareness, which aims to support students in understanding and reflecting on such technologies to develop agency in a data-driven world. This approach teaches students an explanatory model encompassing several concepts of the role of data in data-driven technologies. We developed an intervention and conducted retrospective interviews with students. Findings from the analysis of the interviews indicate that students can analyse and understand data-driven technologies from their everyday lives according to the central role of data. In addition, students’ answers revealed four areas of how learning about data-driven technologies becomes relevant to them. The paper concludes with a preliminary model suggesting how computing education can make concepts of data-driven technologies meaningful for students to understand and navigate the digital world.

Theorising Digital Afterlife as Techno-Affective Assemblage: On Relationality, Materiality, and the Affective Potential of Data

In the ongoing academic discussion regarding what happens to our data after we die, how our data are utilised for commercial profit-making purposes, and what kinds of death-related practices our posthumous data figure in, the notion of digital afterlife is attracting increasing attention. While the concept of digital afterlife has been approached in different ways, the main focus remains on the level of individual loss. The emphasis tends to be on the role of posthumous digital artefacts in grief practices and death-related rituals or on data management issues relating to death. Building on a socio-technical view of digital afterlife, this paper offers, as a novel contribution, an understanding of digital afterlife as a techno-affective assemblage. It argues for the necessity of examining technological and social factors as mutually shaping and brings into the discussion of digital afterlife the notions of relationality, materiality, and the affective potential of data. The paper ends with ruminations about digital afterlife as a posthumanist project.

Experimental Archaeogaming

ABSTRACTArchaeogaming is an area of increasing interest within archaeology. As archaeogaming's theory and practice are being fleshed out, it is worth considering if there are parallels to traditional archaeological methods within the study of video games. Here, we examine one such possibility: is there an archaeogaming equivalent to experimental archaeology? As a case study, we explore the system used for the mid-1980s development of an unreleased video game prototype for the game company Activision. Through examining this development system, whose use would be otherwise invisible in the finished software artifact, we demonstrate how we have both reconstructed a seemingly lost piece of the system virtually and used this reconstruction for experiments. The methodology we describe can be applied to digital artifacts within contemporary archaeology beyond the scope of video games, and it illustrates some key differences between studying physical and digital artifacts.

Enacting teacher emotion, agency, and professional identity: A netnography of a novice Chinese language teacher’s crisis teaching

This netnography explores how teacher agency, emotion regulation, and professional identity were enacted by a novice Chinese language teacher in response to emergency remote teaching (ERT) in Australia amid the global pandemic. Ecologically sound, netnography creates uncoerced spaces to allow participants to have their voices heard, thus enabling researchers to discover nuanced patterns linked to the social-emotional state and wellbeing of the community members, regarding fears, tensions, and resilience triggered by ERT. Multiple data sources were triangulated from the teacher’s reflection journal, digital teaching artifacts, debriefing sessions, interviews, and online questionnaire responses. Thematic analysis reveals teacher identity was re-envisioned through crisis teaching pedagogy and the regulation of negative emotions to facilitate agency, which reciprocally bolstered teacher identity. The findings also indicate teacher identity development is challenged and shaped by negotiating a new role in remote teaching, thus impacting pre-ERT identity. Hence, the emotion regulation trajectory of ERT can stimulate and encourage technology-enhanced professional learning as teacher agency and resilience reinforce a new identity reimagined as a capable online teacher. By situating novice teacher agency, emotion regulation, and emerging identity in crisis teaching, this netnographic research conceptualises how ERT presents not only challenges for novice teachers’ identity development and emotion, but also the sustainability and empowerment of online teaching and professional growth of impacted teachers of Asian languages.

Making apps, owning data: Digital sovereignty and public authorities’ arrangements to “byte” back

This study tells the story of two public transport authorities (PTA) in Sweden who developed their own apps. Although this might seem trivial and far-detached from the critical issues discussed in organization studies, this story raises questions of great relevance for this field, namely how digital sovereignty is organized. Digital sovereignty refers to governments trying to take or regain power and control over “the digital,” which a small group of large tech companies have monopolized. Drawing on a 3 year qualitative study of app making, and using assemblage theory, this study shows that digital sovereignty is not only about controlling software development or data ownership, but also about re-configuring the organization in relation to digital artifacts such as apps. By bypassing procurement procedures and paralleling their IT-departments, the PTAs here display how digital sovereignty comes from “below,” originating from frustrated civil servants within the public authorities who literally tried to “byte back” in a digital world run by large tech companies.

Digital witnesses to the crime: Visual representation of the Bucha massacre across social media platforms

This article investigates the role of social media platforms in the visual representation of the Bucha massacre perpetrated by Russian forces during the aggression against Ukraine in 2022. By considering the interconnectedness of the online and offline spheres, the authors explore the impact of social media on the coverage of the massacre. The study focuses on a comprehensive analysis of 6,185 images disseminated on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram between 29 March and 15 September 2022. Through an analysis of the intricate dynamics between war crimes, visual representations and social media platforms, the article invites contemplation on how digital artifacts shape our collective understanding of historical atrocities.

Dynamic Teacher’s Technology Adoption During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Understanding the teacher’s technology adoption process is essential to comprehend and narrow the digital divide in the post-epidemic age. During the pandemic, the stay-at-home orders not only intervened schooling and teaching but also increased digital accessibility to teachers. This research studies teacher heterogeneity and adoption controls in the epidemic to simultaneously affect teacher’s underlying intention and adoption behavior based on a dynamic framework under the theory of planned behavior. We present a quantitative framework for modeling the teachers’ adoption behavior of a technology conditioned on intention, defined as latent dynamic processes via a hidden Markov model. This model allows us to examine the effects of three concerned adoption controls: epidemic, community, and experience. We also explicitly characterized teachers’ digital traits as the estimated results accounts for teacher’s heterogeneity. The implicit quality of digital teaching artifacts is examined to correlate the dynamic analyses with the qualitative supports. We collected data from four primary schools in Shanghai over 173 weeks, using an after-school activity management system. The data collection spanned periods both before and after the school closure caused by the epidemic, providing us with a dynamic view of technology adoption patterns under different circumstances. Our results suggest that the interventions derived from the controls of the epidemic did not significantly narrow the digital gap. In particular, well-prepared teachers may be more sensitive to adjusting their usage to meet the evolving standards. The inexperienced teacher struggles to maintain a high level of adoption once the passive external pressure is eliminated. Even the compulsory policy can temporarily change their adoption behavior. These implications highlight the second-order digital divide problem.

Beyond the Acronym: Intersections of STEAM, Cybernetics, and Leadership Nurturing

The theoretical model presented in this study explores the transformational potential of a digital Community of Practice (dCoP) within higher education, focusing on Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics (STEAM) education. A dCoP serves as a virtual space for educators to exchange knowledge, foster interdisciplinary collaboration, and construct meaning through discourse. Through the use of digital artifacts, a dCoP provides tangible exemplars for intersecting abstract concepts to real-world applications, thus strengthening educational experiences and outcomes. This study emphasizes the cognitive, social, and emotional skills developed through STEAM education, projecting future career growth for learners in these areas. Establishing a dCoP for teachers in higher education facilitates the transfer of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary skills to students, supporting STEAM learning and future career opportunities. Additionally, this study employs portraiture and autoethnography methodology for storytelling and cybernetic learning. The incorporation of a cybernetic mindset, presented through a theoretical Cybernetic Three-Realm Model, enriches a dCoP by addressing (1) a Canvas for Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL), (2) an Artist’s Palette for Authentic Artifacts, and (3) The Paints of Modalities for Learning. This theoretical construct affords a tangible framework for fostering STEAM skills and nurturing leadership development for pervasive learning within higher education dCoPs.

Trends, Challenges and Opportunities of Engaging Digital Forensics for Cybercrime Investigations

The use of digital forensic tools and techniques has continued to evolve as the security community makes efforts to stay ahead and mitigate cyber crimes. These tools and techniques are assisting cybersecurity experts and law enforcement in identifying fraudsters and protecting data by utilizing techniques such as digital traces left by data processing and storage. This paper identifies the peculiarities of digital forensics as a field of study, explores trends, challenges and opportunities presented by digital forensic tools in investigating cyber crimes. We carried out a systematic literature review of applicable tools and techniques. Our research identified challenges affecting the use of digital forensics in investigating cybercrime, and capture comprehensively the pulse of the domain. Recommendations were made that digital forensics lack a unified formal representation of standardized procedures and knowledge for analyzing and gathering digital artifacts. This inevitably causes incompatibility and conflict within various digital forensics tools. This leads to errors in the interpretation and analysis of digital artifacts due to lack of standardized or formalized procedure for analyzing, preserving, and collecting digital evidence is absent. Keywords: Cybercrimes, Police, Cyber Security, Challenges, Techniques CISDI Journal Reference Format Adams Terrence Addey (2024): Trends, Challenges and Opportunities of Engaging Digital Forensics for Cybercrime Investigations – A Review. Computing, Information Systems, Development Informatics & Allied Research Journal. Vol 15 No 1, Pp 1-.8. dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/CISDI/V15N1P1x. Available online at www.isteams.net/cisdijournal

WHEN IN STELLIS: AN AUTO-ARCHAEOLOGY OF A DIGITAL ARTIFACT COLLECTION FROM TEARS OF THEMIS

Primarily, this research aimed to appraise and discover how a 21st-century Filipino object owner collocates meaning with digital artifacts and identify what cultural underpinnings influence the affinity with these things. Two novel ideas in contemporary archaeology were utilized in this study: (1) auto-archaeology, a method of employing archaeological analysis on one's objects, and; (2) archaeogaming, which treats digitally constructed objects as artifacts (Reindhard, 2018). Using these postmodern perspectives, I conducted an auto-archaeology of my collection of digital artifacts from the game Tears of Themis (COGNOSPHERE, 2020) and aimed to unearth a retelling of my recent past as a posthuman Filipino. Informed largely by Ellersdorfer's (2021) autoethnographic archaeology and Woods' (2022) gacha game discourse, my case study involved extracting memories from select pieces from my collection of digital artifacts. Findings reveal that not only can these objects reconstruct their distinct semiotic context through the game design, story of acquisition, and in-game usage but also deconstruct off-game contexts that are personally attached by an individual owner to its immateriality through perception and affective embedding. In so doing, the digital artifacts amplify the different voices inscribed within each artifact in its decontextualized form as a unit in a rhizomatic network of digital objects.

Evaluation of a didactic sequence proposal based on technoteaching applied in basic education

Faced with the problem of expository classes contributing little to student learning, a Didactic Sequence (SD) proposal was developed that promotes student protagonism in the construction of knowledge. The objective is to evaluate the proposal of this SD, based on the theoretical assumptions of Technoteaching, in view of the development of Digital Authorial Educational Materials (MADEs), making use of a digital technological artifact by Basic Education students. The intervention research, based on Design Based Learning (DBR), analyzed the application of two SD linked to Statistics and English Language content with students in the 2nd year of High School and the 5th year of Elementary School, respectively, based on the predicted SD model. It was found that the proposal was favorable in terms of quality, promoting the learning of the students involved.

A Federated Distributed Digital Forensic Readiness Model for the Cloud

Digital forensics in modern, cloud-based, microservice-based applications are complicated by multiple layers of abstraction, thereby making it difficult to accurately capture and correlate events that occur across these layers due to filtering caused by abstraction. The complexities linked to each layer of abstraction are primarily invisible to subsequent layers. Similarly, software services are often composed of one or more services provided by various service providers across the globe. Investigators are often faced with situations where breaches span over multiple service provider boundaries where not all digital forensic readiness evidence artefacts are captured by the service provider's forensic readiness processes. Instead, digital evidence artefacts are scattered across multiple service provider domains. This paper presents a novel, federated distributed digital forensic readiness model suitable for use in software-as-service, platform-as-service and infrastructure-as-service provider scenarios. The proposed model enables a service provider to capture and inspect forensic readiness artefacts in environments with various layers of abstraction. More importantly, the model also offers a way to share and access forensic readiness artefacts in a forensically sound manner to ultimately ensure that investigators can obtain a clear view of digital forensic events as they occur between amalgamated services provided by one or more separate service providers.

Design with Simon's Inner and Outer Environments: Theoretical Foundations for Design Science Research Methods for Digital Science

Design science research has traditionally been applied to complex real-world problems to produce an artifact to address such problems. Although design science research efforts have been applied traditionally to business or related problems, there is a large set of problems in the area of digital science that also require important, digital artifacts. The digitalization of science has resulted in the need to develop essential, specialized, devices and software before it is feasible for scientists to carry out their work. This research examines digital science to identify its challenges and demonstrate how it can be possible to progress digital science with design science research, thereby establishing digital science as an important area of transdisciplinary inquiry. These areas of research are examined for their synergies and explained by positioning artifact development challenges with respect to Simon's inner and outer environments and the interface between them.

Trends, Challenges and Opportunities of Engaging Digital Forensics for Cybercrime Investigations

The use of digital forensic tools and techniques has continued to evolve as the security community makes efforts to stay ahead and mitigate cyber crimes. These tools and techniques are assisting cybersecurity experts and law enforcement in identifying fraudsters and protecting data by utilizing techniques such as digital traces left by data processing and storage. This paper identifies the peculiarities of digital forensics as a field of study, explores trends, challenges and opportunities presented by digital forensic tools in investigating cyber crimes. We carried out a systematic literature review of applicable tools and techniques. Our research identified challenges affecting the use of digital forensics in investigating cybercrime, and capture comprehensively the pulse of the domain. Recommendations were made that digital forensics lack a unified formal representation of standardized procedures and knowledge for analyzing and gathering digital artifacts. This inevitably causes incompatibility and conflict within various digital forensics tools. This leads to errors in the interpretation and analysis of digital artifacts due to lack of standardized or formalized procedure for analyzing, preserving, and collecting digital evidence is absent. Keywords: Cybercrimes, Police, Cyber Security, Challenges, Techniques