Life Difficulties Research Articles

Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic and first lockdown in Lebanon: Risk factors and daily life difficulties in a multiple-crises setting.

Research from around the world shows important differences in the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns on mental health. This study examined the extent of mental health challenges (depressive and anxiety symptoms and daily life difficulties) and their associations with pandemic- and response-related factors during the first lockdown in Lebanon, which happened amid a severe economic crisis and socio-political turmoil. Data come from a cross-sectional internet-based survey (May-June 2020). Association of depressive (Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)) and anxiety symptoms (Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7)) with outbreak-related worries and knowledge, information sources, and confidence and satisfaction in response measures were estimated using logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographic and socioeconomic indicators. Among 510 participants (mean age 36.1±11.3; 69.4% women), 32.3% had elevated depressive and 27.3% had elevated anxiety symptoms; younger age, unemployment, loss of employment, and lower income were related to more mental health symptoms. Most prevalent daily life challenges were feelings of uncertainty (74.5%) and financial (52.2%) and emotional (42.2%) difficulties; these and all other daily life difficulties (work-related, caregiving, and online learning) were significantly higher among participants with higher depressive and anxiety symptoms. Higher outbreak-related worries were associated with higher depressive (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.20,1.53) and anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.30,1.67). Higher pandemic-related knowledge, reliance on and trust in local health agencies and professionals' information, and satisfaction and confidence regarding governmental and health institutions' response were all related to lower mental health symptoms. Results show that mental health burden in Lebanon during the first lockdown (when the COVID-19 outbreak was still minimal) is among the highest reported worldwide and highlight elevated emotional and financial tolls and widespread impact on daily life. In this high-burden and multiple-challenges context, results suggest an important role for the healthcare body, knowledge, and trust in the institutions managing the response.

Drought as Portrayed in Gangar Wa’azu

The paper aimed at drawing the attention of human beings to the danger of drought to their life: experienced from time to time as a result of the attitudes of tyrant leaders, remarrying without observing the prescribed period a widow or divorcee should wait, bearing children outside wedlock, same-sex marriage, handling the glorious Qur’an in a state of impurity, leaving graves in ugly shapes, denying giving out of alms and waging wars and killings among Muslim community. Drought is meant to serve as a punishment to people for their wrongdoings. As far as people engage in doing wrongs, God may reprimand them in one way or the other for precautions. The paper is meant to serve as a reminder to desist from doing wrong. It discusses thirteen habits or instances or wrongs that bring about drought that are all human makings. Some problems were caused by the people themselves besides the ones that God sent down to his creatures.“God never changes for people unless they change for themselves (Innaallaha laa yughayyiru maa bi qaumin hatta yughayyiru maa bi anfusihim, (Quran: chapter 76, Verse 21). The paper used eleven stanzas of Gangar Wa’azu poem and discovered some instances that cause drought. There are some measures pointed out in the paper as the way out of drought Lastly, rainfall is of great importance; all people face difficulties in life without it which means the importance of rainfall cannot be overemphasized. The paper supports the Hausa saying “In kunne ya jiya jiki ya tsira” and “Tuntuɓe mai gyaran tafiya” The paper looks at the importance of rain water to human and animals’ lives and, at the same time lists problems that cause drought. In conclusion, the paper is of the view that disobedience to God is the major cause of all human problems. Again, it cautioned all to be very careful concerning the disobedience to their Creator.

한국형 성인 실행기능 척도 타당화

Objectives In this study, the adult executive functioning scale ADEXI(Adult Executive Functioning Inventory) de-veloped by Holst and Thorell (2017) was adapted and validated into Korean to measure the executive function ing of adults.
 Methods An executive functioning scale was selected through a review of previous research literature, permission to use the scale was obtained from the original author, and the Korean Adult Executive Functioning Scale (KADEXI) was constructed through translation and back-translation. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on 237 adults aged 19 or older.
 Results Confirmatory factor analysis was performed, and convergent and criterion validity were verified. The Korean adult executive functioning scale was ultimately composed of 14 items each for self-report and other-re-port, and the subfactors were 9 items for working memory and 5 items for inhibition, identical to the original scale. A test-retest performed 2 weeks later was found to be reliable.
 Conclusions By presenting specific difficulties in daily life through the validation of a Korean scale measuring adult executive functioning, it appears to be of great clinical utility in that it can provide guidance for therapeutic inter-vention and change. In addition, when implementing the executive functioning scale, cross-verification with self-report and meaningful other person's report can be used to ensure validity in identifying the degree of execu-tive functioning deficiency.

Self-reported clinical features and treatment effectiveness of Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome patients from five Latin American countries: A cross-sectional online survey study.

Most studies about Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) are limited to case reports and patients of the same nationality. This study aimed to determine the self-reported prevalence of signs, symptoms and treatment effectiveness in PLS patients from five Latin American countries. An online survey was conducted among adult and paediatric patients from Mexico, Argentina, Colombia and Brazil. Data were collected using multiple-choice, open-ended and image-chooser questions on demographics, signs and symptoms, perceived treatment effectiveness and quality of life. Seventeen patients (10 males and 7 females) aged 4-47 years were surveyed. All had palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. Other affected sites were the feet and hand dorsum (82.35%), Achilles tendon (88.24%), forearms (58.82%), legs (29.41%) and glutes (23.53%). They frequently presented hyperhidrosis and nail pitting. Four had a history of delayed umbilical cord separation. All used topical treatments, with moderate effectiveness; half used oral retinoids, perceived as highly effective. Most reported decreased quality of life and walking difficulties. The study's results align with prior research on PLS, but reveal new insights, including the impact on patients' quality of life and a history of delayed umbilical cord separation. These findings warrant consideration in future research and patient care.

Health-Related Quality of Life and Behavioral Difficulties in Greek Preschool Children with Developmental Language Disorder.

Developmental language disorder (DLD) has a great impact on language skills as well as on a wide range of functioning areas, such as social and school functioning. In the present study, we aim to explore the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of preschool children with DLD, compared to children with no language difficulties, using a self and proxy report method. A total of 230 parents of preschool children with DLD and 146 parents of children without language difficulties completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQLTM) 4.0 Generic Core Module and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Additionally, 71 children with DLD and 55 peers without DLD completed the self-reported PedsQLTM module. The parents of kindergarten children (5-6 years old) with DLD reported that their kids experience worse social and school functioning compared to the control group. In addition, the children with DLD self-reported lower physical and social functioning. The parents of children with DLD reported that their children experience higher hyperactivity/inattention problems than the parents of the control group. Kindergarten children with DLD have a poorer HRQoL compared to their peers, as perceived by themselves and their parents. Moreover, children with DLD present with higher hyperactivity and inattention symptoms. Health professionals working with children who have DLD need to consider not only the language difficulties but also the children's wellbeing and symptoms of hyperactivity and inattention.

The climate wins! – How a gamification approach can foster sustainable consumption on university campuses and beyond

Purpose Educational institutions have a special social responsibility to initiate processes of sustainability transformation in society, nevertheless, activities that effectively address students as well as employees are rather moderate. To initiate change alongside strategic and political decisions, this paper aims to present findings of a gamification intervention (hereafter referred to as climate duel), which was implemented in a field study and tested to assess its potential as a supporting and transformative approach in a university context. Design/methodology/approach A three-month field study was conducted with two universities of applied sciences. The study included an environmental impact analysis of the two participating university departments, the conception and testing of the intervention and associated surveys to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention in order to and to obtain feedback that would allow the duel to be scaled up at other universities or institutions. Findings Three hundred seventy-five people took part and saved 2.6 tons of greenhouse gas emissions through their participation in the climate duel and their corresponding behavioural changes. In addition, feedback from the participants yielded positive results in terms of behavioural changes and generated valuable evidence for future implementations. Nevertheless, there is still room for improvement, especially in terms of supporting communication activities that promote social relatedness to motivate each other, share experiences or deal with implementation difficulties in everyday life. Originality/value Building on the promising effects of gamification, the study is a showcase for applied science. With the possibility of testing a theory-based intervention in practice, an implementable, effective and scalable measure for universities that helps to accelerate the transformation process is available.

Frontal alpha asymmetry during emotion regulation in adults with lifetime major depression

Emotion regulation (ER) often is impaired in current or remitted major depression (MD), although the extent of the deficits is not fully understood. Recent studies suggest that frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) could be a promising electrophysiological measure to investigate ER. The purpose of this study was to investigate ER differences between participants with lifetime major depression (lifetime MD) and healthy controls (HC) for the first time in an experimental task by using FAA. We compared lifetime MD (n = 34) and HC (n = 25) participants aged 18–24 years in (a) an active ER condition, in which participants were instructed to reappraise negative images and (b) a condition in which they attended to the images while an EEG was recorded. We also report FAA results from an independent sample of adolescents with current MD (n = 36) and HC adolescents (n = 38). In the main sample, both groups were able to decrease self-reported negative affect in response to negative images through ER, without significant group differences. We found no differences between groups or conditions in FAA, which was replicated within the independent adolescent sample. The lifetime MD group also reported less adaptive ER in daily life and higher difficulty of ER during the task. The lack of differences between in self-reported affect and FAA between lifetime MD and HC groups in the active ER task indicates that lifetime MD participants show no impairments when instructed to apply an adaptive ER strategy. Implications for interventional aspects are discussed.

Peer relationships, adolescent anxiety, and life satisfaction: a moderated mediation model in Turkish and syrian samples

Prior studies comparing Syrian refugee adolescents to their native peers in the same region have found higher anxiety and lower life satisfaction. Therefore, identifying regulatory variables is crucial for implementing support programs. This study examined the mediating effect of peer relationships and the moderating effect of being a refugee or native adolescent on the relationship between adolescent anxiety and life satisfaction across different samples. Participants and setting: The study included 2,336 adolescents aged 11–19 (M = 14.79, SD = 1.04). Participants completed the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The mediation and moderation effects were analyzed with the path analysis codes written on Mplus 8.3. SPSS 26 was used for descriptive statistics and group comparisons. The findings showed that peer relationships mediate adolescent anxiety and life satisfaction, and this relationship is moderated according to whether the participants are native adolescents or refugee adolescents. This study highlights the significant associations between peer relationships, adolescent anxiety, and life satisfaction and the moderating role of the participant identity. The findings may inform psychological interventions to improve Syrian refugee adolescents' mental health and well-being. These findings may also have implications for policies and programs aimed at supporting the integration of Syrian refugee adolescents in host communities.

Keterlibatan Orang Tua Dalam Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Perspektif Orang Tua Dan Guru

process, both at school and at home. The contribution of parents can optimize children's learning abilities and have an impact on the next stage. This study aims to determine parents' involvement in early childhood education based on the results of a perception survey related to their level of involvement in parent involvement programs in PAUD units. In addition, to determine the level of resilience of each family of learners and to find out the form of parental involvement activities implemented in several PAUD units in Banten. The approaches used were quantitative and qualitative approaches. The population in this study were parents of learners and PAUD teachers. The research sample was taken using a non-probability sample with random sampling technique, so that 152 respondents were obtained. Data collection was obtained from the distribution of instruments on the perception of family resilience level and the level of involvement in parent involvement programs in PAUD and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with teachers in schools that were used as respondents. Descriptive statistics data processing was analyzed using Microsoft Exel and based on the results of the Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Descriptive statistics measured include mean and standard deviation. The results of the data analysis were categorized and the percentage was sought. For the scale of parental involvement in PAUD and family resilience of learners in PAUD units, 5 categories were made, namely very low, low, medium, high, and very high. Meanwhile, the teacher's perspective on parental involvement in children's education is made into 3 categories, namely low, medium, and high. The results of data analysis based on the identification of the level of resilience of the families of learners in the 8 PAUD institutions and the level of parental involvement in parental involvement programs organized by the 8 PAUD institutions are on average in the medium to high category. This indicates that parents of learners perceive their families to have been able to work together as a team to deal with various life difficulties quite effectively and are able to maximize the utilization of their protective factors to help overcome difficult situations or risk factors. Parents have played an adequate role in supporting and facilitating their children's lives and development.

The effect of strabismus surgery on psychosocial and functional quality of life

Aims: To evaluate the effect of strabismus surgery on psychosocial and functional quality of life. Methods: 50 adult strabismus patients who presented to our outpatient clinic with the complaint of strabismus in one eye were included in the study. Routine ophthalmologic examinations and strabismus controls were performed. With the diagnosis of monocular fixed eso/exotropia, unilateral horizontal muscle retraction and resection surgery were planned, and preoperative adult strabismus score (AS-20), Rosenberg self-esteem, body perception, and social appearance anxiety questionnaires were applied. A postoperative PD of 10 or less was considered success, and the questionnaires were repeated at the 2nd postoperative month. Results: The mean age of the patients was 21.54±3.95 (16-32) years. Twenty-two of the patients were female, and 28 were male. Pre-operative and post-operative strabismus AS-20 score, Rosenberg self-esteem, body perception, and social appearance anxiety scales showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001). Conclusion: Strabismus is an important disease that can cause difficulties in social life both in childhood and adulthood. The aim of strabismus surgery is to restore normal facial appearance as well as functional correction. Our study results showed that successful strabismus surgery can improve the psychosocial and functional quality of life.

The Silver Lining of Posttraumatic Growth around the Dark Side of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A School-Based Intervention with Mindfulness and Character Strengths Practices among Children.

The theory of posttraumatic growth (PTG) proposes that from life difficulties positive changes can happen, such as deepened personal relationships and an awareness of new possibilities in life. PTG can occur naturally or can be facilitated. This study aimed to promote PTG through a school-based intervention of eight sessions of 45 min each with mindfulness and character strengths practices (the so-called "The exploration of happiness during the COVID-19 pandemic"). The study conducted assessments at baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up (i.e., one month after the intervention). The post-intervention results showed that the participants in the intervention group experienced an improvement in PTG, well-being, mindfulness, strengths use, and PTS symptoms compared to the children in the control group. Furthermore, these positive changes were sustained at follow-up. The findings of this study highlight that mindfulness-based strengths practices can increase positive outcomes (i.e., well-being, posttraumatic growth) and reduce negative psychological symptoms (PTS) among children. The implications for theory and practice are discussed, and detailed appendices for practitioners are provided.

Delayed mental, neurological and somatic disorders associated with COVID-19

Purpose of the study. To assess the nature of health complaints, frequency of occurrence, structure and characteristics of neurological, general somatic and mental disorders in people in the post-COVID period.Materials and methods. The main group (n=1000) was represented by people who had a new coronavirus infection, confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) SARS-CoV-2, from 18 to 60 years old. As part of the study, an extensive survey of the examined individuals was carried out, aimed at identifying the main psychoneurological and general somatic consequences that developed in the period from 4 weeks to 12 months after COVID-19.Results and discussion. The study included 289 men and 711 women (28.9% and 71.1%, respectively). The average age at the time of the examination was 40.2±11.8 years. More than half of the respondents were of working age, had a permanent job or were studying (72.3%), while 17.9% indicated a high level of physical activity before COVID-19. The majority of respondents suffered from mild COVID-19 (76.6%), in 23.4% of cases the disease was moderate. Among somatic (vegetative) disorders as a consequence of COVID-19, the most common complaints were hair loss (49.5%), fatigue in 77.5% of cases, regardless of workload and type of work, and fluctuations in blood pressure in 50.2% of patients. Women complained more intensely about hair loss (χ2=60.2608, df=9, p<.001), shortness of breath (χ2=17.5025, df=9, p=0.04), interruptions in heart function (χ2=22.7863, df=9, p=0.007).Among the respondents, the most common complaints were emotional disturbances, which determined the picture of anxiety and depressive disorders, as well as cognitive impairments in the form of memory loss (69.5%), concentration, difficulties with long-term attention maintenance (65,5%) and switching from one task to another (60%). With the age of the respondents, fatigue increased in intensity (R=0.2, p<0.05), insomnia (R=0.2, p<0.05), anxiety for health and for their close persons (R=0.2, p<0.05), neurological complaints (widespread muscle pain (R=0.3, p<0.05), pain in the spine (R=0.3, p<0.05), gait disturbances (R=0.2, p<0.05), as well as the intensity of general somatic complaints (urinary disorders (R=0.2, p<0.05), shortness of breath (R=0.2, p<0.05), pain and heaviness in the chest (R=0.2, p<0.05), irregular heartbeat (R=0.2, p<0.05), fluctuations in blood pressure (R=0.2, p<0.05). Clear gender differences in the intensity of post-COVID psychopathological manifestations were revealed. Women complained more strongly about post-COVID high fatigue (χ2=23.8901, df=9, p=0.004), general malaise (χ2=17.9304, df=9, p=0.04) and, accordingly, lower activity and inability to cope with household workload (χ2=22.3384, df=9, p=0.008) compared to men. Women had more severe dysmnestic disorders (χ2=23.0900, df=9, p=0.006) than men. Women were also characterized by having greater anxiety for close persons (χ2=20.5941, df=9, p=0.01) and insomnia (χ2=20.2633, df=9, p=0.02) than men. Post-COVID neurological disorders, despite their lower frequency and intensity of manifestations, caused the most significant difficulties in everyday life and predominated in older people.Conclusion. The clinical picture of post-COVID syndrome is represented by a wide range of somatic and neuropsychiatric disorders, which determines the specifics of patient management after the illness. When assessing long-term disorders, it is advisable to rely on the opinions of specialists as part of an interprofessional expert group, to make decisions on the implementation of a clinical diagnostic algorithm for each patient based on a systematic approach, taking into account specific symptoms or conditions. Preliminary results of our study showed that special attention should be paid to women at the stage of treatment of acute infection and rehabilitation, due to the higher incidence of psychoneurological complications of COVID-19 in them. Given the risks of long-term consequences of COVID-19 and the possibility of reinfection, it is critical to integrate basic and clinical research data to optimize cognitive preservation and quality of life for patients.

Kesejahteraan Psikologis Pada Orang Tua Anak Penyandang Disabilitas Di Sanggar Inklusi Wijaya Kusuma Kabupaten Sukoharjo

Psychological well-being is a condition where individuals can accept their strengths and weaknesses as they are, have positive relationships with other people, are able to direct their own behavior, are able to develop their own potential in a sustainable manner, are able to control the environment and have a goal in their life. Parents of children with special needs experience many difficulties in everyday life due to certain limitations that the child has, requiring parents to seek education and ensure that the child gets the same opportunities as normal children, the child must also undergo special therapy to ensure that he develops normally. positive into adulthood. Therefore, the psychological well-being of parents needs to be achieved optimally because parents act as educators and primary caretakers of children which can increase positive development in children. The aim of this research was to determine the psychological well-being of parents of children with disabilities at the Wijaya Kusuma Inclusion Studio, Sukoharjo Regency. The results show that parents have demonstrated several characteristics of psychological well-being, namely in the aspects of self-acceptance, autonomy, mastery of the environment and positive relationships with other people.

Impact of prehabilitation swallowing exercises on swallowing difficulty and quality of life among patients with head and neck cancer

Impact of prehabilitation swallowing exercises on swallowing difficulty and quality of life among patients with head and neck cancer

Impact of religion and spirituality on the incidence of depression and mental health among young adults in the Czech Republic.

The issue of the impact of religion and spirituality on mental health is a phenomenon which has recently become increasingly more accentuated. Despite the attention given to the topic, many questions still remain as to whether and how religion and spirituality affect a person's mental wellbeing. In the text below, we have focused on examining the relationship between religion and spirituality and mental health among young adults in the Czech Republic. Research also explored the idea that forgiveness can be viewed as a component of religion or spirituality. The research project was executed in close cooperation with STEM/MARK, a renowned data collection agency. The methodological framework was constructed with a dual focus: leveraging standardized questionnaires to ensure data reliability and comparability while also incorporating tailored questions that delve into the participants' socioeconomic status (SES) and background details. The study unfolded across four online sessions, a format chosen for its convenience and effectiveness in facilitating participant engagement while accommodating our respondents' diverse schedules. The total sample approached comprised of 270 young adults that expressed certain form of religiosity. Forgiveness and the depth of one's personal religious or spiritual history emerged as the most influential factors. Forgiveness was significantly associated with an increase in self-blame (positively), and decrease in refocusing, planning (both negatively), and putting things into perspective (negatively) (Beta = 0.25, Beta = -0.06, and Beta = -0.16, respectively). In contrast, a deeper personal religious history was positively associated with self-blame, rumination, and refocusing (Beta = 0.22, Beta = 0.13, and Beta = 0.15, respectively). The finding that forgiveness may be a risk factor associated with regularly elevated depressive symptoms, stress, and maladaptive coping strategies such as self-blame and ruminating over problems, while negatively affecting physical, psychological, and environmental quality of life, clearly points to the need to examine the inner aspects of individual religions and spiritualities. These findings suggest that religious and spiritual beliefs may play a key role in how people experience and manage the emotional burdens and difficulties of life.

Adult refugees' perspectives on the impact of trauma and post-migration hardships on learning.

Background: Research shows that adult refugees' well-being and future in the reception country heavily depend on successfully learning the host language. However, we know little about how adult learners from refugee backgrounds experience the impact of trauma and adversity on their learning.Objective: The current study aims to investigate the perspectives of adult refugee learners on whether and how trauma and other adversity affect their learning.Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews with 22 adult refugees (10 women) attending the Norwegian Introduction Programme (NIP). The participants came from six Middle Eastern, Central Asian, and African countries. Two questionnaires were included, one about past stressful life events (SLESQ-Revised), and one about mental health symptoms and current psychological distress following potentially traumatic experiences (PCL-5).Results: Participants held varying beliefs about trauma's impact on learning: that it had a constant impact, that it was situational, or that it had no impact. Other aspects they brought up as having an essential effect on learning and school attendance include psychological burdens from past and present school experiences, and post-migration hardships such as loneliness, depression, ongoing violence, and negative social control. Post-migration trauma and hardships exacerbated the burden of previous trauma and were frequently associated with a greater negative influence on learning.Conclusion: This study adds new insights from adult refugee learners themselves into how post-migration hardships as well as trauma can impact their learning, and the importance of recognising their struggles. A safe space is required for refugees to open up about their difficulties in life and with learning. This knowledge can be used to enhance teaching practices, foster better teacher-student relationships, and inform policy-making decisions, ultimately benefiting both individuals and society.

Aspects of acceptance: building a shared conceptual understanding.

Many contemplatives, scientists, and clinicians have pointed to the value of responding to life's difficulties by accepting experiences as they are. A growing body of research also suggests that acceptance contributes to effective coping with adversity, reduced stress, and improved emotional well-being. Yet within the scientific literature, there is little consensus on what acceptance means or how it should be measured. This makes it nearly impossible to synthesize empirical work on acceptance into a cohesive scientific understanding. Our goal in this paper is to clarify four facets of acceptance that are commonly referenced in research: acknowledging, allowing, non-judging, and non-attachment. We do not propose a specific definition of acceptance or even a set of privileged facets that must be included in future frameworks. We instead offer a vocabulary to facilitate productive communication among researchers that will, in turn, enable a more definitive scientific understanding of this important construct to emerge. After defining and explaining these aspects of acceptance, we further clarify these constructs in two ways. First, we illustrate how the four aspects are dissociable from one another. Second, we analyze their correspondence to related constructs from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Finally, we provide a concept worksheet that scholars can utilize to precisely operationalize acceptance in their own work.

Модель воспитания жизнестойкости подростков группы риска в волонтерской деятельности

The vulnerability of at-risk adolescents is manifested in the lack of formation of resilience qualities (positive system of value orientations, adequate assessment of the risk situation, determination, independence, volitional self-regulation, etc.), which together form an integral personal formation that ensures the readiness of adolescents to cope with life's difficulties without harm to physical and mental health. Resilience qualities can be nurtured by involving at-risk adolescents in emotionally intense, collective, interesting for them and beneficial to others, socially significant volunteer activities. Purpose: to develop a model for nurturing resilience in at-risk adolescents in volunteer activities. Research methods: theoretical analysis of scientific sources on the studied issue, comparative data analysis, generalization, modeling. Results. The model of fostering the resilience of adolescents at risk in volunteer activities includes interconnected blocks: methodological (approaches and principles on the basis of which the content is developed and the process of educating resilience is implemented); target (formulation of the purpose and the list of tasks); content (represented by an additional general development program for fostering the resilience of adolescents at risk in volunteer activities, including pedagogical support for adolescents at all stages of volunteer activities (preparation for volunteer functions performance, volunteer teams formation, volunteer projects development and implementation, results analysis), which actualizes the manifestation and purposeful fostering of resilience qualities in adolescents); activity (methods, forms and pedagogical technologies for fostering resilience in at-risk adolescents); result (assessment of the effectiveness of fostering resilience in at-risk adolescents); resource (methodological support for fostering resilience in at-risk adolescents in volunteer activities, cooperation of organizations working with adolescents at risk with municipal authorities developing municipal programs with a list of volunteer events and interacting with participants in the volunteer movement with the aim of adolescents participating in city volunteer activities and their acquisition of positive social experience).

КИНОФИЛЬМ КАК СРЕДСТВО ОБУЧЕНИЯ И ТЕРАПИИ ПСИХОЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ СОСТОЯНИЙ МОЛОДЕЖИ И СТУДЕНТОВ

The article is devoted to the use of cinema as a psychotherapeutic tool in the correction of mental and emotional states of students and youth. Its main purpose is to demonstrate the value and suitability of using motion pictures in the therapeutic process. The means of influence that a film can have on the viewer were analyzed. An attempt is made to analyze the concept of “film therapy” and the list of its components is clarified, the theoretical foundations of the method are analyzed, the main approaches are selected, the most expressive trends of modern psychological practice of using films are described. The article provides a general overview of the available research results on the use of films in therapeutic practice, using publications by Russian and foreign authors. A conceptual and definitional analysis of this phenomenon is carried out, and the most popular views on it are presented. The psychological mechanisms of the impact of films on the viewer, such as catharsis, identification with the hero, are considered. The main stages of the film therapy process are highlighted. It is shown that psychological work using works of cinematography can help young people cope with life difficulties, develop new positive personal qualities, increase tolerance, empathy and offer new ways of understanding specific problems, as well as be useful in learning. The tools of film therapy work are quite wide and can be used in various situations. The most undeveloped and controversial aspects of psychological work with the help of cinema are highlighted, such as the lack of standardized and sufficiently tested materials for work, which requires further research. By analyzing the available materials, it was found that films are an increasingly popular and effective method of therapy for psychoemotional conditions in Russia and the world. The results of the research conducted to date indicate that the use of film images in psychological practice, as well as at training events, gives positive psychotherapeutic effects.

Establishment of the Norwegian hearing register for children.

The Norwegian Directorate of Health approved the Norwegian Hearing Register for Children in 2022. The main objective of the register is to improve the quality of treatment for children with permanent hearing loss, by measures, follow-ups and monitoring the quality and results of the health care system. Inclusion criteria are children who do not pass universal newborn hearing screening and/or children with permanent hearing loss <18 years of age. Hearing loss is defined as pure-tone audiometry threshold of (PTA4) > 20 dB in at least one ear. Data are registered at the Ear, Nose and Throat departments at inclusion and at follow-ups at the age of 3, 6, 10, and 15 years. The register collects information about the child within a holistic perspective. The key elements of the register are (a) data concerning newborn hearing screening; (b) data concerning hearing, medical information, hearing amplification and intervention (c) patient reported outcome measures registered by caregivers using three questionnaires; Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and Parents' Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children. The register has established four quality indicators regarding newborn hearing screening and early intervention (a) the rate of false positive neonatal screens; (b) testing for congenital cytomegalovirus within 3 weeks of age for children who do not pass newborn hearing screening; (c) audiological evaluation to confirm the hearing status no later than 3 months of age and (d) initiated intervention within 3 months after confirmation of hearing status. The register will include the total population of hearing impaired children over long time periods. Thus, the register enables each hospital to monitor their quality indicator scores continuously and compare them with national levels in real time. This facilitates and accelerates identification of improvement areas in the hospitals and will be an important contributor for quality improvement in NHS, diagnostics and hearing intervention for children in Norway. In addition, data from the register will be a unique source for research, and study designs with a long follow-up time can be applied.