Difficulties In Translation Research Articles

Challenges in Translating Press Terminology in Arabic: An Analytical Study

This article explores the challenges of translating press terminology into Arabic, highlighting the importance of accurate translation for effective cross-cultural communication. Specific translation difficulties, including terms without direct equivalents, idiomatic expressions, and culturally sensitive phrases, are examined. Through a comparative analysis, the study identifies strategies such as standardization, adaptation, and paraphrasing to improve translation accuracy and readability. Recommendations for further research emphasize the need for standardized terminology and enhanced translator training to address these complexities and promote clarity in Arabic media.

An Introduction to the Difficulties in Translating Sacred Texts

Religious translation contributes significantly to the development of translation as a subject. In the field of religious translation, the most frequently translated documents are sacred texts since sacred texts are central to a religion. However, due to complicated and sensitive cultural elements sacred texts contain, the translating processes of any sacred texts are filled with difficulties. To produce more adequate translation of sacred texts, the potential difficulties are ought to be studied and understood. This article will introduce the major difficulties in translating sacred texts and, briefly discuss current methods utilized in sacred text translation, and provide suggestions. Contents will be provided in the following order: reasons for translating sacred texts (introduction), linguistic difficulties in the sacred text translation, religious issues in the sacred text translation, current translation method of the sacred text, and conclusion with suggestions on the potential methods of sacred text translation depending on a translation’s target audiences.

Investigating Translation Students’ Challenges in Rendering Arabic Idioms and Proverbs into English: Insights and Recommendations

This study investigates the challenges faced by 4th-year students majoring in Translation at Al-Buraimi University College in Oman when translating proverbs and idioms from Arabic into English. These expressions pose particular difficulties in translation due to their cultural and linguistic specificity, often requiring more than literal translation to convey their intended meaning accurately in the target language. Understanding these challenges is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of translation education programs and improving students’ proficiency in handling idiomatic expressions. The findings showed that 4th-year translation students experienced three main difficulties in translating proverbs and idioms, ranging from the semantic and syntactic fields to cultural differences. First, semantically speaking, they struggled to grasp the meaning of the source text and find the closest equivalent proverb or idiom in the English language. Second, from the syntactic perspective, learners showed several deficiencies in making a correct structure in English. Third, the high percentage of wrong answers revealed a lack of cultural awareness regarding the target culture. This research employs qualitative methods to identify common difficulties that students encounter, offering insights into potential strategies and pedagogical approaches to address these challenges effectively. By focusing on idiomatic expressions and proverbs, this study contributes to the broader discourse on translation education and highlights the importance of cultural competence in achieving accurate and nuanced translations.

Stem Cell Interventions in Neurology: From Bench to Bedside.

Stem cell therapies are progressively redefining the treatment landscape for a spectrum of neurological and age-related disorders. This review discusses the molecular and functional attributes of stem cells, emphasizing the roles of neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells in the context of neurological diseases such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. The review also explores the potential of stem cells in addressing the aging process. The paper analyzes stem cells' intrinsic properties of self-renewal, differentiation, and paracrine effects, alongside the importance of laboratory-modified stem cells like induced pluripotent stem cells and transgenic stem cells. Insights into disease-specific stem cell treatments are offered, reviewing both successes and challenges in the field. This includes the translational difficulties from rodent studies to human trials. The review concludes by acknowledging the uncharted territories that warrant further investigation, emphasizing the potential roles of stem cell-derived exosomes and indole-related molecules, and aiming at providing a basic understanding of stem cell therapies.

Subtitling profanity into Malay: Balancing formal and creative taboo expressions

Introduction: Translation of swearwords has unceasingly gained traction in audiovisual translation. In subtitling, swearing does not only warrant linguistic consideration but other multimodal elements, such as intonation and body movement. Apart from subtitling technicalities, the difficulties of swearword translation are also impeded by their explicit and implicit forms, as well as the linguistic-cultural differences in source-target texts. This study aims to deliberate on the Malay translation of English swearwords of ‘fuck’ and ‘shit’ in two episodes of Netflix TV series The History of Swearwords.Methods: To this end, it employs a comparative and descriptive analysis by developing a parallel corpus by utilising AntConc and AntPConc software. The selection of Netflix posits no local law or policy restrictions and censorship.Results: The comparative analysis found a linkup between creative and formal subtitling of the swearwords, which signals a prevalent pragmatic and cultural foundation in the translation, especially vis-à-vis the deletion and neutralisation procedures. The study also raises other notable concerns, such as the identification and semantic comprehension of swearwords by the series subtitlers.Conclusions: Overall, the study posits that the socio-pragmatic factors, among others are still central for the English-Malay translation strategies of the swearwords in maintaining both linguistic accuracy and cultural appropriateness for target audience

Real-time monitoring of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) by in vivo flow cytometry.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vesicular structures comprised of a bilayer lipid membrane, released by living cells. There is a growing body of evidence for their functionality, indicating that small EVs (sEVs) can mediate specific forms of intercellular communication. The future applications of sEVs hold great promise, not only as diagnostic markers but also as therapeutic agents. However, the greatest difficulty in the clinical translation of sEVs is that they are currently poorly understood, especially concerning their in vivo behaviour. In this study, we provide a novel method for monitoring sEVs in blood circulation based on in vivo flow cytometry (IVFC). We have demonstrated that the height of the IVFC signal baseline is proportional to the concentration of sEVs. Moreover, we have found out that the peaks in the IVFC signal are generated by the aggregation or cellular uptake of sEVs. In vivo monitoring of sEVs clearance from the blood indicates that PEGylated sEVs have a longer residence time and exhibit less aggregation in circulation compared to non-PEGylated sEVs. These studies reveal that IVFC enables real-time in vivo monitoring of circulating sEVs, which can provide valuable insights into the pharmacokinetics and cellular targeting capabilities of sEVs.

English Jokes in Azerbaijani: Not Always on the Same Train

People do not use humour just for the sake of entertainment, it is a part of everyday communication and information processing system. Since it touches many areas of human life, translators will be tasked with translating jokes at the end of the day. However, translating a joke is not a simple task. Maintaining the spirit of jokes requires translator’s proper and special skills. The main purpose of the paper is to identify which kinds of jokes are translatable or untranslatable from English into Azerbaijani. The researchers made an attempt to classify jokes according to their translatability extent and translation difficulties. Theoretical information is supported by practical examples. The study reveals that jokes that present unique perspectives can be easily translated; however, the ones that are based on linguistic ambiguity, namely lexical-semantic, structural-syntactic and phonological ambiguity pose essential difficulties for the translator.

“АЛПОМИШ” ДОСТОНИДА ЛЕКСИК-СЕМАНТИК ГУРУҲЛАРНИНГ ТАҲЛИЛИ МАСАЛАЛАРИ

This article discusses today’s current issues – language and culture, their mutual relations, the linguistic and cultural aspects of the repetitions in the English translation of the rare work “Alpomish”, which embodies the national customs and traditions of the Uzbek people. The ability of the translator, who is a bridge between two unrelated languages, as well as suggestions and recommendations on translation difficulties and their elimination, are given.

Bibliometric Analysis of English Language Students' Perspectives on Difficulties in Translation

Bibliometric Analysis of English Language Students' Perspectives on Difficulties in Translation

Nerve Regeneration Potential of Antioxidant-Modified Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots in Peripheral Nerve Injury.

Peripheral nerve injury is a major societal concern. Black phosphorus (BP) has inherent advantages over cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine. However, controlling spontaneous degradation and size-dependent cytotoxicity remains challenging and poses difficulties for clinical translation. In this study, we constructed zero-dimensional BP quantum dots (QDs) modified with antioxidant β-carotene and comprehensively investigated them in Schwann cells (SCs) to elucidate their potential for peripheral nerve repair. In vitro experiments demonstrated that BPQD@β-carotene has an inappreciable toxicity and good biocompatibility, favoring neural regrowth, angiogenesis, and inflammatory regulation of SCs. Furthermore, the PI3K/Akt and Ras/ERK1/2 signaling pathways were activated in SCs at the genetic, protein, and metabolite levels. The BPQD@β-carotene-embedded GelMA/PEGDA scaffold enhanced functional recovery by promoting axon remyelination and regeneration and facilitating intraneural angiogenesis in peripheral nerve injury models of rats and beagle dogs. These results contribute to advancing knowledge of BP nanomaterials in tissue regeneration and show significant potential for application in translational medicine.

Реконтекстуалізація в перекладі студентського сленгу

Student slang as a secondary communication system is used by students exclusively in the context of informal conversation, since slang units cannot be used appropriately without knowing specific university terminology. The difficulty of translating such profanity is caused by the need for recontextualization – the translator's reconstruction of the source and target text contexts. The study of student slang words, in particular the techniques of translating them from English into Ukrainian, is relevant due to the dynamic nature of student slang, as well as the expansion of the boundaries of contemporary academic mobility of students. The purpose of the article is to determine the peculiarities of using the recontextualization strategy in the main techniques of translating student slang from English into Ukrainian. The integrated study of recontextualization in student slang translation involved the application of the following methods: the method of continuous sampling (for assembling slang units from student web-blogs), the method of descriptive observation (for defining possible techniques of translating student slang), methods of analysis and synthesis (for singling out lexical and stylistic peculiarities of student slang translation and formulation of conclusions). Results. Within the framework of sociocognitive approach, context is considered to be a special mental construct generated by participants in their episodic memory in the course of communicative interaction. The relevant constituents of the unique, subjective and dynamic context model include the sender and receiver of the message, their relationship, personal (situational) and sociocultural knowledge, evaluations and emotions, place and time of communication. A translator as a mediator of communicative interaction between the sender and the receiver of the message, also constructs a context model. Effective translation activity is possible only if the peculiarities of the context models of both the sender and the receiver of the message are taken into account. That is why the translator's context model is formed by incorporating the context models of both communicative partners into an integrated context model. Recontextualization as a linguistic and cognitive operation is aimed at reconstructing a communicative situation in the conceptual coordinates of communicative partners. Recontextualization in translation is a comprehensive translation strategy that affects all structural and communicative levels of the text and is used to adapt the translated text to the conditions acceptable in the target environment and the pragmatics of bilingual interaction. The strategy of recontextualization in student slang translation includes several stages: reconstructing the integrated context model that will resonate with the usual, everyday conditions of student life; domesticating the source text through analogy and specification; using appropriate translation techniques and transformations to reproduce the meaning of student slang in the target language. A comprehensive analysis of the illustrative material proved that the strategy of recontextualization involves such most frequent techniques of translating student slang as the search for appropriate equivalents in the target language, descriptive translation, explication and calquing. The highlighting stylistic features of translating student slang include metaphor, metonymy and antonomasia. The stylistic load of student slang often causes translation difficulties, since the strategy of recontextualization requires the involvement of a wide range of not only situational background, but also encyclopaedic knowledge. Originality. The article presents the attempt of making a deep insight into the application of the recontextualization strategy in translating student slang from English into Ukrainian. Conclusion. The results of the study prove that student slang is a multifaceted and emotionally coloured linguistic phenomenon that serves not only as a means of communication but also as a kind of sypher encoded in a mosaic of words and phrases. The strategy of recontextualization as a multi-stage linguistic and cognitive operation is focused on the reconstruction of the communicative situation by the translator in order to adapt the target text and adequately translate slang units. It is proved that the main techniques of translating student slang from English into Ukrainian are the search for appropriate equivalents in the target language, descriptive translation, explication and calquing. Metaphor, metonymy and antonomasia are the most effective and frequent stylistic means aimed at fulfilling the pragmatic function of slang units. We consider the study of possible ways of translating student abbreviations and phraseological units from English into Ukrainian to be much promising.

Contributorship Collaboration: Translating the CrediT taxonomy into Russian

CRediT is a high-level taxonomy with 14 roles to describe author participation in scientific research. Although this taxonomy is used by thousands of journals around the world, it is currently available only in the English language. Volunteers from around the world have joined their efforts to make CRediT a multi-lingual instrument. The intention is to create not only human-readable, but also machine-readable translations that could be integrated into various systems (e.g., digital editorial offices). In this paper, we describe the process and outcome of translating the CRediT taxonomy into the Russian language. We note some flaws in the description of individual roles in the original language, which created additional translation difficulties. The question is raised about the necessity of describing the types of author participation in cases where the study is carried out by one researcher.

Natural Products from Herbal Medicine Self-Assemble into Advanced Bioactive Materials.

Novel biomaterials are becoming more crucial in treating human diseases. However, many materials require complex artificial modifications and synthesis, leading to potential difficulties in preparation, side effects, and clinical translation. Recently, significant progress has been achieved in terms of direct self-assembly of natural products from herbal medicine (NPHM), an important source for novel medications, resulting in a wide range of bioactive supramolecular materials including gels, and nanoparticles. The NPHM-based supramolecular bioactive materials are produced from renewable resources, are simple to prepare, and have demonstrated multi-functionality including slow-release, smart-responsive release, and especially possess powerful biological effects to treat various diseases. In this review, NPHM-based supramolecular bioactive materials have been revealed as an emerging, revolutionary, and promising strategy. The development, advantages, and limitations of NPHM, as well as the advantageous position of NPHM-based materials, are first reviewed. Subsequently, a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the self-assembly strategies specific to seven major classes of NPHM is highlighted. Insights into the influence of NPHM structural features on the formation of supramolecular materials are also provided. Finally, the drivers and preparations are summarized, emphasizing the biomedical applications, future scientific challenges, and opportunities, with the hope of igniting inspiration for future research and applications.

Tourism Terminology and its Difficulties in Translation

Teaching English for the Applied Modern Languages specialisations for almost 15 years I have reached the conclusion that teaching translation to non-philological students is a tricky process. Moreover, teaching idioms, expressions, specialized vocabulary related to travelling and tourism proves to be a real challenge for students. The present study focuses on a constrastive investigation of Tourism terminology in English and Romanian. This paper scratched the surface of what a corpus can reaveal and may give you a flavour of the possibilities open to further research.

Spanish translation of the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) compilation

BackgroundMost implementation science resources (e.g., taxonomies) are published in English. Linguistic inaccessibility creates a barrier to the conduct of implementation research among non-English-speaking populations, so translation of resources is needed. Translation into Spanish can facilitate widespread reach, given the large proportion of Spanish speakers around the world. This research aimed to systematically translate the Expert Recommendations for Implementation Change (ERIC) compilation into Spanish as an exemplar for the linguistic translation process.MethodsUsing the World Health Organization guidelines, this work translated the ERIC compilation strategy names, short definitions, and thematic clusters through a three-step process: 1) forward translation into Spanish by a native Spanish-speaking implementation scientist, 2) back-translation into English by a bilingual global health researcher, and 3) piloting via virtual focus group discussions with bilingual researchers not conducting implementation research. To achieve a generalizable translation, recruitment targeted a multicultural group of Spanish-speaking researchers. At the conclusion of each step, the transdisciplinary research team (N = 7) met to discuss discrepancies and refine translations. The Spanish version of the ERIC compilation was finalized through group consensus. Reflections from research team meetings and focus group discussions were synthesized qualitatively.ResultsGiven that dialectical nuances exist between Spanish-speaking regions, efforts prioritized universally accepted terminology. Team discussions focused on difficult translations, word choice, and clarity of concepts. Seven researchers participated in two focus groups, where discussion surrounded clarity of concepts, alternative word choice for Spanish translations, linguistic formality, grammar, and conciseness. Translation difficulties highlighted lack of precision in implementation science terminology, and the lack of conceptual clarity of words underscored limitations in the application of the compilation.ConclusionsThe work demonstrated the feasibility of translating implementation science resources. As one of the first systematic efforts to translate implementation resources, this study can serve as a model for additional efforts, including translation into other languages and the expansion to conceptual modifications. Further, this work yielded insights into the need to provide conceptual clarity in implementation science terminology. Importantly, the development of Spanish resources will increase access to conduct implementation research among Spanish-speaking populations.

Exploring Challenges Faced ny Students in Translating Four English Text Genres

Translation is not an easy task every translator inevitably faces several difficulties, such as language problems, grammar, and cultural elements in the target language. This study is aimed to investigates the challenges encountered by students in translating English text, focusing on secondary school contexts in Indonesia. This study employed a systematic literature review methodology, the study identifies and analyses difficulties in translation through a five-phased approach. The findings reveal a various obstacle, including linguistic barriers, cultural disparities, and grammatical complexities. The analysis underscores the necessity for targeted interventions to address these challenges and enhance students' translation proficiency. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of linguistic competence, particularly in grammar and vocabulary, in overcoming translation difficulties.

Recent advances in measuring the effects of diet on gastrointestinal physiology: Probing the "leaky gut" and application of real-time ultrasound.

There is a large pool of ideas in both mainstream and non-mainstream medicine on how diet can be manipulated in order to treat or prevent illnesses. Despite this, our understanding of how specific changes in diet influence the structure and function of the gastrointestinal tract is limited. This review aims to describe two areas that might provide key information on the integrity and function of the gastrointestinal tract. First, demystifying the "leaky gut syndrome" requires rational application and interpretation of tests of intestinal barrier function. Multiple ways of measuring barrier function have been described, but the inherent difficulties in translation from animal studies to humans have created misinterpretations and misconceptions. The intrinsic nature of intestinal barrier function is dynamic. This is seldom considered in studies of intestinal barrier assessment. To adequately understand the effects of dietary interventions on intestinal barrier function, background barrier function in different regions of the gut and the dynamic responses to stressors (such as psychological stress) should be assessed as a minimum. Second, intestinal ultrasound, which is now established in the assessment and monitoring of inflammatory bowel disease, has hitherto been poorly evaluated in assessing real-time intestinal function and novel aspects of structure in patients with disorders of gut-brain interaction. In conclusion, a more complete functional and structural profile that these investigations enable should permit a greater understanding of the effects of dietary manipulation on the gastrointestinal tract and provide clinically relevant information that, amongst other advantages, might permit opportunities for personalized health care delivery.

DIFFICULTIES IN TRANSLATING POPULAR SCIENCE TEXT IN THE FIELD OF ECONOMY (ON THE MATERIAL OF THE MONOGRAPH A.R. KROEBER CHINA`S ECONOMY: WHAT EVERYONE NEEDS TO KNOW)

Background. An adequate translation should fulfill the purpose of communication, which is imbedded in the original. At the same time, it is necessary to take into consideration both the content of the text and its pragmatic function. The translator`s task is using various types of translation transformations to select adequate lexical, phraseological, grammatical structures to maintain the pragmatic function of the translation at the level of the original. The authors of the article study the most interesting examples of translation difficulties based on the material of the monograph A.R. Kroeber China’s Economy: What Everyone Needs to Know and offer their own variants of their translation. Purpose. Analysis of the translation difficulties of a popular scientific text on economic topics. Materials and methods. The main research method is comparative analysis. The article is based on the text of the monograph A.R. Kroeber China’s Economy: What Everyone Needs to Know. Results. Analysis of the text of the monograph (parts 2.6-3.3 / 30,048 sign.) has revealed more than 200 translation difficulties with the help of which the pragmatic function of the text is preserved. These linguistic phenomena require detailed analysis using logical thinking, linguistic and extensive background knowledge for their adequate translation. The results of the research can be used in the preparation of lecture materials and practical tasks for the program "Translator in the field of professional communication" in disciplines focused on translation studies.

ON THE DIFFICULTIES OF TRANSLATION OF NEOLOGISMS AND LEXICAL AND PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS OF VARIOUS STYLES IN VLADIMIR PUTIN’S PUBLIC SPEECHES: A CASE STUDY OF THE FRENCH AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES

The paper is focused on the issue of lexical-phraseological composition of modern public political speeches, which has been significantly changed over the past few decades as a result of such linguistic and extra-linguistic factors as the rise of verbal aggression in non-cooperative speech acts due to language democratization; the emergence of new trends in economic, socio-political and cultural areas of society; the removal and destruction of speech taboos between the 20th and 21st centuries. These factors have shifted from the peripheral part of political discourse to its center such lexical units which previously were practically never found in institutional types of discourse and were exclusively the prerogative of personality-oriented discourse. A massive use of stylistically marked and culturally determined lexical units, along with various neologisms, has prompted a need to find solutions to overcome lexical-grammatical and stylistic difficulties in public political translation. Public speeches of the Russian President Vladimir Putin over the period from 2015 to 2022 served as the source of the analysis, because they have a marked interstyle nature

Challenges in Translation News Headlines: A Case of English Headlines Rendered into Arabic

The study aims at investigating the challenges and the strategies the translator may encounter while translating news headlines from English into Arabic. Translating headlines across languages can pose unique challenges due to linguistic and cultural differences. To achieve the goals of the study, the researcher collected ten examples from three bilingual news websites that are BBC, Aljazeera, and CNN: Aljazeera website, CNN website, BBC website translated from English into Arabic. In analyzing the data, the researcher draws mainly on Mona Baker's model (1992) and Critical Discourse Analysis of Fairclough (1995) by analyzing and explaining three levels of texts: structure, production, and comprehension. To ensure that the intended goals are achieved in the target language, translators need to apply multiple translation strategies that convey the idea without compromising the general meaning of the press headline and without being affected by cultural factors in translation. The study analyzed ten headlines from different websites to identify the translation difficulties and strategies used and it offered solutions and recommendations for the translators.