Force For Diffusion Research Articles

Synergistic Effect of Multi-field Force on Condensable Particulate Matter Properties and Behavior in Flue Gas: A Case Study in a Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Plant

At present, filterable particulate matter (FPM) emissions from stable source flue gases are well controlled, and the more difficult to remove condensable particulate matter (CPM) has received much attention due to its environmental hazards. In this study, we built a cold electrode electrostatic precipitator (CE-ESP) and systematically investigated the removal efficiency of CPM from municipal solid waste incineration plant flue gas by CE-ESP under three different operating modes. The results showed that hydrocarbons, esters and aromatic compounds were the main organic substances in CPM. The CE-ESP had a significant contribution to the removal of SO42–, F–, Al, Ni, Cr, and Pb from CPM. In contrast, it had a less effective removal of NO3– and Ca in CPM. The CE-ESP was effective for removing esters in CPM. The removal efficiency of CE-ESP for CPM could reach 76%, and the removal efficiency of organic substance was higher than that of inorganic substance. It is demonstrated that the combination of thermophoretic force and electric field in CE-ESP intensifies the turbulent agglomeration process, and the diffusion force generated by the concentration field synergistically enhances the interparticle coagulation and agglomeration. This promotes the homogeneous condensation process of CPM and the heterogeneous condensation of CPM and FPM, which is conducive to the reduction of condensable particulate matter in flue gas and can provide a theoretical basis for practical application in engineering.

Investigation of reversible histone acetylation and dynamics in gene expression regulation using 3D liver spheroid model

BackgroundThree-dimensional (3D) cell culture has emerged as an alternative approach to 2D flat culture to model more accurately the phenotype of solid tissue in laboratories. Culturing cells in 3D more precisely recapitulates physiological conditions of tissues, as these cells reduce activities related to proliferation, focusing their energy consumption toward metabolism and homeostasis.ResultsHere, we demonstrate that 3D liver spheroids are a suitable system to model chromatin dynamics and response to epigenetics inhibitors. To delay necrotic tissue formation despite proliferation arrest, we utilize rotating bioreactors that apply active media diffusion and low shearing forces. We demonstrate that the proteome and the metabolome of our model resemble typical liver functions. We prove that spheroids respond to sodium butyrate (NaBut) treatment, an inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACi), by upregulating histone acetylation and transcriptional activation. As expected, NaBut treatment impaired specific cellular functions, including the energy metabolism. More importantly, we demonstrate that spheroids reestablish their original proteome and transcriptome, including pre-treatment levels of histone acetylation, metabolism, and protein expression once the standard culture condition is restored after treatment. Given the slow replication rate (> 40 days) of cells in 3D spheroids, our model enables to monitor the recovery of approximately the same cells that underwent treatment, demonstrating that NaBut does not have long-lasting effects on histone acetylation and gene expression. These results suggest that our model system can be used to quantify molecular memory on chromatin.ConclusionTogether, we established an innovative cell culture system that can be used to model anomalously decondensing chromatin in physiological cell growth and rule out epigenetics inheritance if cells recover the original phenotype after treatment. The transient epigenetics effects demonstrated here highlight the relevance of using a 3D culture model system that could be very useful in studies requiring long-term drug treatment conditions that would not be possible using a 2D cell monolayer system.

Experimental investigation of tunnel temperature field and smoke spread under the influence of a slow moving train with a fire in the carriage

A series of model tests were carried out in a 1/10 reduced-scale single-tunnel double-track railway tunnel model to simulate the fire scenario of the on-fire train moving slowly in the tunnel with speeds less than 20 km/h. The influence of the piston wind generated by the slow moving train on the smoke movement was discussed, the relation between the HRR of the fire source in the carriage and the train speed was analyzed, the temperature variation characteristics of the vault and the smoke diffusion law in the tunnel were studied when the on-fire train was moving slowly. The results show that the piston wind speed increases nonlinearly with the increase of the train speed, but the piston wind speed generated by the slow moving train is no more than 10% of the train speed and the main driving force of smoke diffusion is buoyancy. Moreover, the combustion process of the fire source in the slowly moving carriage can be divided into three stages, the heat release rate of the fire source in the carriage decreases with the increase of train speed in the stable combustion stage. Besides, the temperature rising process of tunnel vault also includes three stages, the maximum temperature rising in the fire control stage accounts for 44.2% of the total temperature rising. The smoke accumulation stage is the main period of temperature rising in the tunnel, the temperature rising accounts for more than 94% of the total temperature rising when the model train speed reaches 0.6 m/s.

Effect of natural convection and diffusion on liquid-liquid phase separation behaviors of partially miscible solutions with lower critical solution temperature

Partially miscible solutions with lower critical solution temperature (LCST) have significant potential in improving the cooling performance of microchannel heat sinks, reducing pressure drop, and ensuring stable operation of the cooling system. Thereby, it is essential and meaningful to clearly understand the liquid-liquid phase separation process driven by natural convection and diffusion to enhance the cooling performance in microchannels further. In this paper, the liquid-liquid phase separation behaviors of 2-Butoxyethanol/water solutions in a slit cavity were visually investigated. Moreover, the effect of driven force was discussed on the temperature distribution, motion of boundaries and phase separation rate. Furthermore, the effect of the mass fraction was discussed on the phase separation temperature range and phase separation rate. The results proved that the phase separation rate was kept at 0.39%·s−1 on average in the whole slit cavity by the natural convection, whereas the driving force of diffusion was so weak that the phase separation rate rapidly decreased along the vertical direction. That means reasonable enhancements of the disturbance in the microchannel could significantly increase the phase separation rate. Moreover, the phase separation rate increased with an increase in the mass fraction, and the solution with the best cooling performance could be found at 27.4%≤ω2-BE≤35%. The results are expected to provide theoretical guidance to prepare solutions with suitable phase separation temperature range and excellent cooling performance.

Enhanced water permeance and EDCs rejection using a UiO-66-NH2-predeposited polyamide membrane

Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) have been increasingly detected in drinking water sources, and pose severe threat to human health. Polyamide (PA) based nanofiltration (NF) membrane has great potential for EDCs removal from water, but the removal of hydrophobic EDCs is not satisfying due to strong hydrophobic affinity. In this study, UiO-66-NH2/PA membranes were prepared by predepositing hydrophilic UiO-66-NH2 onto the substrate prior to interfacial polymerization. The UiO-66-NH2 aggregates increased the permeable area and strengthened the “gutter effect”. Therefore, the pure water flux of UiO-66-NH2/PA increased by 115% compared with that of the thin-film composite (TFC) membrane, and its rejection of Na2SO4 was 96%. The hydrophilicity-enhanced PA film reduced its adsorption of EDCs and decreased the driving force for EDCs diffusion. Moreover, the UiO-66-NH2-induced hydrophilic nanochannels, including the interfacial gaps between PA film and UiO-66-NH2 aggregates, the gaps in UiO-66-NH2 aggregates, and the inherent pores in UiO-66-NH2 crystals, alleviated the hydrophobic affinity and effectively restricted EDCs diffusion. The rejection rates of methylparaben, propylparaben, bisphenol A, and benzylparaben by the optimal UiO-66-NH2/PA were 50%, 67%, 75%, and 85%, respectively, and the water/benzylparaben selectivity was 4.4 times as high as that of TFC. The results demonstrate that incorporating hydrophilic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can improve the membrane hydrophilicity and create hydrophilic nanochannels, and is an effective strategy to enhance EDCs removal by nanofiltration.

Thermo-kinetic connectivity by integrating thermo-kinetic correlation and generalized stability

• A negative driving force integrating strain energy, interface energy and any kind of energy that inhibits phase transformations was proposed. • Unified expressions of thermo-kinetic correlation and generalized stability were derived for different types of phase transformation. • A thermo-kinetic connectivity was achieved by similar thermo-kinetic correlation and generalized stability between phase transformations and plastic deformations. • A criterion of high driving force-high generalized stability was discussed to achieve structural materials with excellent strength-plasticity combinations. Designing structured materials with optimized mechanical properties generally focuses on engineering microstructures, which are closely determined by the processing routes, such as phase transformations (PTs) and plastic deformations (PDs). Both PTs and PDs follow inherent trade-off relation between thermodynamic driving force Δ G and kinetic energy barrier Q , i.e., so-called thermo-kinetic correlation. By analyzing nucleation and growth and proposing a conception of negative driving force integrating strain energy, interface energy and any kind of energy that equivalently inhibits the PT itself, Δ G S , unified expressions for the thermo-kinetic correlation and generalized stability (GS) were derived for three kinds of PTs, i.e., diffusive PTs with simultaneously decreased Δ G and increased Q , diffusive PTs with simultaneously increased Δ G and decreased Q , and displacive PTs with simultaneously increased Δ G and decreased Q . This leads to so-called thermo-kinetic connectivity by integrating the thermo-kinetic correlation and the GS, where, by application in typical PTs, it was clearly shown, a criterion of high Δ G -high GS can be predicted by modulating chemical driving force, negative driving force and kinetic energy barrier for diffusion or nucleation. Following thermo-kinetic connectivity, analogous procedure for dislocation evolution upon PDs was performed, and materials design in terms of the high Δ G -high GS criterion was discussed and prospected.

A Numerical Intuition of Activation Energy in Transient Micropolar Nanofluid Flow Configured by an Exponentially Extended Plat Surface with Thermal Radiation Effects

In recent times, heat and mass transportation have had some of the most recognized and attractive research areas in computational fluid dynamics. It is useful in the modeling of the flow of nuclear reactors, bioinformatics, the medical discipline, etc. Driven by the execution of the flow in the manufacturing application, the goal of the present analysis is to explore the novel effect of micropolar fluid configured by an exponentially elongated sheet positioned horizontally in a porous channel. The impact of activation energy, internal heating, and heat and mass transfer features are integrated into the revised flow model. A mathematical framework for different flow fields is developed in order to highlight the significant aspects of the thermal and concentration slip effects evaluated on the extended plat surface, with the aid of appropriate transformation factors to diminish the nonlinear fundamental flow equations (PDEs) to a system of (ODEs). Precise numerical treatment for a wide range of pertinent parameters is adopted to solve the nonlinear system through a built-in algorithm in the MATHEMATICA platform. The features of prominent emerging parameters against various flow fields are viewed and addressed through plotted visuals. The influence of the factors on skin friction, heat, and mass coefficients offered through 3D animation is evaluated. The temperature profile improves with ascending values of Brownian parameter and thermophoretic diffusion force but diminishes with subject expansions in Prandtl number and thermal slip parameter. It has been noticed that the concentration outlines increase for reaction rate and activation energy parameters but dwindle for expending values of porosity parameter, Lewis number, and concentration slip parameter. Skin fraction values increase due to the growing nature of the micropolar and second-grade fluid parameters. Nusselt numbers upsurge for increasing thermophoretic diffusion parameters while exhibiting a declining trend for Brownian motion parameters.

The dynamics of growth and distribution in a spatially heterogeneous world

Distributional extensions of the benchmark AK endogenous growth model and of the Ramsey model are presented in this paper. The resulting geographic growth model - a forward-backward parabolic partial differential equation (PDE) over a bounded spatial domain - is governed by two main driving forces: a spatial friction in the reallocation of physical capital, and a spatial arbitrage driving the reallocation of savings. The spatial AK model solution, starting from an unequal distribution of capital, displays convergence over time to a spatially homogeneous balanced growth path with positive growth rates. The spatial Ramsey model potentially contains both diffusive and agglomerative spatial forces. If there are no agglomerative forces, the solution displays convergence to a spatially homogenous steady state, but if an agglomerative force exists, there is increasing spatial concentration of capital over time. This shows that convergence in the aggregate can be consistent with different distribution profiles over locations. An additional contribution of the paper is to develop a distributive comparative dynamics analysis for a spatially heterogeneous productivity shock. It is shown that, although there is redistribution of consumption across locations, technological inequality is persistent.

Simulation and Experimental Investigation of the Vacuum-Enhanced Direct Membrane Distillation Driven by a Low-Grade Heat Source.

Vacuum-enhanced direct contact membrane distillation (VEDCMD) has been proven experimentally to improve the permeate flux, compared with direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). However, the theoretical mechanism for its transmembrane transfer process has not been revealed sufficiently. In this paper, with full consideration of the different driving forces of diffusion and Poiseuille flow under the vacuum enhancing condition, a theoretical transmembrane model for mass and heat transfer in VEDCMD is proposed. The CFD model and experimental platform are established to verify the theoretical model. The simulated results agree with the experimental data well, and nearly 200% improvement of the permeate flux is obtained when the permeate pressure drops to 30 kPa. The flow fields of the flow along the membrane surface are obtained and analyzed, with good consistency in the variation of the permeate flux. Since all the parameters of the proposed model are independent of the operating condition, the model is much easier for use and has better adaptability to fluctuating operating conditions.

(Fe,Mn)3AlCx κ-carbide formation and characterization in pack aluminization of Fe–29Mn–9Al–0.9C lightweight steel

The Fe–Mn–Al–C lightweight steel has been widely studied due to its higher strength-to-weight ratio and potential applications for automotive vehicles, energy, transportation and mining industries. In general, the strength and ductility of the Fe–Mn–Al–C lightweight steel can be improved by the formation of nano-sized (Fe,Mn)3AlCx κ-carbide precipitates by a proper heat treatment below 800 °C. In this work, a unique micrometer scale κ-carbide phase transformation phenomenon induced by the pack aluminization in the Fe–29Mn–9Al–0.9C lightweight steel was firstly reported.Extremely large columnar-like (Fe,Mn)3AlCx κ-carbide grains with average length of 18.1 μm embedded in the Fe3Al matrix were discovered in the interdiffusion zone of aluminization layer, which were totally different from these nanoscale κ-carbides precipitated in the austenitic steel matrix. The increased Al content in the pack aluminide coating/substrate interface reduced the chemical potential of carbon and became the driving force for carbon diffusion toward the coating/substrate interface. Therefore, due to the extremely low solubility of carbon in the Fe3Al phase and the inward diffusion of carbon atoms, very long columnar-like (Fe,Mn)3AlCx κ-carbide phases were thus produced in the interdiffusion zone. The average chemical concentration of the κ-carbide was 43.9Fe–27.3Mn–20.3Al–8.5 C (in at.%). The average hardness, elastic modulus and the lattice parameter of κ-carbide were 8.8 ± 0.3 GPa, 285 ± 10 GPa and 0.3764 nm, respectively. This study provided detailed chemical compositions, hardness and elastic modulus of (Fe,Mn)3AlCx κ-carbide phase for better understanding the carbide precipitation and strengthening mechanism of Fe–Mn–Al–C lightweight steel.

Hydrogen diffusion and precipitation under non-uniform stress in duplex zirconium nuclear fuel cladding investigated by high-resolution neutron imaging

With the rising burn-up of nuclear fuel rods, the influence of hydrogen is of great importance when considering formation of brittle hydrides and their potential to the detriment of the mechanical integrity of nuclear fuel cladding. This work presents investigations on hydrogen diffusion and hydride precipitation in an unirradiated duplex cladding in response to thermo-mechanical cycles, by using high-resolution neutron imaging in correlation with finite element stress computation and hydride metallography analysis. The results demonstrate that the external stress, depending on the specific distribution, can work reversely or synergistically with the material heterogeneity in hydrogen migration. The material heterogeneity is identified as the prevailing driving force for hydrogen diffusion, whereas the applied stress contributes to hydrogen field variation only locally. Hydride precipitation is found to be significantly restrained in compressed area. In the presence of tensile hoop stress, hydride reorientation-induced elevation 40∼60 wppm of hydrogen concentration is identified, which could be attributed to the precipitation temperature difference between the radial and circumferential hydrides.

Self-Detachment and Subsurface Densification of Dealloyed Nanoporous Thin Films.

Experiment shows thin films of dealloyed nanoporous gold (NPG) spontaneously detaching from massive gold base layers. NPG can also densify near its external surface. This is naturally reproduced by kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulation of dealloying and coarsening and so appears generic for nanoscale network materials evolving by surface diffusion. Near the porous layer’s external surface and near its interface with the base layer, gradients in the depth-profile of a laterally averaged mean surface curvature provide driving forces for diffusion and cause divergences of the net fluxes of matter, leading to accretion/densification or to erosion/disconnection. As a toy model, the morphology evolution of substrate-supported nanopillars by surface diffusion illustrates and confirms our considerations. Contrary to cylindrical nanowires, the ligaments in nanoporous materials exhibit pre-existing gradients in the mean curvature. The Plateau-Rayleigh long-wavelength stability criterion is then not applicable and the disconnection accelerated.

Quantifying political influence on COVID-19 fatality in Brazil.

The COVID-19 pandemic was severely aggravated in Brazil due to its politicization by the country’s federal government. However, the impact of diffuse political forces on the fatality of an epidemic is notoriously difficult to quantify. Here we introduce a method to measure this effect in the Brazilian case, based on the inhomogeneous distribution throughout the national territory of political support for the federal government. This political support is quantified by the voting rates in the last general election in Brazil. This data is correlated with the fatality rates by COVID-19 in each Brazilian state as the number of deaths grows over time. We show that the correlation between fatality rate and political support grows as the government’s misinformation campaign is developed. This led to the dominance of such political factor for the pandemic impact in Brazil in 2021. Once this dominance is established, this correlation allows for an estimation of the total number of deaths due to political influence as 350±70 thousand up to the end of 2021, corresponding to (57±11)% of the total number of deaths.

“The unstable layer of Confucian culture”—Several thoughts on “modern local history”

By quoting “The rites do not go down to the common folk, and punishments do not go up to the great officials,” Fu Sinian (1896–1950) discussed the class distinction in Confucian culture. Because Confucian classics were losing their practical power to guide the daily lives of the lower classes, the local society was left with a void at the ruling, ideological, and cultural levels, or what Fu referred to as “the unstable layer of Confucian culture.” When exploring the “unstable layer,” we must first admit that we do not know the “locale” well enough. If we start from a different perspective, our view of many things would probably change. There were many linking figures between the local society and the national stage, who spread the activities and information from the core area to the local area, thus changing the ideological atmosphere of the local society. Yet regarding the way information and knowledge flew, there was an upward diffusion force in addition to the top-down penetration. There was perhaps an omnipresent “signaling mechanism” at work in the silent local community. If we focus only on the overall historical framework, we tend to ignore the plurality and uniqueness of local societies, but we should not be confined to local views either, and the two should be viewed circumferentially and repeatedly in order to enrich our vision of research.

Reduced Order Models Derived from Perturbation Solutions and Applied to a Lithium Ion Intercalation Electrode

We derive and implement a new reduced order model (ROM1) based on a perturbation solution. We compare and contrast ROM1, which employs a single-particle model as the leading-order solution and involves the numerical analysis of a single, nonlinear partial differential equation describing diffusion by means of irreversible thermodynamics, wherein chemical-potential gradients are the driving forces for diffusion, with a simpler-to-implement but lower-accuracy perturbation solution, ROM0, which was derived by a similar procedure, and whose leading-order solution is that of dynamic equilibrium for the cell (D. R. Baker and M. W. Verbrugge, J. Electrochem. Soc., 168(2021)050526). ROM0, ROM1, and the full model all utilize the MSMR (multi-site, multi-reaction) formulation, which has been shown to yield accurate representations of the thermodynamics and reaction kinetics of many different electrode materials. We find ROM1 provides an accurate representation of the full model solution for an electric-vehicle cell over reasonable use cases.

Multiple Lines of Evidence for Estimating NSZD Rates Overlying a Shallow LNAPL Source Zone

AbstractQuantitative methods of monitoring natural source zone depletion (NSZD) via biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC) are required to investigate source zone longevity and guide long‐term management of PHC impacted sites. Vadose zone NSZD processes can be monitored using analysis of surficial CO2 effluxes, soil‐gas gradients, and thermal gradients. This study describes an applied research and development program conducted at a former refinery site over a 4‐year period (2015 to 2019) on quantitative technologies for evaluation of NSZD of PHC light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) present within a shallow soil zone. A multiyear study using discrete CO2 efflux measurements from dynamic closed chambers was compared with estimates obtained using static traps and continuous monitoring using forced diffusion (FD) technology. Thermistor strings along a transect were used to monitor hourly thermal gradients and assess NSZD rates using the temperature gradient method. Discrete soil‐gas data were used to quantify the vertical oxygen gradient to estimate NSZD rates using the concentration gradient method (CGM). Results of discrete and continuous monitoring methods provide estimates of monthly NSZD rates that range seasonally from 80 to 1300 US gal/acre/year using radiocarbon corrected CO2 efflux method for decane (C10H22) equivalent, 120 to 1600 US gal/acre/year using CGM (for wet to dry conditions) and 400 to 2000 US gal/acre/year using the temperature gradient method. Both seasonal temperature and precipitation fluctuations contribute to variability in rates. Continuous methods are shown to provide for improved resolution of temporal variability and seasonal estimates, although discrete methods provide for improved spatial quantification.

Metal foams as a gas diffusion layer in direct borohydride fuel cells

Renewable energy sources have become an important issue due to global warming and the diminishing of fossil fuel resources that have become a major problem for the world. Fuel cells are one of the most important renewable energy systems. The use of metal foams within the scope of commercialization and cost reduction of fuel cells attracts attention today. Metal foams are a material that provides excellent performance in many engineering applications, especially in fuel cells, thanks to the high permeability provided by the porous structure, narrow flow channels, large specific surface area, capillary, and diffusive forces. Among the metallic foams, the focus is on the use of aluminum foam, due to its low cost, superior strength, and thermal conductivity performance properties as well as ease of production. As an alternative to gas diffusion layers, the use of different metallic foam materials in fuel cell systems and performance improvements were analyzed. The use of aluminum foams as flow distributors and electrodes in the anode diffusion layer, which is one of the DBHYP components, provides significant increases in cell performance, cell weight, and volume. It has been found that open-cell metallic foams used in fuel cell systems cause an increase in performance due to their positive effects on the amount of catalyst coating, flow characteristics, and electrical properties.

Numerical solution and mathematical modelling of mass transport from medicated stent

Restenosis in arteries is a major problem which can be controlled by using medicated stents. The controlled drug transport from medicated stents has a great effect in decreasing restenosis in arteries. Drug is coated on stents to keep away from the re-narrowing of the artery wall. This device has an advantage of a flexible time delivery of a curative drug to the adjoining blood vessel tissues. The aim of this study is to formulate a mathematical model which describe the process of drug transport from arterial wall and medicated stent. For this purpose, a 3D model is investigated to measure the impact of mass transport from drug eluting stent. The blood flow is modelled by dimensionless Navier stokes equations and the concentration of drug is driven by dimensionless’ convection diffusion equation. The effect of diffusive and advective forces are discovered and these forces can be used to control the drug mass transport. Moreover, the effect of dimensionless parameters such as Peclet number porosity k and on mass transport from medicated stent and tissue layers is investigated. Characteristic Based Split Galerkin (CBSG) technique is applied to solve the dimensionless equations. In the application of stent-based drug delivery, the governing equations in this exploration give the premise of a plan for examining and computing mass transport in medicated stent and artery wall. The numerical results support to offer a good insight into the possible impacts of various parameters.

Stochastic effects in axion inflation and primordial black hole formation

We revisit the model of axion inflation in the context of stochastic inflation and investigate the effects of the stochastic noises associated to the electromagnetic fields. Because of the parity violating interaction, one polarization of the gauge field is amplified inducing large curvature perturbation power spectrum. Taking into account the stochastic kicks arising from the short modes at the time of horizon crossing we obtain the corresponding Langevin equations for the long modes of the electromagnetic and axion fields. It is shown that a mean-reverting process governs the dynamics of the electromagnetic fields such that the tachyonic growth of the gauge fields is balanced by the diffusion forces. As the instability parameter grows towards the end of inflation, the large curvature perturbations induced from gauge field perturbations lead to copious production of small mass primordial black holes (PBHs). It is shown that the produced PBHs follow a Gaussian statistics. Imposing the observational constraints on PBHs formation relaxes the previous bounds on the instability parameter by about fifty percents.

On the dynamics of charged particles in an incompressible flow: From kinetic-fluid to fluid–fluid models

In this paper, we are interested in the dynamics of charged particles interacting with the incompressible viscous flow. More precisely, we consider the Vlasov–Poisson or Vlasov–Poisson–Fokker–Planck equation coupled with the incompressible Navier–Stokes system through the drag force. For the proposed kinetic-fluid model, we study the asymptotic regime corresponding to strong local alignment and diffusion forces. Under suitable assumptions on well-prepared initial data, we rigorously derive a coupled isothermal/ pressureless Euler–Poisson system and incompressible Navier–Stokes system (EPNS system). For this hydrodynamic limit, we employ the modulated kinetic, internal, interaction energy estimates. We also construct a global-in-time strong solvability for the isothermal/ pressureless EPNS system. In particular, this global-in-time solvability gives the estimates of hydrodynamic limit hold for all times.