Movement Difficulties Research Articles

Lumbar Spinal Meningioma- A common tumor in an uncommon location: A case report

Meningioma in the spinal canal commonly appears as intradural extramedullary spinal tumors at the dorsal and cervical region but is rare in the lumbar area. A 36-year-old man presented to us with complaints of left sciatica, weakness, and difficulty in movements of his left toes for a couple of months. Magnetic Resonance Imaging revealed an enhancing oval-shaped lesion at the level of L4, and histopathology revealed a meningioma. The complete removal has been done with hemilaminectomy for this common tumor in an uncommon location. J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll 2023; 15(1): 78-82

Research on the Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance Approach: A Bibliometric Review.

The Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) is an evidence-based intervention approach that has significantly increased in popularity over the past two decades. However, how the research literature on this topic is patterned is still unknown, so it is difficult to identify potential areas for research and clinical interest. To analyze the literature published on the CO-OP approach to provide a detailed and structured analysis of the publication patterns. All literature related to CO-OP included in the Web of Science database through June 15, 2024. All published studies related to CO-OP were included in the bibliometric analysis, which was conducted on the raw data retrieved from the Web of Science database using the Bibliometrix R package. The annual growth rate in CO-OP research has been 0.8%, significantly increasing from 2015 onward. Most of the research has been published in occupational therapy and rehabilitation journals by English-speaking research teams, and its scope has expanded from developmental coordination disorder to a wide range of health conditions. In addition, two main lines of research have emerged: one focusing on understanding the underlying cognitive processes involved in CO-OP and the other focusing on its clinical effectiveness. Research on CO-OP has significantly increased over the past decade, and it currently encompasses a wide range of areas. This analysis may facilitate the advancement of research on and the clinical practical application of CO-OP. Plain-Language Summary: The Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) is an evidence-based intervention approach that has significantly increased in popularity over the past two decades. Occupational therapists use it to improve the occupational performance of both children and adults with movement difficulties. However, it is unknown how the research literature on this topic is patterned, so it is difficult to identify potential areas for research and clinical interest. This study found that scientific literature on CO-OP has significantly increased in the past decade and that its scope has expanded from developmental coordination disorder to a wider range of health conditions, such as cerebral palsy. Moreover, research is now focused on two main questions: What are the underlying cognitive processes involved during intervention, and how effective is the CO-OP approach? These findings can be used to further improve occupational performance and participation among occupational therapy clients who struggle with motor performance and planning.

76 White matter microstructure and motor function at 8 years of age in children born preterm

Abstract Background White matter injury (WMI) in preterm neonates is characterized by focal areas of white matter necrosis (punctate WMI) and more diffuse impairments in white matter (dysmaturation). White matter dysmaturation is reflected as lower fractional anisotropy (FA) measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Reduced white matter FA in neonatal DTI has been associated with adverse motor function at early ages in children born preterm. Yet, how white matter FA at school-age relates to motor function at this later age is largely unknown. Objectives To assess the relationship between white matter FA and motor function at 8 years of age in children born very preterm. Design/Methods 110 children born very preterm (mean birth gestational age [GA] 28.19 weeks, range 24-32 weeks) completed MRI scans in the neonatal period and again at 8 years of age (mean age 8.35 years, SD = 0.38). Neonatal WMI was quantified on the neonatal T1-weighted images with significant WMI defined as WMI volume > 40 mm3. FA at 8 years was assessed using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). Movement Assessment Battery for Children, 2nd Ed (M-ABC-2) was used to assess fine and gross motor function at 8 years of age. Motor outcomes from the M-ABC total score were grouped as: Significant Movement Difficulty < 56 (below 5th percentile, n = 31), At-risk of Movement Difficulty 57-67 (5th-15th percentile, n = 23), and Unlikely to Have Movement Difficulty > 68 (above 15th percentile, n = 56). FA in the white matter skeleton was compared between motor outcome groups using threshold-free cluster enhancement (TFCE), adjusting for birth GA and significant WMI, and correcting for multiple comparisons across skeleton voxels using permutation testing with 5000 permutations. Results Table 1 outlines descriptive differences in the three motor outcome groups. Children born preterm who are Unlikely to Have Movement Difficulty at 8 years had significantly higher FA (p < .05) compared to those At-risk of or with Significant Movement Difficulty, especially in the corpus collosum (Figure 1), controlling for birth GA and significant neonatal WMI. Those with Significant Movement Difficulty had the lowest FA. Conclusion In children born preterm at age 8 years, white matter FA is associated with motor performance, independent of significant neonatal WMI. Our findings indicate that white matter dysmaturation persists and has functional significance through school-age.

Osteopontin as a biomarker for diagnosing the severity of osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of arthritis. It is characterized by the loss of cartilage and pain ultimately leading to difficulty in movement. Glycoprotein osteopontin (OPN) is an essential regulator that plays a critical role in developing osteoarthritis. The study aims to determine the level of OPN in the serum of patients with OA and its correlation with the content of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg). The study was conducted on 92 male and female patients aged between 30 and 65, categorized into mild, moderate, and severe groups through clinical examination and X-rays. The control group consist of 58 healthy males and females 30-65-year old. OPN was measured using the ELISA technique, and minerals were estimated using spectrophotometry. It was shown that in OA patients, OPN level increased highly significant when compared with the control group (10.7 ± 3.4 ng/ml) and depended on OA severity. In patients with severe OA, it was higher (47.5 ± 8.1 ng/ml) than in groups with moderate (14.8 ± 4.5 ng/ml) and mild (12.1 ± 3.1 ng/ml) extent of the disease. We showed a significant positive relationship between OPN and phosphorus levels and a negative significant correlation between OPN and calcium, calcium/phosphorus ratio, and magnesium. These findings underscore the potential of OPN as a valuable biomarker for diagnosing the severity of osteoarthritis and monitoring the effectiveness of treatment. Keywords: calcium, magnesium, osteoarthritis, osteopontin, phosphorus.

Atractylenolide-I Ameliorates Motor Deficits and Reduces Inflammation of the Spinal Cord by SIRT1/PGC-1α Pathway in MPTP Subacute Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder that impacts various systems, including the substantia nigra (SN) par compacta (SNpc) and extranigral regions like the spinal cord. The presence of persistent inflammation in the SN and spinal cord is associated with movement difficulties in PD. Atractylenolide-I (ATR-I) is a natural sesquiterpene recognized for its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. This research aimed to assess the impact of ATR-I treatment on motor function and inflammation in MPTP-induced subacute PD mice, particularly focusing on the role of ATR-I in spinal cord inflammation. The motor functions of the mice were assessed using suspension and gait tests. Dopaminergic neuronal loss in the SNpc and microglial activation in both the SNpc and spinal cord were evaluated through immunofluorescence staining. The levels of inflammatory mediators in the spinal cord were measured using RT-qPCR analysis. The expressions of SIRT1 and PGC-1α in the spinal cord were analyzed through Western blotting and RT-qPCR. ATR-I treatment improved motor deficits in MPTP-induced mice. Moreover, ATR-I reduced the loss of dopamine neurons and microglial activation in the SNpc of MPTP-induced mice. Additionally, ATR-I suppressed spinal cord inflammation by decreasing microglial activation and the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and iNOS in MPTP-induced mice. Interestingly, ATR-I also upregulated SIRT1 and PGC-1α levels in the spinal cord of MPTP-induced mice. These findings suggest that ATR-I exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties in PD. The attenuation of spinal cord inflammation via the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway may contribute to enhancing motor function, highlighting ATR-I as a potential therapeutic avenue for PD.

Penerapan Permainan dalam Meningkatkan Gerak Lokomotor pada Siswa Kelas VI SD Negeri 4 Bubutan Surabaya

This study aims to improve the locomotor movement ability in grade VI SDN Bubutan 4 Surabaya with the application of games, The problem is that students in grade VI B still have difficulties in locomotive movement, In cycle 1 using the application of games such as relay games and jumping rope, data is collected through direct observation and assessment of student skills before and after the implementation of the activity, analysis shows that some students still do not show significant improvement in locomotor movement ability, In cycle 2 the game is simplified. The results of the analysis showed that the improvement of locomotor movement ability became more consistent across all groups of students. The conclusion of this study is that the application of the game method is effective in improving locomotor movement skills in grade VI B SDN Bubutan 4 Surabaya. Classroom action research (PTK) with Cycle I and Cycle II. The subject of this study is 32 students of class VI B SD Negeri 4 Bubutan, the application of the game aims to improve the locomotor motion of students in class VI B SD Negeri 4 Bubutan. From the results of the Implementation of Cycle I, students in class VI B reached a percentage of 43% and the Implementation of Cycle II reached a percentage of 87%, with this the application of the game method in improving the locomotor movement of students in class VI B has reached a classical value with a provision of 85%.

Motor improvement and spasms recovery with high-frequency 10kHz spinal cord stimulation in a patient with spastic tetraparesis: beyond pain relief.

To describe the clinical outcomes beyond pain relief of high-frequency spinal cord stimulation at 10kHz (10kHz SCS) in a patient with cervical myelopathy and drug-resistant chronic neuropathic pain with spastic tetraparesis. A patient with C3-C6 myelomalacia and spastic tetraparesis previously treated with decompressive laminectomy underwent implantation of 10kHz SCS for pain management through a trial procedure followed by permanent implantation. Due to the presence of epidural fibrotic scar tissue in the area of the previous C3-C6 laminectomy, the leads could not be implanted at the cervical level; therefore, the leads were positioned at the thoracic level. Data were collected during routine follow-up visits up to 15 months after implantation. Since the trialing phase and during all follow-up visits, along with complete pain relief in the lower limbs, a recovery from spasms was observed with an improvement in motor function. The patient recovered from a sensation of stiffness and difficulty in movement, with a significant decrease in muscle tone, regaining confidence in walking, and no longer needing assistance even for long walking distances. Although all disabling and painful symptomatology in the upper limbs instead did not ameliorate, the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score decreased from 50% at baseline to 6%. To our knowledge, recovery from spasms and motor improvement in a spastic tetraparesis patient has never been reported before with 10kHz SCS and possibly this new stimulation paradigm may overcome some performance limitations of traditional low-frequency SCS (LF-SCS). Treatment eliminated spasms at the lower limbs but not at the upper ones, thus suggesting that the location of the epidural leads could affect outcomes.

BANDHANA WITH BIBHITAKPHALA MAJJA LEPA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ANKLE SPRAIN WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SPORTS INJURIES: A CASE STUDY

Introduction: Any form of bodily harm, pain, or injury sustained when participating in sports, exercising, or engaging in any other physical activity is referred to as a sports injury. The most frequent kinds of injuries are musculoskeletal, which affect the muscles, ligaments, bones, cartilage, and related tissue. According to estimates, up to 30% of injuries encountered in sports medical clinics are sprained ankles. It is one of the most frequent injuries for athletes, dancers, sportspeople, etc. Correlations: In Ayurveda, gulpha marma is one among 20 sandhi marma (vital points related to joints) and one of the 8 rujakara marma according to its traumatic effect of pain the sense of distress or pain is more over here compared to other parts of the body. A sprain injury usually happens suddenly due to injury around a joint, so they can be under agantuj vyadhi. Sports Injuries can be related to abhighataj shotha or agantuj shotha, and alepa is the first upakrama in sarvasotha. Case Study: A 22-year-old sports person complain of pain and difficulty in movement of the right ankle joint. Before one day, his foot was twisted while playing football, and he was diagnosed with an ankle sprain (gulpha sandhi aghata) and treated with Bibhitakphala majja lepa and bandhan for 15 days. Result: After completion of treatment, significant relief was observed in subjective and objective criteria.

Relationship between foot and ankle tendinopathies and dyslipidemia: a literature review

Objectives: Dyslipidemia is a multifactorial condition related to genetic factors, dietary patterns, sedentary habits, and socioeconomic conditions. Foot and ankle tendinopathies are a common problem in orthopedic consultations and can represent up to 30%, highlighting some risk factors, such as metabolic disorders. Methods: This study is an integrative review of the literature addressing the correlation between foot and ankle tendinopathy and dyslipidemia. The keywords used were: “tendinopathy,” “foot and ankle,” and “dyslipidemia,” with the operators “AND” and “OR” for the search. The following inclusion criteria were established: case reports, cohort studies, case and control studies, clinical trials, and biomechanical studies published between 2013 and 2024, indexed in the following databases: Pubmed (Medline), Scielo, Lilacs, and Scopus, published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese.Results: Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the correlation between tendinopathies and dyslipidemia, although there is still no absolute clarity; it was shown that the Achilles tendon is the main tendon affected in the foot and ankle, especially by xanthomas, which lead to an increase in the area size, causing pain, edema, difficulty in movement and changes in gait. Conclusion: It is believed that females with dyslipidemia, elderly patients, and individuals with a body mass index below 18.5kg/m2 are more prone to tendinopathies. Level of evidence II; Diagnostic studies.

A qualitative study of stressors faced by older stroke patients in a convalescent rehabilitation hospital.

This study aimed to explore the stressors experienced by older patients with stroke in convalescent rehabilitation wards in Japan. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four stroke patients aged > 65 years who experienced a stroke for the first time in their lives. The interviews were analyzed using the Steps for Coding and Theorization method for qualitative data analysis. The results of the qualitative analysis demonstrated that patients experienced specific stressors, such as, difficulty in movement of the paralyzed hand, fear of stroke recurrence, and dietary problems. Some stressors were manageable through healthcare professionals' active and sensitive communication strategies. These stressors were derived from the theoretical framework of "stressors related to hospitalization" and "stressors related to the illness". Additional stressors emerged from the interaction between these two types within the theoretical framework. The results of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the specific stressors experienced by older stroke patients during the recovery process.

Natural history in Malan syndrome: survey of 28 adults and literature review

BackgroundMalan syndrome (MALNS), previously referred to as “Sotos syndrome 2” due to its resemblance to Sotos syndrome (SS), is an ultra-rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by overgrowth, typical craniofacial features, intellectual disability (ID), and a range of psychobehavioral, musculoskeletal, vision and neurological signs. As MALNS and SS partly overlap, it is essential to more accurately profile their clinical presentations and highlight their differences in order to improve syndrome specific management. An increasing number of individuals with MALNS reach adult-age though the natural history of the disorder is poorly characterized due to the small number of adult individuals described so far. As a consequence, current guidelines are limited to the pediatric population. Further delineation of MALNS is essential to optimize care in adulthood.ResultsA mixed approach based on cross-sectional data collection with a survey disseminated to caregivers of adults with molecularly confirmed MALNS and literature review was conducted. Twenty-eight caregivers completed the survey. Clinical presentation in adulthood is multisystemic and defined by psychobehavioral comorbidities (96%), musculoskeletal involvement (96%), vision impairment (96%) and neurological complications (86%). The most common signs were anxiety (79%), hypotonia (75%), movement difficulty (75%), scoliosis (64%), problems with coordination (61%), strabismus (57%), constipation (54%), breastbone abnormalities (54%) and advanced bone age during childhood (54%). Impaired vision was complicated by vision decline (36%) and optic atrophy (32%). We report some previously unidentified features, including high pain threshold (46%), incontinence (25%), tremors (21%), muscle hypoplasia (18%) and tics (18%).ConclusionsThis survey in the adult population has allowed a more complete description of the natural history of MALNS. Our findings will contribute to the development and improvement of standards of care for adults with MALNS to assure optimal health monitoring and treatment of evolutive complications. We propose additional recommendations to the previous dataset of clinical evaluations specifically applied to adults. The comparison of MALNS and SS adult presentation highlights significant differences in terms of prevalence and severity of ID, behavioral issues, and vision problems, confirming that a proper differential diagnosis between the two conditions is indispensable to guide physicians and mental health professionals to syndrome specific management.

Retrospective epidemiological study over 8‐year period on zygomatic complex fractures: A single centre experience

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to do a retrospective analysis of patients with zygomatic fractures who were treated at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Regional University Hospital of Perugia, Italy, between 2016 and 2023.Materials and MethodsPatients were evaluated based on various parameters including age, sex, aetiology, symptoms, comorbidity, clinical findings, zygomatic fracture type, other facial fractures, treatment, waiting time before the operation, complications and sequelae. In the period described, we had 123 cases of zygomatic fractures requiring surgical intervention.ResultsAmong the patients, 101 were male (82.1%) and 22 were female (17.9%). The average age of the patients was 48.65 years (ranging from 7 to 94 years).The leading cause of these fractures was sports‐related injury (n = 32; 26.01%), and isolated zygomatic bone fractures were the most frequent (72.43%). The most common clinical signs and symptoms were pain, depression of the facial profile, difficulty in chewing, limitation of the buccal opening, difficulty in protrusion movements and mandibular lateralization. Ninety‐six per cent of patients underwent surgery under general anaesthesia, with open reduction and internal fixation.ConclusionsThe successful and effective management of zygomatic fractures requires a solid understanding of its anatomy, pathophysiology and related biomechanical structures and forces. The continuous research in epidemiology, aetiology, materials and techniques will further refine our treatments which are nowadays more and more customized according to the type of trauma.

Self-Report and Performance-Based Measures for Pelvic Girdle Pain During Pregnancy

Purpose: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to quantify functional mobility in pregnant individuals during the second and third trimesters, both with and with no pelvic girdle pain, using performance-based measures as compared with self-report tools. Methods: Study participants included 58 individuals between 18 and 45 years of age in the second or third trimesters of pregnancy who were categorized by pelvic girdle pain ratings and positive screening results. Participants completed the Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire (PGQ) and the Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ), and were evaluated by accelerometry during quiet standing, straight-line walking, and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Results: The majority of performance measures captured using accelerometry were not statistically different between the Pain and Control groups. However, turning velocities were lower in the third trimester group during turning phases of the TUG (P < .006). Pain and No Pain groups differed in the distribution of PFIQ responses on Chores (P < .001), Exercise (P < .001), Travel (P = .012), and Frustration (P < .001). A statistical difference was present between the Pain and Control groups in PGQ total score (P < .001), and response distributions were statistically different on multiple PGQ items. Discussion: For pregnant individuals, accelerometry-based performance measures do not appear to detect difficulty with mobility, which may begin to be reported during the second trimester. Patient-report outcome tools may help clinicians capture movement difficulty and address biopsychosocial factors that impact pelvic girdle pain associated with pregnancy.

Interaction between dislocation and heterogeneous interface in Cu/Fe laminated composites based on discrete dislocation dynamics

Bimetal laminated composites (BLCs) exhibit more outstanding mechanical properties than traditional alloys due to the interaction between heterogeneous interface boundary (HIB) and dislocation. However, the underlying physics of the dislocation motion and the strengthening effect has not been uncovered at mesoscopic scale. In this study, the detailed microstructure of the Cu/Fe HIB was obtained by transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation. The dislocation model was established using discrete dislocation dynamics (DDD), and several interactions between the dislocation and HIB were focused on, as well as the intrinsic strengthening mechanisms of the HIB. The results show that different HIB characteristics induce different interaction mechanisms such as absorption, slip transmission, slip on the HIB, emission from HIB and reflection by HIB, resulting in different strengthening effect on the BLCs. The HIB promotes slip of the dislocation emitted from the Fe, while prevents movement of the dislocation emitted from Cu. Since dislocation slip is more difficult in Fe, greater elastic deformation occurs before large-scale expansion of the dislocation, resulting in larger nominal yield strength. The presence of HIB increases the difficulty of dislocation movement compared to the single crystal structure, which in turn improves the overall strength of BLCs. Due to the different dislocation motion and strain gradient, the mechanism of that dislocation slip absorption by the HIB has optimal strengthening effect relative to other interaction mechanisms. The strengthening effect of other interaction mechanisms is influenced by the position of the dislocation emission, the type of interaction mechanism, and the angle between adjacent slip planes, etc. The outcome of present research sheds important insights into the design of HIB strengthening materials, such as multi- and nano- laminated composites.

Textured insoles may improve some gross motor balance measures but not endurance measures in children with motor coordination issues. A randomised controlled feasibility trial.

Motor coordination concerns are estimated to affect 5%-6% of school-aged children. Motor coordination concerns have variable impact on children's lives, with gait and balance often affected. Textured insoles have demonstrated positive impact on balance and gait in adults with motor coordination disorders related to disease or the ageing process. The efficacy of textured insoles in children is unknown. Our primary aim was to identify the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial involving children with motor control issues. The secondary aim was to identify the limited efficacy of textured insoles on gross motor assessment balance domains and endurance in children with movement difficulties. An assessor-blinded, randomised feasibility study. We advertised for children between the ages of 5-12years, with an existing diagnosis or developmental coordination disorder or gross motor skill levels assessed as 15th percentile or below on a norm-referenced, reliable and validated scale across two cities within Australia. We randomly allocated children to shoes only or shoes and textured insoles. We collected data across six feasibility domains; demand (recruitment), acceptability (via interview) implementation (adherence), practicality (via interview and adverse events), adaptation (via interview) and limited efficacy testing (6-min walk test and balance domain of Movement ABC-2 at baseline and 4weeks). There were 15 children randomised into two groups (eight received shoes alone, seven received shoes and textured insoles). We experienced moderate demand, with 46 potential participants. The insoles were acceptable, however, some parents reported footwear fixture issues requiring modification. The 6-min walk test was described as problematic for children, despite all but one child completing. Social factors impacted adherence and footwear wear time in both groups. Families reported appointment locations and parking impacting practicality. Underpowered, non-significant small to moderate effect sizes were observed for different outcome measures. Improvement in balance measures favoured the shoe and insole group, while gait velocity increase favoured the shoe only group. Our research indicates that this trial design is feasible with modifications such as recruiting with a larger multi-disciplinary organisation, providing velcro shoe fixtures and using a shorter timed walk test. Furthermore, progressing to a larger well-powered randomised control trial is justified considering our preliminary, albeit underpowered, efficacy findings. This trial was retrospectively registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registration: ACTRN12624000160538.

Prosthetic Rehabilitation of a Hemi-mandibulectomy Patient with Interim Mandibular Guide Flange and Maxillary Twin Occlusion: A Case Report

ABSTRACT In hemi-mandibulectomy patients, the fabrication of a successful prosthesis is a challenging task. Segmental resection of the mandible causes deviation toward the resected side resulting in facial disfigurement, difficulty in speech, mastication, swallowing, respiration, and restricted mandibular movements. Such a condition affects the daily life of the patient and might also result in a disturbed psychological state. The primary goal of treating these patients was to achieve facial aesthetics and restore function and phonetics. Such a scenario can be tackled more efficiently with good patient cooperation and a well-fabricated prosthesis.

Native State Stabilization of Amyloidogenic Proteins by Kinetic Stabilizers: Inhibition of Protein Aggregation and Clinical Relevance.

Proteinopathies or amyloidoses are a group of life-threatening disorders that result from misfolding of proteins and aggregation into toxic insoluble amyloid aggregates. Amyloid aggregates have low clearance from the body due to the insoluble nature, leading to their deposition in various organs and consequent organ dysfunction. While amyloid deposition in the central nervous system leads to neurodegenerative diseases that mostly cause dementia and difficulty in movement, several other organs, including heart, liver and kidney are also affected by systemic amyloidoses. Regardless of the site of amyloid deposition, misfolding and structural alteration of the precursor proteins play the central role in amyloid formation. Kinetic stabilizers are an emerging class of drugs, which act like pharmacological chaperones to stabilize the native state structure of amyloidogenic proteins and to increase the activation energy barrier that is required for adopting a misfolded structure or conformation, ultimately leading to the inhibition of protein aggregation. In this review, we discuss the kinetic stabilizers that stabilize the native quaternary structure of transthyretin, immunoglobulin light chain and superoxide dismutase 1 that cause transthyretin amyloidoses, light chain amyloidosis and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, respectively.

Assessment of the Impact of Different Surgical Techniques on Nerve Function and Sensation after Maxillofacial Surgery.

One potential long-term side effect of surgery in the oral and maxillofacial region is neurosensory impairment. Due to their physical proximity to the surgical location, the lingual nerve (LN) and inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), two sensory segments of the trigeminal nerve, are always susceptible to damage during third molar extraction. Assessment of the impact of different surgical techniques on nerve function and sensation after maxillofacial surgery. There was retrieval of information from medical records of study participants regarding the presence of symptoms like paresthesia, numbness, loss of sensation in lower lip, difficulty in movement of tongue, and all other findings observed after 7 days of surgical procedures. Clinically neurosensory examinations were utilized to assess nerve damage. Pinprick testing and the two-point discrimination test were used. Seven male patients were found to have damage to LN while nine males suffered damage to trigeminal nerve. 12 female patients were found to have damage to LN while 16 females suffered damage to trigeminal nerve. In total 19 patients suffered damage to LN while 25 patients suffered damage to trigeminal nerve. The incidence of LN damage was 9.5%, and the incidence of trigeminal nerve damage was 12.5%.

THE OCCURRENCE OF CONTRACTURE AND THE SEVERITY OF BURN INJURIES AMONG BURN PATIENTS TREATED AT DR. SOETOMO GENERAL ACADEMIC HOSPITAL, SURABAYA, INDONESIA (2020-20220)

Highlights: A robust association was observed between total body surface area (TBSA) and burn injuries, except in the case of elderly individuals. The duration of hospitalization is significantly associated with the occurrence of contracture. Abstract: Introduction: Burn injuries are a worldwide issue and can happen for many reasons, often causing skin damage that leads to deformities and movement difficulties. Many burn patients, up to 50%, experience contractures, which limit movement in areas such as the shoulders, wrists, and torso. Proper management through medicine, surgery, and therapy is crucial for helping these patients. Research at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital is focused on studying the frequency of contractures after burn injuries to improve treatment and prevention methods. Methods: The research used descriptive analytics and gathered data from the Burn Unit at Gedung Bedah Pusat Terpadu (GBPT) and the Plastic Surgery Polyclinic at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital in Surabaya. The study examined 40 eligible patients and assessed variables including burn severity, affected body area, and hospitalization duration. Results: The results showed that the average age of patients was 26.30 years, with 70% of them being male. Only 5% of patients had other health problems, mainly related to hormones. Most burns were caused by fire (37.5%), and many were second-degree burns (42.5%). The percentage of the body affected by burns varied by age: children had around 9.86%, adolescents had around 15.96%, and adults had around 5.25%. Most injuries were on the left arm (67.5%), and many patients stayed in the hospital for a long time (67.5%). Conclusion: All patients developed contractures following burns, irrespective of burn severity. There was a correlation between burn size and severity, except among older patients. Additionally, a notable association was observed between contracture occurrence and prolonged hospitalization.

High temperature electrical breakdown and energy storage performance improved by hindering molecular motion in polyetherimide nanocomposites

Polyetherimide (PEI) is widely used as a material for high temperature and high power energy storage capacitors in new energy vehicles and other fields. However, as the temperature increases, the electrical conductivity increases and the breakdown strength decreases, which greatly reduces the energy storage density of the capacitor and limits the application range. In order to clarify the influence mechanism of high temperature on the breakdown and energy storage performance of dielectrics, this paper established a charge capture and molecular displacement (CTMD) breakdown model based on the expansion motion of molecular segments to study the charge transport and molecular chain motion process of PEI nanocomposites (PNCs) at high temperature. The results show that at 100 °C, compared with pure PEI, the internal maximum molecular displacement of PEI PNCs with appropriate doping content (3 wt%) is reduced by 28.79 %, and the breakdown strength is increased by 11.20 %. Appropriate nano-doping can effectively increase the movement difficulty of molecular chains and reduce the activation volume that provides energy for charge transport. Thus, charge transport is inhibited, current density is reduced, and Joule heat accumulation is avoided. Finally, the high temperature breakdown and energy storage performance are improved.