The luminescent material Eu3+-doped CaGeO3 has been synthesized using a high-temperature solid-state reaction technique. The crystal structure was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the samples belonged to the triclinic crystal system with the space group P1̅. The luminescent properties including photoluminescence excitation (PLE), Photoluminescence emission (PL) spectra, and lifetime, thermal stability, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) have been investigated. Under near-ultraviolet excitation at 390nm, the phosphor emits red light with the highest intensity around 611nm, which is dominated by the 5D0→7F2 electric dipole transitions. It indicates that Eu3+ is in the inversion center of the crystal. The concentration quenching occurs at about 6% doping from the concentration-dependent luminescence behavior. The energy transfer mechanism was analyzed to be mainly the energy transfer between neighboring ions. The thermal stability was 82.16% at 423K. The chromaticity coordinates are in the red area and the color purity approaches 99%. Furthermore, the J-O theoretical results are used to confirm the experimental result. It suggests that Ca1-xGeO3:xEu3+ is an effective red luminescent material for illumination and backlight display applications.