Digital Archives Research Articles

Edge highlighting with depth-dependent opacity gradation of laser-scanned point clouds improves the accuracy of perceived depth in transparent multi-view 3D visualizations

There is an activity called "digital archiving" in which cultural property is digitized for preservation and utilization, and transparent visualization using 3D point clouds is a valuable tool for understanding the complex internal structure of cultural property. However, when 3D data is transparently visualized, depth information may become unclear. In this paper, we investigated whether the depth perception of transparently visualized 3D objects can be improved by highlighting the 3D edges of the structures and adjusting the opacity of the edges according to the depth. In order to verify the effect of the depth-dependent 3D edges, we conducted a psychophysical experiment in which subjects were asked to report the magnitude of perceived depth for 3D structures of two cultural properties using a multi-view 3D display. The perceived depth was smaller than the simulated depth under all conditions. However, the opacity adjustment in edge highlighting mitigated the depth underestimation from an average of 69.4 to 35.5%. These results indicate that edge highlighting with opacity adjusted according to depth improves the accuracy of the perceived depth of 3D structures of cultural property visualized transparently.Graphical abstract

A CHALLENGING TASK FOR JOURNALISM HISTORIANS: THE CULTURAL TURN AND THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE OTTOMAN/TURKISH PRESS

This article critically evaluates the historiography of the Ottoman/Turkish press and seeks to shed light on the debates in journalism history triggered by James Carey's call for a “cultural history of journalism.” It argues that participating in these debates is crucial at a time when the history of journalism is on the cusp of a ‘digital turn’. For the first time since the early 20th century, the development of digital archives and the technologies that support them has significantly increased global interest in the history of journalism. The widespread use of digital archives will gradually transform the narrative of scarcity into one of abundance. Nonetheless, transforming this interest into a productive process of historical knowledge production requires researchers to rethink their epistemic relationship with the Ottoman press. This article argues that the ‘digital turn’ offers a crucial opportunity to add new pieces to the history of Ottoman journalism. However, for these pieces to coalesce, journalism historians must take the previously neglected path of the ‘cultural turn’.

Digitalization for family documents: Improving awareness of digital archives using Google Drive for facing industry 4.0

It is necessary to understand digital-based family document management through training activities provided to the women's community in Sukodono-Sidoarjo. The aim of this program is to increase awareness of digital-based family document management in the era of technology 4.0 by providing lectures and practice of digital family archiving using Google Drive to mothers who have direct contact with managing documents in the family. This Community Service adopts experimental research with a quasi-experiment model, one group pretest-posttest design, where the level of success of the program can be seen from the increase in the training participants' abilities as shown by the results of the N-Gain Test calculation through Pretest and Posttest, affective scores, and psychomotor scores each participant. The results show that the digital-based family document management training agenda using Google Drive was effectively implemented by all participants based on the cognitive, affective and psychomotor aspects of this training. The effectiveness of this training has implications for increasing public awareness of digital archives for family documents owned by all participants, where this awareness is aimed at the use of digital public services in Sidoarjo. The use of the digital public service agenda promoted by the Government is an effort to increase SDGS 9 achievements in the indicator of the proportion of the population served by mobile broadband. Thus, the better prepared the community is to support digital public services, the higher the SDGs 9 score in a region/region.

Digital Archives as Resisting Displacement

Abstract Amid wider concern about the emergence of vast data archives that document and instrumentalize everyday user activities for the purpose of marketing, research, and governance, this article turns to a series of creative and activist initiatives that preserve heterodox internet histories. Though a focus on three case studies—artistic engagements with GeoCities, traces left by Indymedia in contemporary activism, and emerging ethical frameworks for reusing social media data—the article examines the political and ethical significance of attempts to archive specific instances of participatory online cultures before these cultures disappear. Drawing from and advancing Jodi Dean's conception of displaced mediators, or entities that set in motion the forces that ultimately displace them, the article argues that the significance of these digital archives is in their capacity to resist linear, commercial logics of displacement that attempt to narrow user agency. Instead, the article argues, creative and activist engagements with digital archives generate questions about whether the infrastructures that govern everyday online interactions could be otherwise, through showing how they formerly have been otherwise.

The Second Installment of Arthur Lee's "Suppressed" Antislavery Essay, the Public Sphere, and the Digital Archive

Abstract: This article transcribes and places in context the previously unidentified second portion of Arthur Lee's 1767 antislavery classic, "Address on the Abolition of Slavery and Retrieval of Specie in Virginia" (referred to by previous scholars as "Address on Slavery"). The second portion confirms that Lee's address, published under the pseudonym "Philanthropos," was part of a Virginia effort to end the slave trade, and it also demonstrates that Lee operated as part of a distinct, racist, Virginian antislavery tradition. The Quaker antislavery activist Anthony Benezet, who republished the first part of Lee's essay, belonged to a more humanitarian antislavery tradition; he probably read but kept silent about the essay's second portion, largely accounting for why historians have not known about it. Three additional newspaper essays inspired by Lee's, along with the previously unstudied Pennsylvania Chronicle subscription book for 1767, illuminate print culture in the 1760s and suggest that, so far as it concerned slavery, a coherent printed public sphere did not then exist. Finally, this article argues that the use of digital search tools, which revealed these previously unknown sources, creates an epistemologically distinct view of the past because searching and browsing are fundamentally different ways of acquiring information.

Archives beyond the Human

Abstract This article reflects on what it might mean to think about archives “beyond” the human, specifically in relation to animals and their archives. Interdisciplinary and disciplinary “animal turns” have brought animals into social science and humanities spaces—as both subjects and collaborators. In archival research and studies, encounters with animals, and more broadly nonhumans, both complicate and extend contemporary debates: on how we research in the archives, on ethics and politics, and even on what constitutes an archive. Drawing from three different case studies from its author's research with historical animals—in a traditional archive, in the digital archive, and in a speculative archive—the article reflects on some of these contemporary debates to ask how we might meaningfully extend archives beyond the human.

The ‘pre-Shakespearean’ balcony and outdoor spaces from the European sources to Romeo and Juliet

This article shows how the balcony scene has been represented in Romeo and Juliet's narrative sources and how it has been treated by Shakespeare and on seventeenth- and eighteenth-century stages. It focuses on the absence of any balcony in Shakespeare's play and on the actual presence of a balcony in one of the Italian indirect sources of the play, Luigi Da Porto's novella; it also explores how all the spatial, gender, and power connotations of the balcony have been ‘translated’ from the sources to Shakespeare, where they are conveyed by the use of a ‘window’ and an ‘orchard’. The article shows how, thanks to the SENS: Shakespeare's Narrative Sources: Italian Novellas and their European Dissemination digital archive a comparison of multiple texts at a time, focusing on the words ‘balcony’, ‘window’, ‘garden’, and ‘orchard’, favours the investigation of the way in which these liminal spaces are represented.

Re-membering Blackness: Digital Archives, Collective Memory, and a University’s Black History

abstract: The Re-membering Blackness Digital Archive at the University of Scranton shares the university’s racial story as part of a campus-wide initiative devoted to reconciliation and collective memory. By bringing together archival records on Black history in a thematic digital collection, the project presents a corrective lens through which the university community transformed its understanding of the historical Black experience on campus and considered how this history reverberates in the present. The initiative contributes to a growing collection of institutional research projects on African American history and the legacies of slavery and racism in higher education. This article considers the metaphor of archives as memory within critical archival literature, and it examines the relationship between archives and collective memory in the context of the University of Scranton’s initiative to recover Black memory.

POLA PENGELOLAAN ARSIP DIGITAL DALAM MENDUKUNG KEMAMPUAN ORGANISASI DI DPUPRPKP KOTA MALANG

The development of advanced information technology can make it easier for every agency to manage important documents. Archives are one of the important documents that must be managed by archivists, which will later be used as accountability materials. The development of information technology has given rise to various archival systems. Archives that are stored electronically can make it easier for archive users to fulfil their information needs. The method used in this research is a qualitative research method with data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation techniques obtained from informants involved in digital archive management activities carried out by DPUPRPKP Malang City. The existence of electronic archives can affect the effectiveness of organisations in carrying out archive management, archive maintenance, and archive shrinkage. The theory used in this research is the record continuum. The record continuum theory is a model of archive management with control through the system from the time the archive is created until the archive can be accessed by the public. The purpose of this research is to describe the digital archive pattern in supporting organisational effectiveness at DPUPRPKP Malang City and describe the obstacles found in the digital archive management pattern in supporting organisational effectiveness at DPUPRPKP Malang City.

Postcolonial (Neo-)Victorianism and the (Digital) Archive: A Response to Adrian S. Wisnicki’s “The Meaning of Undisciplining the Victorian Classroom”

Postcolonial (Neo-)Victorianism and the (Digital) Archive: A Response to Adrian S. Wisnicki’s “The Meaning of Undisciplining the Victorian Classroom”

The Vital Role of Libraries in Enriching Tourism Experiences

The article gives a detailed account on how libraries play a crucial role in enriching tourism. Libraries are key companions of tourists trying to delve into the places they visit. Through a mix of materials, services, programs and expert support, libraries allow tourist to relish the history, culture and attractions found at their destinations thus making travelling an enriching and memorable experience. With guidebooks and maps to digital archives and cultural events, there are many ways tourists can get involved with the world around them as they set off on meaningful journeys of discovery from one country to another. In addition to being custodians of knowledge and promoters of art, libraries enhance the quality of experiences in various parts of the world. By acknowledging the contribution that libraries make to tourism industry while backing its efforts towards educating office people who travel such as travelers that were engaged by it can help ensure that upcoming generations will still gain from this invaluable assistance made by them into traveling for future use.

Enhancing access to missionary archives: the role of digital libraries and online repositories

Purpose The purpose of the paper is to explore how digital libraries and online repositories enhance access to missionary archives. It investigates how the digitalization of missionary archives fosters the access, searchability, interactivity, dissemination and preservation of the historical and cultural knowledge of missionary documents and legacies. The selected topic stems from a genuine and deeply ingrained desire and interest to explore the digital archiving landscape, majorly in the context of missionary archives. Design/methodology/approach The study relied heavily on the literature review of the most current scholarly articles. Additionally, the study relied on case studies on missionary institutions and churches that rely on technology to digitize missionary archives and online repositories to make them accessible. Generally, reliance on scholarly articles relevant to the topic was an avenue for examining the existing studies and projects affiliated with digitizing and using missionary archives. Findings Missionary archives and records provide a distinct perspective regarding the realities faced by missionaries and indigenous populations. Digital libraries and online repositories are invaluable and instrumental in improving access to missionary archives. They help users overcome physical barriers while supporting the preservation of fragile materials. Additionally, the digitization efforts of various institutions foster the broader dissemination of missionary records. Digital platforms and online repositories foster collaborative research globally in remote settings. Online repositories are instrumental in enhancing access to missionary archives. They achieve this by providing centralized access points to digitalized collections of historical documents, photographs, manuscripts and artifact. Major challenges include substantial costs affiliated with digitization, environmental factors heightening degradation of the original materials and intellectual property dictations and copyright. Originality/value By using scholarly and authoritative sources of information and evidence, the study contributes to the existing literature by providing insights into the instrumentalism of digital libraries and online repositories to enhance access to missionary archives. There should be comprehensive digitization, adherence to preservation standards, commitment to stakeholder engagement and collaborative decision-making.

The Last Bastion of European Romanticism: A Quantitative Analysis of Poetry in the Romanian Literary Magazine <em>Convorbiri literare</em> (1867–1916)

The article presents a quantitative analysis of poetry published in the most popular literary periodical of modern Romania, Convorbiri literare (CL), from its founding in 1867 to 1916, when Romania entered World War I. Often seen as the last major magazine of European Romanticism, CL appeared at a time when poetry was a privileged genre in Romanian literature, and it hosted in its pages both the national poet Mihai Eminescu and nineteenth-century’s most prominent Romanian literary critic Titu Maiorescu. Arguing that the publication and theorization of poetry was an integral part of one of the last nation-building processes in Europe, the article indexes and quantitatively analyzes all forms of poetry and of what can be viewed as poetic networks in CL. By using ARCANUM’s digital archive of more than 66,000 pages of CL, three strata of poetry-related metadata are extracted and examined: the local production of poetry (who published in CL and when, and how much did they publish); poetry imports (whose poetry was translated into Romanian in CL and when, and what were the authors’ origins); and networks of influence (which foreigners were most often mentioned in relation to the two most talked-about Romanian Romantic poets of the century, Eminescu and Vasile Alecsandri). Thus, the article aims to chart the national regime of relevance that applies to Romanian modern poetry by uncovering the international network of authors who were at the center of literary debates in CL.

Pelatihan Transformasi Digital Arsip di Desa Darmaji Menggunakan Google Drive

Darmaji Village is a village located in Kopang District, Central Lombok Regency, where the village office has a central role in managing administrative affairs and community services. However, archive management in Darmaji Village still uses conventional methods that are vulnerable to the risk of damage and loss of documents. As a solution, the pengabdi took the initiative to conduct digital archive transformation training using Google Drive to help village officials manage archives more efficiently. The methods used in this service training include observation, interviews, socialization, and training. The results of this activity showed a significant increase in the ability of the participants, where the pretest results showed 88.9% of the 9 participants could not operate Google Drive as a digital archive, while the posttest results showed 100% of the participants were able to operate Google Drive properly. With the application of this technology, it is expected that archive management in Darmaji Village will become more effective, efficient, and secure, and will be able to encourage the implementation of digital technology in various aspects of village administration

Analyzing semantic shifts in English and German by exploring historical influences and societal dynamics

This research examines the mechanisms of semantic change in English and German, focusing on comparing and contrasting these processes across the two languages and investigating the influence of major historical events and societal shifts. By utilizing digital text corpora, libraries, archives, and modern digital media, the study conducts qualitative analyses, including case studies and discourse analysis, to explore semantic evolution. Thematic analysis was employed to thoroughly examine and interpret the data, allowing for the identification of recurring patterns, themes, and significant insights. The results showed that both English and German undergo significant semantic shifts driven by a metaphorical extension (i.e., narrowing or broadening of meanings, pejoration and amelioration, frequency and pathway of change, cultural and historical influences) and historical events and societal shifts that influence semantic change (i.e., wars and conflicts, industrialization, technological advancement, globalization, and cultural exchange, societal movements, and ideological shifts). The role of metaphorical extension is seen in adapting language to technological advancements while highlighting linguistic evolution through narrowing and broadening meanings influenced by cultural, historical, and linguistic factors. Additionally, pejoration and amelioration reflect societal changes and attitudes. Historical events and societal shifts, such as wars, industrialization, technological advancements, globalization, and social movements, significantly impact semantic changes in both English and German. These external influences catalyze language use and meaning shifts, illustrating the interaction between language and human experience.

History Uploaded: Digital Archives After Thirty Years of Democracy

ABSTRACT This article provides an overview of digital archival projects and online databases developed by scholars and archival practitioners in South Africa since the early 1990s. It sketches key shifts in theory and practice over this period, including the economic and practical perils of digital conservation as heritage and of increasing civic archival activism. It shows that the outlook, aims, and successes of these projects have changed in tune with shifts in the state’s archival legislation, changing publishing economics, decreasing cost of digitisation and equipment, and widening access to the internet. Recent archival projects, such as the Five Hundred Year Archive and EMANDULO Project, illustrate a pioneering trend in South African digital archival practice and are suggestive of the formation of a distinct digital epistemic culture. The article argues that South African scholars and archival practitioners have often been at the forefront of key turns in debates taking place in digital archival practice globally and in Africa.

The right to be forgotten concerning the criminal past: Developments in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights with particular reference to the anonymisation of digital press archives

Do offenders have a right “to be forgotten”? What is the content of this right, and against whom can it be exercised? These questions have become more pressing with the irruption of new information and communication technologies, which entail a new risk of perpetuating a virtual criminal record. The growing role of the digital archives of the press has led some jurisdictions to adopt different measures to anonymise or de-reference personal data. The Strasbourg Court, historically reluctant to accept any interference with the initial publication of personal data concerning convicted offenders, has recently dealt with the compatibility of different measures involving the anonymisation or de-indexing of news articles in the digital archives. This contribution describes these recent legal developments, focusing on the criteria developed by Strasbourg to assess the legitimacy of anonymisation measures adopted by States in response to right-to-be-forgotten requests against the media.

Digitisasi arsip dan doktrin religius pada komunitas Kristen Mormon

Introduction. This research examines two questions: first, what is the relationship between archive digitalization and religious doctrines within the Mormon Christian Community? Second, how do these implications affect the interpretation of archival spirituality? The Mormon Christian Community has developed archival institutions as one of the early organizational units and established the world's largest digital genealogical archive site. This site is open and accessible to anyone. However, studies on the connection between archive digitalization and Mormon religious doctrines are still relatively scarce. Data Collection Methods. The research used a qualitative method based on archival research and was conducted in Indonesia from July to October 2022. Data Analysis. The researchers used technical data analysis techniques such as selection, reduction, categorization, and conceptualization. Results and Discussion. The familysearch.org site is a digital genealogical archive portal developed by the Mormon Christian Community. This portal evidences that archival spirituality within this community encompasses the comprehensive management of archives legitimized and oriented toward religious doctrines. Conclusion. Archive digitalization is a part of sacred practices. In this context, archival spirituality occurs as archive management receives legitimacy and orientation from religious doctrines. Therefore, religious communities can advance archive digitalization by employing religious doctrines as a basis.

Application of Smart Model in the Analysis of Opera Heritage Archiving and Protection

Objective: Opera Heritage in China is a rich and diverse cultural tradition passed down through generations. Today, Opera Heritage remains an essential part of Chinese culture and is celebrated through performances, festivals, and other cultural events. Efforts are being made to preserve and promote Opera Heritage through innovative technologies and approach such as digital archives, virtual reality, and community-based heritage management. Analysis: In this study, we suggested the SMART model that seeks to integrate these technologies and approaches into the preservation and promotion of Opera Heritage, ensuring that this rich cultural tradition can be enjoyed by future generations. We employed an ‘opera heritage’ using the Smart model in this study. In this research, "Smart Heritage" was defined as heritage experiences that used the word "Smart Heritage" or "similar terms" to describe the smart model. Findings: Opera Heritage analysis paid close attention to cutting-edge tools to record developments that showcase technical independence. Due to language barriers, this article could only interpret a clear convergence between SMART and opera heritage protection. For China's Opera Heritage to be properly archived and protected, a holistic and cooperative strategy that incorporates cutting-edge technologies and community-based heritage management practises are essential. Conclusion:Innovating technologies such as virtual reality and digital archives have been employed in efforts to promote and preserve China's rich Opera Heritage. This study emphasises the necessity for an extensive strategy for the efficient preservation and protection of Opera Heritage and suggests the SMART model to incorporate these methods. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2024-05-02-09 Full Text: PDF

Enhancing accessibility and discoverability of digital archive images through automated image recognition tool

This research paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of Imagga and Google cloud vision application programming interface (API) as image recognition tools for generating metadata in digital archive images. The assessment encompasses a diverse range of archive images, including those without text, images with text, and both color and black-and-white images. Through the use of evaluation metrics such as cosine similarity, word overlap similarity, recall, precision, and F1 score, the performance of these tools is quantitatively measured. The findings highlight the strong individual performance of both Imagga and Google cloud vision API, with the combined metadata outputs achieving significantly higher scores across all metrics. This emphasizes the potential benefits of employing a combined approach, leveraging the strengths of multiple tools to enhance the reliability and robustness of the metadata extraction process. The findings contribute to the advancement of metadata management in digital archives and underscore the importance of utilizing multiple tools for improved performance in image metadata generation.