Difficult Lighting Conditions Research Articles

Digital imaging for the general dental practitioner: 3. Extra-oral imaging.

Images of patients, x-rays, study models, and general views of the practice and staff were often left to the more experienced photographer. Digital imaging has rendered the majority of photography possible for the General Dental Practitioner. Difficult lighting conditions were often a problem in the past, but these can largely be overcome with the facilities built into the latest digital technology.

Pipe inspection using a laser-based transducer and automated analysis techniques

This paper presents a new sensing methodology for the automated inspection of pipes. Standard inspection systems, as they are for example used in waste pipes and drains, are based on closed-circuit television cameras which are mounted on remotely controlled platforms and connected to remote video recording facilities. Two of the main disadvantages of such camera-based inspection systems are: 1) the poor quality of the acquired images due to difficult lighting conditions and 2) the susceptibility to error during the offline video assessment conducted by human operators. The objective of this research is to overcome these disadvantages and to create an intelligent sensing approach for improved and automated pipe-condition assessment. This approach makes use of a low-cost lighting profiler and a camera which acquires images of the light projections on the pipe wall. A novel method for extracting and analyzing intensity variations in the acquired images is introduced. The image data analysis is based on differential processing leading to highly-noise tolerant algorithms, particularly well suited for the detection of small faults in harsh environments. With the subsequent application of artificial neural networks, the system is capable of recognizing defective areas with a high success rate. Experiments in a range of waste pipes with different diameters and material properties have been conducted and test results are presented.

A High-Speed Color Negative Film

The new 35mm camera film, Eastman Color Negative Film, Type 5250, has been designed to replace Eastman Color Negative Film, Type 5248. The new film has a similar structure but is twice as fast as the older film. This permits exposures under more difficult lighting conditions, or with greater depth of field or more economy in set lighting. Processing and printing procedures are similar to those for Type 5248. Minor differences in the characteristics of the two films which may affect picture quality are discussed.