Regulation Difficulties Research Articles

어머니의 정서조절곤란과 유아의 부정적 정서조절의 관계에서 어머니의 양육스트레스의 매개효과

어머니의 정서조절곤란과 유아의 부정적 정서조절의 관계에서 어머니의 양육스트레스의 매개효과

A cluster-analytic approach to identity style classification: Four seems to be better than three

In their previous study Crocetti, Berzonsky, and Meeus evaluated the usefulness of empirically-based methods of classification in the process of distinguishing subgroups characterized by different identity styles. They suggested that the four-cluster solution best reflected intra-individual differentiation. One of these groups had not been predicted in Berzonsky’s identity style theory – the group of individuals high in both the normative and the informational style. The aim of this study was to replicate this observation and to expand the perspective of Crocetti et al. to include the emotional functioning of individuals from the different clusters. We were interested in the differences between individuals who predominately used particular identity styles with respect to the personal identity processes (exploration and commitment), the proneness to experience the negative emotions of shame and guilt, and the more general difficulty in regulation of negative emotional states. The participants of the study were 202 Polish university students between the age of 19 and 27. The obtained results showed that the four-cluster solution was the most optimal one. The differences between individuals with different identity styles are presented and discussed.

Gut interpretations: how difficulties in emotion regulation may help explain the relation of visceral sensitivity with depression and anxiety among young adults with gastrointestinal symptoms

It is widely recognized that abdominal pain and discomfort are common problems in the United States and are often associated with negative quality of life. The prevalence of anxiety/depression elevations and disorders among persons with gastrointestinal disturbances (GI) is estimated to be at least two to three times the rate in the general population. Visceral sensitivity reflects anxiety about GI sensations and its accompanying contexts and often leads to worsening of sensations (e.g. bloating, upset stomach, diarrhea). Among individuals with GI symptoms, visceral sensitivity may be associated with interpreting common sensations as catastrophic which may be related to greater difficulties with emotion dysregulation (e.g. severe anxiety and depression). The current study evaluated the indirect association of visceral sensitivity via emotion dysregulation in relation to depression, anxious arousal, and social anxiety symptoms among 344 young adults with a current history of GI symptoms and problems. Results indicated an indirect effect of visceral sensitivity via emotion dysregulation. These findings provide novel empirical support for the association of visceral sensitivity with emotional distress symptoms among young adults with GI symptoms. Based on the results, targeting emotion dysregulation may be a promising health promotion tactic among young adults with GI symptoms and disorders.

The Dual Mediation Effects of Difficulty in Emotional Differentiation and Maladaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation on the Relationship between Self-absorption and Interpersonal Problems

The Dual Mediation Effects of Difficulty in Emotional Differentiation and Maladaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation on the Relationship between Self-absorption and Interpersonal Problems

The solar-tracking optimal trajectory planning research based on minimum energy consumption in SSPS

Following the initial trajectory planning research on Integrated Symmetrical Concentrated architecture (ISC) which is a kind of a space solar power station (SSPS), a new trajectory optimization scheme adopting dynamic programming is presented, which combines the joint energy consumption with particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The advantage of the optimizing scheme can mitigate the difficulty in regulation and control due to the inertia shock of huge spatial structure during the course of solar-tracking, also it can balance the relationship between energy consuming and concentration efficiency. Firstly, the theory of energy-time integral in velocity space is given for this nonholonomic system; secondly, the angular positions of the joint are expressed as a set of spline interpolating functions expressed by piecewise 4-3-3-4 polynomial interpolation; then the dynamic programming is proposed which is realized by PSO searching algorithm; finally, a geometric method is proposed to analyze the relationship between the optimized position deviation and concentration efficiency, simulation results illustrate that the proposed optimization scheme can great mitigate the velocity sudden change and satisfy the required concentration efficiency. The proposed trajectory optimization strategy has practical engineering value for huge spatial structure especial in mechanism joint accelerant motion.

Difficulties in Emotion Regulation, Psychological Well-Being, and Hypersexuality in Patients With Substance Use Disorder in Iran

Background: Hypersexual disorder is described as multiple unsuccessful attempts to control or diminish the amount of time spent on engaging in sexual fantasies, urges, and behaviors in response to dysphoric mood states or stressful life events. Objectives: This study aimed at evaluating difficulties in the regulation of emotion, psychological well-being, and socio-economic status in explaining the dimensions of hypersexuality in patients with substance use disorder. Methods: The data presented here was obtained from a total of 285 individuals with substance use disorders, who were selected via a multi-cluster sampling method from residential treatment centers of drug abuse in the city of Tabriz, Iran, during years 2015 to 2016. Instruments used for collecting the required data were Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) as well as the Ryff Scale of Psychological Well-Being (RSPWB). Results: Findings showed there were significant relationships between hyper sexuality and difficulties in emotion regulation (r = 0.44, P < 0.01) and also between hyper sexuality and psychological well-being (r = -0.44, P < 0.01). The suggested model consists of suitable fitness with the data, and factors of difficulty in regulation of emotion, psychological well-being, and socio-economic status could effectively explain the dimensions of hypersexuality in individuals with substance use disorder (GFI = 0.91, AGFI = 0.87, CFI = 0.96, and RMSEA = 0.063). Conclusions: Results of this study provided sufficient evidence to support this model to explain the behavior of hypersexuality in individuals with substance use disorder and clinical practice could be based on this evidence. Specific treatment programs for people with addiction should be designed to prevent problems associated with relapse.

A comparison of difficulties in emotional regulations of patients with mild traumatic brain injury and normal controls

Background: Many individuals with traumatic brain injury experience difficulties with social behavior, some of which are attributed to difficulties in regulation of emotions. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the difficulties in emotional regulations of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) and normal controls. Patients and Methods: In this cohort study, 72 patients with MTBI and 72 normal controls with similar gender were selected. Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) questionnaires were completed for both the study groups at the beginning of the study and 6 months later. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression, Chi-square, and paired t-test. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between MTBI patients and normal controls in all subscales 6 months after MTBI, and in the total score of DERS, except for the nonaccepted scale and PANAS (P = 0.001), in which no significant difference was observed. In addition, the results of multivariate regression showed that trauma (β = 0.493), age (β = −0.196), familial history of mental disorders (β = −0.185), and financial status could predict emotional regulation (β = 0.148). Conclusions: It seems that mild traumatic brain injuries may be the cause of problems in social behaviors.

Нейропсихологические особенности расстройств шизофренического спектра, протекающих с кататонической и обсессивно-компульсивной симптоматикой

The aim of the present research was to study neuropsychological features of combined obsessive-compulsive and catatonic disorders in sc hizophrenia spectrum disorders. Material and methods : 60 patients with obsessive-compulsive and catatonic symptoms were examined. Neuropsychological examination was performed by the use of traditional set of tests (Luria, 1969) [1]. Results : 2 groups of patients with obsessive-compulsive and catatonic symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorders are differentiated: 1) OCD with the phenomena of obsessional slowness — obsessive-compulsive and catatonic symptoms develop in the consistent symptom complex; 2) OCD with the phenomena of soft catatonia is an independent manifestation of obsessive-compulsive and catatonic symptoms. The deficit of higher mental functions appeared as difficulties in voluntary regulation of behavior and praxis, intellect dysfunction and a decrease in neurodynamic parameters of mental activity. Severe dysfunction was found in patients with OCD with soft catatonia.

Dominant and opponent relations in cortical function: An EEG study of exam performance and stress.

This paper analyzes the opponent dynamics of human motivational and affective processes, as conceptualized by RS Solomon, from the position of AA Ukhtomsky's neurophysiological principle of the dominant and its applications in the field of human electroencephalographic analysis. As an experimental model, we investigate the dynamics of cortical activity in students submitting university final course oral examinations in naturalistic settings, and show that successful performance in these settings depends on the presence of specific types of cortical activation patterns, involving high indices of left-hemispheric and frontal cortical dominance, whereas the lack thereof predicts poor performance on the task, and seems to be associated with difficulties in the executive regulation of cognitive (intellectual) and motivational processes in these highly demanding and stressful conditions. Based on such knowledge, improved educational and therapeutic interventions can be suggested which take into account individual variability in the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying adaptation to motivationally and intellectually challenging, stressful tasks, such as oral university exams. Some implications of this research for opponent-process theory and its closer integration into current neuroscience research on acquired motivations are discussed.

Категоричность в оценках себя, других и ситуации у старшеклассников, употребляющих наркотические вещества

Introduction. Mechanisms and factors for psychoactive substance dependence and also psychological methods for its treatment and prevention have been widely researched. However, early diagnostics and prevention of psychoactive substance dependence among schoolchildren remain important today. The paper presents the results of the study of (a) categoricity in self-estimation and estimation of other people and situations in adolescents using drugs and (b) its relationship with other psychological risk factors for involvement in drug use. Categorical answers indicate the way of thinking when a person makes conclusions before considering all the possible alternatives. Such a way of thinking derives from difficulties in voluntary regulation with insufficient regard for possible solutions and future prospects. The present study is the first attempt to reveal associations among categoricity and psychological risk factors for involvement in drug use.&#x0D; Methods. The participants comprised 108 high school students using drugs, 637 high school students from various regions of Russia, and 540 middle school students. A methodical complex of psychological diagnostics of risk factors for adolescent involvement in drug use was employed in the study.&#x0D; Results. High school students’ categorical estimates indicated the risk of drug use and were associated with difficulties in voluntary regulation with unwillingness to plan the future and consider the alternatives in the clinical group. A defensive strategy of answers manifested itself in the association among categoricalness, overestimation of voluntary self-regulation, and denial of problems. On the contrary, the association between categoricity and accepting difficulties characterized an open strategy of answers when using drugs. High school students in the control groups had no such associations.&#x0D; Discussion. Categorical answers can be a nonspecific criterion for assessing the risk of drug involvement among high school students.

ANALYSIS OF CONSTITUTIONAL COURT LEGAL POSITION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON EXTREMIST CASES

Extremist cases are characterized by a set of features: a wide range of various criminal actions, their proof circumstances complexity, an ambiguous standard and legal regulation and other difficulties. This is a reason of diverse judicial and investigative practice formation. After analysis of judicial and investigative practice author reveals a num- ber of regularities which peculiar for affairs of this category. On the basis of all materials considered by the Constitutional court of the Russian Federation (46 cases on complaints consideration for the period from 1993 to 2017) the author analyses features of complaints and statutes which are the subject at appeal. Practice synthesis of the Constitutional court of the Russian Federation on cases of anti-extremism legislation and description of legal position of the Constitutional court is a result of done analysis. The author reveals and describes substantial aspects of complaints which have been rejected by the Constitutional court. Recommendations about complaints preparation and submission are stated. Special attention is paid to those circumstances which are the basis of the Constitutional court practice and are standard causes of failure in complaint consideration. According to analysis practice results of the Constitutional court of the Russian Federation the following provisions are proved: 1) practice of complaint consideration by the Constitutional court on cases of extremist offenses was already created and on certain questions is constantly reproduced in decisions, 2) law-linguistic uncertainty of anti-extremism legislation isn't an obstacle to its application, 3) results of judicial and expert researches are crucial for circumstances state and existence in expert practice of numerous collisions on similar affairs isn't a subject for the appeal in the Constitutional court. The research is done with financial support of RHSF on the agreement No. 16-33-01150.

Growth curves of clients’ emotional experience and their association with emotion regulation and symptoms

Objective: Emotional experience during psychotherapy is considered a core mechanism of change. Yet the sheer experience itself may not necessarily be beneficial; instead, the trajectories of emotional experience need to be explored as possible predictors of treatment outcomes. This study investigated whether clients’ pre-treatment levels of emotion regulation and symptoms predicted patterns of session-to-session change in emotional experience. We also explored which patterns better predict clients’ improvement in emotion regulation and symptoms from pre- to post treatment. Method: One-hundred and seven clients undergoing psychodynamic psychotherapy completed questionnaires on their symptoms and emotion regulation at pre- and post- treatment. They also reported their level of emotional experience at the end of each session. Results: Pre-treatment symptoms and difficulties in emotion regulation predicted greater instability in emotional experience. Higher mean levels of emotional experience during treatment were associated with an improvement in emotion regulation, and greater stability during treatment was associated with improvement in emotion regulation and symptoms. Conclusions: These findings lend weight to the idea that experiencing emotion in the therapeutic environment has significant implications for clients’ ability to manage their emotions outside the session. However, emotions experienced in an unstable manner within therapy are associated with poorer outcomes.Clinical and methodological significance of this article: Therapists can benefit from observing the patterns and not only the level of their clients’ emotional experiences. The identification of clients’ difficulties early in treatment may help therapists guide clients through the delicate process of carefully attending to their emotions.

Relationship between Body Image Concern, Difficulty in Emotion Regulation and Sexual Satisfaction of Healthy Women with Mastectomy

Relationship between Body Image Concern, Difficulty in Emotion Regulation and Sexual Satisfaction of Healthy Women with Mastectomy

The Role of Civil Society in EU Financial Regulation

‘The interests of European investors, consumers and SMEs,must be at the centre of the reform’. (European Commission, 4 March 2009) INTRODUCTION: A CRUCIAL AND OUTSTANDING ISSUE FOR THE EUROPEAN ECONOMY AND DEMOCRACY In March 2009, the European Commission (EC) recognized the need to put ‘the interests of European investors, consumers and SMEs at the centre of the financial markets reform’. The Commission therefore announced it will ‘ensure that the voice of European investors is much more strongly heard on all financial issues’. However, three years later, the European Economic and Social Committee still reported that ‘one of the reasons for the financial crisis was inadequate and ineffective regulation and supervision of the financial markets . One of the difficulties in financial regulation is how to ensure that differing and contradictory positions are given a balanced hearing . There is no effective counterweight to the legitimate representation of the financial sector's interests . Political debate primarily plays out between the legislator on one side and the financial sector concerned on the other’. Despite the creation and the development of BETTER FINANCE for all (formerly ‘EuroFinUse’, in short ‘Better Finance’) in 2009 and of Finance Watch in 2011 (section 2), and despite the build-up of independent competence (section 3), organised civil society still faces two major hurdles to become an ‘effective counterweight’ to the financial sector in the European political debate: – resources (section 4); and – equal access (section 5) to the public authorities. THE CURRENT REPRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL SERVICES USERS AND OF THE CIVIL SOCIETY AT LARGE THE CREATION OF BETTER FINANCE (THE EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF FINANCIAL SERVICES USERS) IN 2009 Before 2009, there was no civil society organisation dedicated to representing the ‘civil society’ interests in financial services at the European level, except for the specific case of individual shareholders who created ‘Euroshareholders’ as an Association Internationale Sans But Lucratif (non-profit international association) under Belgian law in 1992. It was very representative of European individual shareholder interests as it gathered about thirty national shareholder and other investor and saver organisations from around Europe. But – in addition to its limited scope – its resources were very small, barely allowing it to rent an office in Brussels and to organise one or two meetings per year.

Family violence in a sample of treatment-seeking gamblers: the effect of having dependent children

This study investigated the effect of problem gambler gender on the relationship between the gambler having dependent children (younger than 18 years) living at home and the gambler perpetrating or being a victim of family violence. The sample comprised 164 help-seeking gamblers (43% female; 37% with dependent child/ren) recruited from three national gambling treatment services in New Zealand. Family violence was measured using a modified version of the HITS scale covering physical, psychological, verbal, emotional and sexual violence. Forty-nine percent of participants reported being a victim of violence and 43% had perpetrated violence. Multivariable logistic regression modelling was conducted, adjusting in sequence for significant socio-demographic, psychosocial and gambling factors. The relationship between having dependent children and being a victim of family violence was gender-related. Female gamblers living with dependent children reported more family violence perpetration and victimisation than male gamblers living with dependent children. Female gamblers with dependent children living at home had greater odds of being a victim of family violence than male gamblers without dependent children living at home. This relationship remained when adjusted for contextual factors of being a victim (ethnicity, income support status, and feelings of inadequacy) in this sample. A similar gender effect of having dependent children living at home on violence perpetration disappeared when known psychosocial contextual factors of violence perpetration (aggression, difficulties in emotion regulation, drug issue in the family, and interpersonal support) were taken into account. These findings suggest the value of coordinated approaches between gambling treatment services and programmes supporting vulnerable families in order to identify vulnerable families and put support mechanisms in place.

부정정서와 인터넷중독의 관계 : 경험회피의 매개효과와 정서조절곤란의 조절된 매개효과

부정정서와 인터넷중독의 관계 : 경험회피의 매개효과와 정서조절곤란의 조절된 매개효과

Anger provocation in violent offenders leads to emotion dysregulation

Anger and anger regulation problems that result in aggressive behaviour pose a serious problem for society. In this study we investigated differences in brain responses during anger provocation or anger engagement, as well as anger regulation or distraction from anger, and compared 16 male violent offenders to 18 non-offender controls. During an fMRI adapted provocation and regulation task participants were presented with angry, happy and neutral scenarios. Prior research on violent offenders indicates that a combination of increased limbic activity (involved in emotion), along with decreased prefrontal activity (involved in emotion regulation), is associated with reactive aggression. We found increased ventrolateral prefrontal activity during anger engagement in violent offenders, while decreased dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal activity was found during anger distraction. This activity pattern was specific for anger. We found no exclusive pattern for happiness. In violent offenders, this suggests an increased need to regulate specifically during anger engagement and regulation difficulties when explicitly instructed to distract. The constant effort required for violent offenders to regulate anger might exhaust the necessary cognitive resources, resulting in a risk for self-control failure. Consequently, continuous provocation might ultimately contribute to reactive aggression.

예비 영유아교사의 정서조절곤란이 행동문제에 미치는 영향에서 성인애착과 공감능력의 조절효과

예비 영유아교사의 정서조절곤란이 행동문제에 미치는 영향에서 성인애착과 공감능력의 조절효과

Trait Mindfulness and Progression to Injection Use in Youth With Opioid Addiction

ABSTRACTBackground: Many youth initiate opioid misuse with prescription opioids and transition over time to more severe substance-using behaviors, including injection. Trait mindfulness is a potentially protective factor. Objectives: This is a cross-sectional study characterizing a sample of opioid-using youth by level of mindfulness and examines the potential effect modification of emotion regulation on the relationship between mindfulness and progression to injection opioid use. Methods: A convenience sample of 112 youth (ages 14–24) was recruited during an episode of inpatient detoxification and residential treatment for opioid use disorders. We examined emotion regulation (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale), mindfulness (Child Acceptance and Mindfulness Measure), and opioid use. We completed multivariable regressions stratified by degree of emotion regulation looking at relationship of mindfulness on time to injection use from age of first prescription opioid. Results: Youth had difficulties in emotion regulation (m = 104.2; SD = 2.41) and low mindfulness (m = 19.1;SD = 0.59). While we found overall that mindfulness was associated with time to progression to injection opioid use, there was significant effect modification. Among youth with high levels of difficulty in emotion regulation, those with high mindfulness trait had quicker progressions to injection (−1.31 years; p =.003). In contrast, youth with normal emotion regulation and high mindfulness trait had a slower progression to injection (1.67 years; p =.041). Conclusion/Importance: Our study showed a majority of youth presenting with opioid use disorders have impairments in emotion regulation and deficits in trait mindfulness. The relationship between mindfulness and opioid use is impacted by emotion regulation capacity. More research is needed to understand the various facets of mindfulness and how they interact with emotion regulation in youth.

Is cloninger type 1 and type 2 alcoholism differ in terms of emotion regulation?

IntroductionEmotional disturbances are a central characteristic of many mental disorders, including alcohol addiction.ObjectivesIn this study we aimed to investigate the emotion disregulation among alcohol use disorders and to compare the emotion regulation difficulties with type 1 and type 2 alcoholism.MethodsThirty-three treatment-seeking AUD individuals were recruited from addiction division of psychiatry department of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University. Patients who agreed to participate in the study and completed detoxification treatment were enrolled to the study. After describing the study and obtaining informed consent, participants were assessed with demographic questionnaires (including questions such as age, gender, income status, duration of alcohol use, amount of alcohol use, duration of abstinence were given to participants) followed by the semi-structured interview. Emotion regulation was assessed with the difficulties in emotion regulation scale.ResultOf the patients, 93.9% were male. The average age of participants was 41.21 ± 12.8 years. Of the participants, 60.6% were type 1 and 39.4% of type 2. There was statistically significant difference between type 1 and type 2 alcoholism in terms of emotion regulation. Type 2 alcoholism has more emotional regulation difficulties than type 1 alcoholism. This finding may be consistent with earlier onset of having more impulsive drinking pattern in type 2.ConclusionsIn conclusion alcohol use disorders are thought to be associated with emotion dysregulation. Emotion regulation difficulties, was higher in type 2 than type 1. Emotional regulation strategies should be considered in the interventions and may be evaluated as a new prognostic criteria.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.