Difficulty Environment Research Articles

THE IMPACT OF EFFECTIVE RECESS DURATION ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

Background: It always remained important for school administrators and policy makers to improve student’s achievement scores. Reducing recess or break time to increase instructional time, has become a common practice in many parts of the world. Breaks during continued subjective undertakings should lessen psychological obstruction and boost learning and accomplishment.
 Objective: The objective of the study was to analyze the effect of increased recess time on English reading and Recall scores of 3rd and 4th grade students.
 Methodology: The study employed an experimental research design with pre-test and post-test scheme, experimental and control group, having 30 students each group from two elementary schools of District Okara, Pakistan. 3rd and 4th grade experimental group was assigned with an increased recess time of 60 minutes and the control group with 30 minutes a day. Sample was taken from these schools by stratified sampling using equal allocation, providing same difficulty environment. A scoring system was developed based on standardized tests. Statistical analysis was done by using t- test.
 Results: Results indicate a significant difference between Reading and Recall scores, in both groups.
 Conclusion: Policy makers and educationists must review policies and procedures regarding recess, and must note its role in the academic performance.

La inclusión educativa y social desde la música y la palabra TITLE: Educational and social inclusion from music and the word

The educational and social inclusion of music and speech is aimed, on the one hand, at improving the most disadvantaged people, facilitating integration in their environment and in difficult contexts, and on the other hand, creating a training program in order to That students of primary level could contribute, from their experience and knowledge acquired in their training, a complementary practical application to students of similar characteristics and in environments of difficulty. This proposal is an initiative to be carried out in future cooperation projects and is based on the hypothesis that education can influence factors of resilience and social inclusion, using music and word as the backbone to avoid social and educational exclusion in adults. This project is part of the 10th Call for aid for research and training projects of the Permanent Observatory of Immigration (OPI-UJI).