Diffusion Of Technological Innovations Research Articles

How Do Usage and Payment Behavior Interact in Rent‐to‐Own Business Models? Evidence from Developing Economies

The diffusion of technological innovations in developing economies has been facilitated by the use of rent‐to‐own business models, which give flexibility to customers by allowing them to make incremental payments over time. Understanding the implications of this flexibility is a fundamental problem for an increasing number of firms operating in these markets. In this study, we empirically analyze how consumer usage and payment behaviors interact in an application of rent‐to‐own to the distribution of solar lamps in developing countries. By exploiting the longitudinal variation in the data—and hence accounting for intrinsic differences between customers—the analysis led to three main insights. First, higher usage rates lowered the probability of late payments by customers. Our characterization of this engagement effect enhances existing knowledge of the drivers of payment behavior in these environments. Second, customers often “bundled” payments, making advance payments for future product access. We showed that bundling the initial payment led to lower usage rates ( bundling effect), suggesting that firms may not benefit from advance payments upfront, and that they should closely track usage patterns from these customers. Finally, we showed that first‐period usage information can improve the accuracy of predictive models of default and that observing usage rates in subsequent periods does not lead to further improvements. Overall, the analysis highlights the importance for firms of jointly tracking and analyzing payment and usage behavior by customers, particularly in initial stages of the adoption process.

Barriers to the adoption of industry 4.0 technologies in the manufacturing sector: An inter-country comparative perspective

This paper examines barriers to the implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies in the manufacturing sector in the context of both developed and developing economies. A comprehensive literature review, followed by discussions with industry experts, identifies 15 barriers, which are analyzed by means of a Grey Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) approach. The ‘lack of a digital strategy alongside resource scarcity’ emerges as the most prominent barrier in both developed and developing economies. The influencing barriers identified suggest that improvements in standards and government regulation could facilitate the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies in developing country case, whereas technological infrastructure is needed to promote the adoption of these technologies in developed country case. This study is one of the first to examine the implementation of Industry 4.0 in both developing and developed economies. This article highlights the difficulties in the diffusion of technological innovation resulting from a lack of coordinated national policies on Industry 4.0 in developing countries, which may prevent firms from fully experiencing the Industry 4.0 revolution. The results of this study may help decision makers and practitioners to address the barriers highlighted, paving the way for successful implementation of Industry 4.0 across the manufacturing sector.

Impact of Technology Adoption and Its Utilization on SMEs in Ghana

The study used a quantitative approach to identify technology adoption and its utilization effect on market performance of small and medium enterprises in Ghana, La-Nkwantanang municipality. The study combined the construct Of Technology Acceptance Model and Innovation Diffusion Theory to identify some factors which influence small and medium enterprises to adopt and use internet technology. Furthermore, the study examined some factors which also hinder the adoption and utilization of internet technology among small and medium enterprises. Finally, the study determined the relationship between in internet technology usage among small and medium enterprise and market performance. A sample size taken by the researchers was 100 from the small and medium enterprises in Madina La-Nkwatanang municipality. The researchers used structured questionnaires to gather primary data which was analyzed using smart PLS and SPSS and the following results were obtained perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness of internet technology, compatibility and cost effectiveness are some of the factors that influence the adoption and utilization of internet technology, however, there is a positive relationship between internet technology usage and market performance.

Firm heterogeneity and innovation diffusion performance: absorptive capacities

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to undertake research on the relationship of firm heterogeneity and innovation diffusion performance, and the role of absorptive capacity in this relationship.Design/methodology/approachBased on the diffusion of innovation theory, enterprise heterogeneity directly affects the evaluation stage (considering whether to adopt it) and the experimental stage (observing whether it is suitable for one’s own situation) of the diffusion process. Therefore, the paper uses a structural equation model to construct the influencing factors model of enterprise heterogeneity on technology diffusion. Furthermore, questionnaires were distributed to 236 enterprises with different scales, nature and location to explore the impact of heterogeneity on technology diffusion with scientific, objective and comprehensive data.FindingsFirm heterogeneity has a positive effect on absorptive capacity and absorptive capacity has a positive effect on technological innovation diffusion performance. Thus, absorptive capacity plays an intermediary role in the effect on enterprise heterogeneity and technological innovation diffusion performance. More interestingly, the authors get some results that are not entirely consistent with the theoretical assumptions.Practical implicationsFirm heterogeneity plays a central role in the process of innovation diffusion. Enterprises should build internal management platforms to enhance cooperation among employees, and establish links with other enterprises for opportunities for win-win cooperation. In addition, enterprises should control the frequency of internal activities, which will undermine the enthusiasm of enterprise members to participate in technology sharing.Originality/valueThis paper explores the interaction between technology potential, cooperation frequency and absorptive capacity from the perspective of systems theory. The findings enrich the theory of innovation diffusion, and explore the inherent reasons why enterprise heterogeneity affects innovation diffusion. Furthermore, the theory that intra-firm cooperation promotes innovation diffusion is not always correct.

Key Factors Influencing Consumers’ Purchase of Electric Vehicles

Although the rapid progress of the global economy and technology has advanced human civilization, it has also caused tremendous damage to the global ecological environment. Therefore, humans are thinking seriously about the environment and its sustainable development. One of the solutions to environmental problems is new energy vehicles. Since the promulgation of the “Energy Saving and New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2012–2020)” by the General Office of the State Council, the Chinese government has determined a strategy of pure electric driving technology. The electric vehicle market in China has expanded rapidly, making China the largest electric vehicle market in the world. Hence, research on the situation of electric vehicles in China is highly necessary and of reference value for other countries to develop electric vehicles. As a result, it is a critical issue to develop low-carbon, energy-saving, and intelligent electric vehicles to reduce the environmental impact. This paper establishes a theoretical framework based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), technology acceptance model (TAM) and innovation diffusion theory (IDT), and explores the key factors influencing consumers’ purchase of electric vehicles. The results show that: The application of the key factor model constructed in this study to consumers’ behavioral intention regarding electric vehicle purchase is acceptable. According to the structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis results, (1) In terms of behavioral intention: Consumers’ control over the resources required to purchase electric vehicles has the highest influence on their behavioral intention, while consultation opinions from consumers’ surroundings also significantly affect their behavioral intention to purchase electric vehicles. In addition, consumers’ environmental awareness and acceptance of technology products will also influence their behavioral intention. (2) In terms of attitude toward behavior: When consumers believe that electric vehicles are more beneficial at the individual, environment or national level, or they believe that the usage of electric vehicles is simpler and more convenient, they will show a more positive attitude towards the purchase of electric vehicles. Consumers consider electric vehicles as forward-looking technology products with similar driving operation and usage cost compared to traditional vehicles. (3) In terms of regulations: The opinions of consumers’ family members, friends, colleagues or supervisors do not significantly affect the attitude or behavior of consumers regarding electric vehicle purchase. The key factors influencing consumers’ purchase of electric vehicles are not only applicable to the design and development of electric vehicles that better suit consumer demands, but also serve as a theoretical basis for the popularization of electric vehicles, and provide a reference for consumers’ choice and purchase. Therefore, the government and relevant manufacturers need to consider increasing the publicity of electric vehicles and launch more attractive battery and charging schemes to attract consumers and promote the sustainable development of the automobile industry.

Eurace@unibi-eco: A Model of Technology Transitions

Purpose of this paper is the self-contained description of the green technology extension of the macroeconomic agent-based model Eurace@unibi. The original model is extended in mainly five dimensions: (1) There are two types of production technology, i.e. a green and a conventional. Technology is embodied in capital goods and in the technological capabilities of firms. (2) Employes are endowed with two types of evolving technology-specific skills that are needed to work effectively with specific capital goods. (3) Based on their technological capabilities and the market environment, consumption goods (CG) firms decide whether to invest in green or conventional capital. (4) An environmental accounting keeps track of the environmental impact of CG sector. (5) A policy module allows to investigate the impact of different diffusion policies. Main research areas covered by the model extension are directed technological change, innovation diffusion and technology substitution processes. A key feature of the model is endogenous, technology-specific absorptive capacity of heterogeneous technology adopters that evolves through learning. It is a comprehensive, macroeconomic model that allows to study the macroeconomic and distributional consequences of transition processes. The technical description of the model is complemented by a short summary and discussion of technology transition dynamics in a baseline simulation.

Model of Emerging Technology Adoption (META): Virtual Reality as a Case Study

Although technology acceptance and adoption have been intensively investigated using well-established theories called the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT), this paper claims that Emerging Technology (ET) has particular characteristics that differentiate it from the adoption of traditional technology that has been used for a long time. Therefore, it argues that TAM and IDT are not sufficient to investigate the adoption of ET. Investigating the adoption of ET requires additional, unique, non-traditional factors (constructs). Therefore, this paper aims first to conceptually develop a model of ETs adoption (META). To achieve this objective, TAM and IDT will be reviewed. Then, this paper will use the characteristics of ET as the basis for developing the factors that influence the adoption of ET. Secondly, to validate the model, a case study of an ET (i.e. Virtual Reality) will be analysed in-depth to reveal the factors that influence on its adoption by applying META. A discussion of META applications and implications for future research are also provided.

Diffusion of innovations and labor market challenges: a multiple case study from Angola

The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to gain a deeper understanding of the views of stakeholders residing within impoverished communities in Angola on rapid technology diffusion and its implication on labor market challenges within their regions. To address this gap, and consistent with the qualitative paradigm, this paper conducted methodological triangulation of the study’s multiple data sources, including semistructured interviews and archival data in the form of government labor reports, reflective field notes and archival data to establish the trustworthiness of the study’s data analysis and findings.,A gap in the literature exists between the general diffusion of technological innovations and socioeconomic development that results in an ambiguous connection between theory, academia and professional practice among sub-Saharan African countries. To inform governments in developing countries on how to effectively achieve the diffusion of innovations (DoI), this integrative literature review supports a broader qualitative multiple case study that offers insights into the views of stakeholders residing within impoverished communities in Angola, on rapid technology diffusion and its implication for labor market challenges. This overview of existing research offers a targeted knowledge base that can support future research and help promote the potential for socioeconomic development in low-income countries. By addressing the patterns of the relationship between various economic imbalances and the adoption of technology that promote the social divide, along with highlighting the importance of understanding the overall technological dualism between various social groups, promises effective policies for successful DoI in impoverished sub-Saharan African regions by evaluating its impact on local labor market challenges.,The results of this multiple case study research oversee a thematic analysis of the data collected based on the study’s multiple sources, following a cross-case analysis in which this paper synthesizes the findings of the initial thematic analysis of data to answer the study’s central research question. The multiple case study approach in this research follows the concept of replication logic discussed by Yin (2017) in which the same findings are replicated across multiple cases as similarities and differences are traced across cases, and the study results obtained in this way are deemed robust and reliable.,A potential key limitation in this study was associated to the participants’ limited experiences about the study’s central phenomenon, which if inadequate, could not have been reflective of the challenges faced and shared by the target population. This study mitigates the limitation with an observation in which a much sharper understanding of the participants’ knowledge about the topic of interest was developed. Another limitation was the sample size that could have been small and may not be representative of the entire population. This study mitigates the limitation through careful interpretation of the data and strong conclusion of results.,For practical implications, this study emphasized the importance of participative approaches to ICT implementation that if well adapted by policymakers could lead to a more contextually anchored ICT-supported poverty alleviation within different dimensions of poverty.,This study addresses an under-researched area on why innovation policy initiatives calling for technology diffusion in Angola continue to stall rather than combating labor market challenges in impoverished communities. This study brings the voices of local populations on technology diffusion in impoverished regions of Angola to the extant literature, launching the development of a body of knowledge that may point the way to a promising avenue of social change through innovation and technology diffusion.,This research is original and significant in that it addresses an under-researched area on innovation policy initiatives calling for technology diffusion in Angola that continue to stall rather than combating labor market challenges in impoverished communities. This study also makes an original contribution to Rogers’s seminal theory and concept of diffusion of innovations. The study’s results guided further research in technology adoption and innovation diffusion within Angola, a nation faced with poor human capital development and an increasing proportion of the world’s poorest people and unemployment.

Why do people use fitness tracking devices in Thailand? An integrated model approach

A three-pronged approach was used in this study consisting of a very comprehensive review of the literature, interview with experts, and a field survey to propose a model of user acceptance of fitness tracking devices in Thailand. The proposed model is an integrated model consisting of the technology acceptance model, flow theory, and innovation diffusion theory. A survey consisting of 452 fitness tracking users was undertaken in the Greater Bangkok region. Examinations of both convergent and discriminant validities were conducted. The results of the structural equation modeling illustrate that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, behavioral intention, perceived enjoyment, result demonstrability, visibility, and trialability posit a statistically positive relationship with fitness tracking device acceptance. Contrary to other technology acceptance studies, perceived control, concentration, and compatibility did not posit a positive relationship with fitness tracking device acceptance. Discussions of the findings and conclusions along with implications and limitations are presented in this study. This study is also one of the first few to investigate the acceptance of fitness tracking devices in the context of a developing country, in this case Thailand.

Research on ‘near-zero emission’ technological innovation diffusion based on co-evolutionary game approach

ABSTRACTAs air pollution becomes increasingly critical, ‘near-zero emission’ technological innovation in coal-fired plants are needed for the government and public consumers. The aim of this paper is to build the evolutionary game for analysing ‘near-zero emission’ technological innovation diffusion in coal-fired plants. According to bionics research of evolution, this paper introduces the co-evolutionary algorithm to simulate the diffusion. By modelling the evolutionary gaming behaviour of coal-fired plants, the simulation can capture the dynamics of coal-fired plants' strategy, which is adopting ‘near-zero emission’ technological innovation or not. It is key to model the diffusion under the electricity market and government regulation because it can provide some suggestions for promoting the diffusion. Simulations show that with no government regulations, the coal-fired plant fails to adopt the ‘near-zero emission’ technological innovation. However, the coal-fired plant for most profit should adopt independent R&D for ‘near-zero emission’ technology when the government provides subsidy incentives for the low-pollution coal-fired plant. With the promotion of subsidy incentives, all coal-fired plants will adopt ‘near-zero emission’ technology. Moreover, increasing the subsidy intensity has a significant role in promoting the diffusion.

Research on China’s Power Sustainable Transition Under Progressively Levelized Power Generation Cost Based on a Dynamic Integrated Generation–Transmission Planning Model

The government of China has introduced a series of energy-saving and emission reduction policies and energy industry development plans to promote the low-carbon development of the power sector. Under relatively clear and specific low-carbon development goals, the ongoing power transition has recently been studied intensively in the frame of global sustainable transition. With the development of renewable technologies, besides the long-term development goals, learning and diffusion of innovative technologies and the incentive effect of supportive policies are also important driving forces of the transition. The levelized power generation cost is the power generation cost when the net present value of the power project is zero. In this paper, the levelized power generation cost model with a learning curve and policy scenario is used to reflect the impact of technology diffusion and incentive policies from the economy perspective. By treating it as a state transfer function, a dynamic power generation–transmission integrated planning model based on the Markov Decision Process is established to describe the long-term power transition pathway under the impact of power technology diffusion and incentive policies. Through the calculation of power demand forecasting data up to 2050 and other power system information, the dynamic planning result shows that the current low-carbon policies cannot obviously reduce the expansion of coal power, but if strict low-carbon policies are implemented, the renewable power will gradually become dominant in the power structure before 2030.

Factors Influence China’s Off-Site Construction Technology Innovation Diffusion

Technology innovation is a key to Off-Site Construction (OSC), but it can achieve economic and social benefits through diffusion. Previous research mainly focused on the optimization or on-site applications of OSC technology innovation; little on its diffusion-related analysis. Diffusion performance generally leads to a faster and deeper diffusion of OSC technology innovation. To study what influence the diffusion performance of OSC technology innovation, the authors first determined the research border and proposed four hypotheses, and then conducted a questionnaire in various China’s construction companies. After investigating 119 construction companies for three months, 151 valid responses were collected and analyzed using Hierarchical Regression and bootstrap-based mediation test approaches. The results found that both market and government had significant impacts on the diffusion performance with comparable influence degree (0.282** and 0.255**), the government played a dual-mediating effect with network power simultaneously (effect value is 0.215) and the technical versatility had a significant indirect influence (>0.204**) but weak direct impact (0.094) on the diffusion performance of OSC technology innovation. The conclusions explored the influence mechanism of different factors on the diffusion of OSC technology innovation and provided practical suggestions for both construction companies and government authorities to promote the development of OSC.

Technological constraints to firm performance

Purpose Manufacturing and services SMEs in Africa face challenges and constraints exacerbated by ineffectual government policies, environmental turbulence and the near absence of institutional support. The purpose of this paper is to investigate if informal linkages and formal cooperation are helping firms to overcome constraints to uptake of technological innovations in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on quantitative data obtained from structured interviews of 631 Nigerian firms. These firms were selected using stratified random sampling from a total population of 18,906 manufacturing and services companies in the national database obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics. Findings The result of the binary logistic regression indicates that while informal linkages appear to be insignificant, formal inter-firm cooperation is an effective moderator of barriers to technological innovations. Research limitations/implications The paper focusses only on technological, rather than non-technological, innovations. Practical implications The paper recommends that, in addition to other interventions to promote diffusion of technological innovations, governments should give priority to interventions that support formal cooperation among SMEs. Originality/value Previous studies have generally looked at the impact of cooperative networks on firms’ innovation uptake. This paper provides original insights into the “how” of cooperative impact, specifically with respect to helping SMEs to overcome constraints. The paper also delineates formal cooperation from informal linkages.

Seed selection for technology innovation diffusion in complex networks

At present, the competition between enterprises is increasingly fierce. If the enterprise wants to obtain the competitive advantage, the innovation is an effective means; innovation is the basis of an enterprise’s survival and development: all enterprises strive to improve their competitiveness through innovation; however, the effects of innovation diffusion will eventually restrict their development. This study, using a complex network approach, establishes a nonlinear technology innovation diffusion cascade model aimed at identifying the best seeds to foster the process of technology innovation diffusion by searching for the important nodes scattered throughout different communities to spread technology innovation and achieve the maximum diffusion effect. Through an analysis of simulated and real networks, we found that our method can both improve the speed of technology innovation diffusion and enhance the diffusion effect, which can provide advantages to enterprises and help promote innovation.

Drivers of E-Business Diffusion in Tourism: A Decision Tree Approach

The aim of this paper is to examine the individual and interactive influence of organizational, technical and environmental factors on the diffusion of e-business in Montenegrin tourism organizations. In accordance with this goal a decision tree method is used in this paper. The results showed that organizational factors have the highest individual impact on e-business diffusion and that there is a strong interactive influence of organizational, information technology integration and external support factors. The obtained results provide important information for management and decision-making in conditions when diffusion of information technology innovation needs to be accelerated in such a way that instead of influencing only one group of factors, it affects several factors simultaneously which, in interaction with one another, lead to a greater degree of e-business diffusion.

ФАКТОРИ ТА ПЕРЕДУМОВИ РОЗВИТКУ FINTECH ІННОВАЦІЙ У НАЦІОНАЛЬНІЙ ЕКОНОМІЦІ

The article summarizes and systematizes the approaches of domestic and foreign researchers to determine the factors and prerequisites for the development of FinTech innovations in the national economy. Based on the analysis of scientific sources, the author proposes to identify technological development as the main prerequisite and basis for the development of FinTech innovations, and the global financial crisis of 2008 as the trigger for the transformation of the financial sector and its dynamic digitization. The factors that contributed to the diffusion of technological innovations in the financial sector are classified into three groups: factors of change in consumer demand, factors of crisis of traditional banking and factors of regulatory nature

A regulamentação como indutora de tecnologias ambientais para a redução de emissões tóxicas em veículos leves no Brasil

Resumo Nas últimas décadas, diversos países adotaram ações para mitigar as emissões tóxicas dos automóveis e, principalmente, reduzir riscos à saúde pública. Pesquisas indicam uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre monóxido de carbono (CO) e doenças respiratórias. A regulamentação teve um papel vital na definição de metas e padrões que fomentaram o desenvolvimento tecnológico dos automóveis. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o papel da regulamentação como indutora da inovação tecnológica ambiental na redução de emissões tóxicas de veículos leves fabricados no Brasil. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa descritiva de base documental. A difusão dessas tecnologias no Brasil mostra defasagem cronológica entre a implementação das fases da legislação Euro e do Programa de Controle da Poluição do Ar por Veículos Automotores (PROCONVE). Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que a regulamentação fomentou a difusão da inovação tecnológica ambiental, com a introdução de injeção eletrônica de combustível, catalisador e melhoria da motorização. Diante das mudanças identificadas, a regulamentação leva a um processo de balanceamento tecnológico entre as montadoras com ganho de escala, de modo a favorecer a difusão de tecnologias ambientais para mitigar as emissões de gases tóxicos.

Healthy Food as a New Technology-The Implications of Technological Diffusion and Food Price for Changes in Eating Habits.

Diet influences health and poor diets drive up healthcare costs for individuals and society as a whole. Multiple governmental programs in the US have aimed to educate citizens about diet choices, resulting in documented successes, as well as, unintended consequences such as increased food waste. Here we examine some of the relationships between healthy diets, food prices, and wealth by drawing parallels between the diffusion of technological innovation and healthy food diets. We introduce a simple modeling framework to estimate the adoption rates of healthy diets based on income and food prices, and describe the implications of the modeling results for the food industry and for government.

Using agent-based modelling to investigate diffusion of mobile-based branchless banking services in a developing country

Branchless Banking Services (BBS) were launched in 2009 in Pakistan with the promise of providing banking services to the unbanked. Since then the overall size of BBS has grown. Despite the popularity of the over-the-counter (OTC) channel, growth in m-wallets or mobile accounts (MA) has been slow. We investigate diffusion of MA through the development of an agent-based simulation model that captures the dynamics of the multi-sided BBS platform market. We identify important factors that drive MA diffusion and illustrate main and interaction effects between these factors. Furthermore, we examine how the relative effects of the different sides of the market have evolved over the course of the MA diffusion across both rural and urban consumer segments. The proposed model helps to understand the dynamics of diffusion of an important financial technology innovation. It can also serve as the starting point for future -research on technology diffusion in multi-sided markets.

TOE와 혁신확산이론에 따른 해운항만조직의 빅데이터 사용의도에 관한 연구

본 연구의 목적은 해운항만조직에서 새로운 ICT인 빅데이터를 도입하고 사용함에 있어 조직구성원들이 빅데이터 사용을 통해 기대하는 성과와 사용의도를 파악함으로써 경쟁력을 높일 수 있는 방안을 제시하는 것이다. 본 연구는 빅데이터가 조직의 프로세스를 변화시키고, 최고경영층의 지원이 필수적이고 때로는 자의보다는 기업이 처한 환경적 압박에 대처할 수 있는 수단인 점에서 기술· 조직· 환경(Technology Organization Environment)프레임워크와 기업의 혁신을 주도하는 혁신기술로 보고 혁신확산이론(Diffusion of Innovation Theory)모형을 기반으로 본 연구에 적합한 변수들을 도출하여 이들 변수간의 인과관계를 설정하여 연구모형을 구성하였다. 본 연구에서는 TOE모형의 기술적 요인, 조직적 요인, 환경적 요인 중에서 기술적 요인 대신에 혁신특성인 혁신확산모형 변수를 사용하였다. 기술적 요인에 관한 변수로는 혁신확산이론 변수들 중 상대적 이점, 복잡성, 호환성을 선택하였고, 조직적 요인에 관한 변수로 조직의 규모와 최고경영층의 지원, 환경적 요인에 속하는 변수로는 경쟁자 압력과 규정지원을 선택하였다. 이들 3가지 요인에 속한 변수들과 빅데이터 사용에 대한 기대성과와 사용의도 간의 관련성에 대한 8개의 가설을 설정하였다. 본 연구 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기술적 요인에서는 상대적 이점, 복잡성, 호환성이 기대성과에 모두 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 조직적 요인에서는 최고경영층의 지원은 기대성과에 유의한 영향을 미쳤으나, 조직 규모는 기대성과에 미치는 영향이 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 환경적 요인에서 경쟁자의 압력은 기대성과에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 규정지원은 기대성과에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 빅데이터 사용에 대한 기대성과는 사용의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.