Difficult Behaviour Research Articles

Research of a multithreaded non-deterministic system model

Managing the systems which behaviour is non-deterministic is one of the most important problems in modern management theory. Today, systems with structural and behavioural complexity are prevalent in all areas of human activity, and therefore, their research is of the utmost importance. Such systems, as opposed to deterministic systems, are called non-deterministic. They are characterised by difficult predictable behaviour determined both by external random influences, and within the systems themselves. A clear example of a non-deterministic system is crowds of people, factories, and computer networks and systems. The problem of non-deterministic behaviour directly within the context of professional activities can be seen using an example of building syntactic analysers. The aim of the paper is to design a class of systems oriented towards supporting elements of a discrete event model. The target of research is to simulate discrete event models. The subject of research is a creation of a discrete event model based on the behaviour of an undetermined finite state automaton. During the preparation of the paper, there was developed and practically implemented an algorithm for the application, which materializes the principle of working with threads. The results obtained in the paper are aimed at solving the problem of parallel data processing based on the parallelism of NFA's (non-deterministic finite automaton) behaviour when reading the input string characters. As a result, this should have a positive impact on the regulation of the simulation processes of a non-deterministic system, increasing its efficiency and stability. In conclusion, the algorithm of the application work is disclosed and conclusions about the effectiveness and efficiency of its development are drawn.

Overcoming hurdles to intervention studies with autistic children with profound communication difficulties and their families.

Autistic children and adults who are non-verbal/minimally verbal or have an intellectual disability have often been excluded from Autism Spectrum Disorder research. Historical, practical and theoretical reasons for this exclusion continue to deter some researchers from work with this underserved population. We discuss why these reasons are neither convincing nor ethical, and provide strategies for dealing with practical issues. As part of a randomised controlled trial of an intervention for children with profound autism, we reflected as a multi-disciplinary team on what we had learnt from these children, their families and each other. We provide 10 strategies to overcome what appeared initially to be barriers to collecting data with this population. These hurdles and our solutions are organised by theme: interacting physically with children, how to play and test, navigating difficult behaviours, selecting suitable outcome measures, relating with parents, managing siblings, involving stakeholders, timing interactions, the clinician’s role in managing expectations, and recruitment. The aim of this article is to provide researchers with the tools to feel motivated to conduct research with children with profound autism and their families, a difficult but worthwhile endeavour. Many of these lessons also apply to conducting research with non-autistic children with intellectual disabilities.Lay abstractAutistic children who speak few or no words or who have an intellectual disability are the most in need of new understandings and treatments, but the most often left out of the research that can bring these benefits. Researchers perceive difficulties around compliance with instructions, testing, challenging behaviours and family stress. Although research with these children can indeed be difficult, their continuing exclusion is unethical and unacceptable. Drawing on our experiences testing a possible treatment for children with profound autism, we provide 10 practical guidelines related to (1) interacting physically, (2) combining play and testing, (3) responding to challenging behaviour, (4) finding suitable tests, (5) relationships with parents, (6) relationships with siblings, (7) involving stakeholders, (8) planning the testing times, (9) the role of the clinical supervisor and (10) recruiting and retaining participants. We hope that these guidelines will prepare and embolden other research teams to work with profoundly autistic children, ending their historical exclusion from research. These guidelines also could be useful for conducting research with children with intellectual disabilities.

Are the Most Effective Approaches towards Helping Students with Emotional Behavioural Disorders (EBDs) Predisposed and Trait Based?

Trait emotional intelligence (EI) may prove to be most valuable as an approach for dealing with others’ behaviours/emotions via its related psychological processes. Personality trait theory posits that an individual’s level of EI affects their cognitive-affective-behavioural reaction towards students with emotional behavioural disorders (EBDs) and influences the level of difficult behaviour. EI would be an essential element in fostering supportive interactions with students as a way of preventing and/or managing disruptive behaviours. The author explores which individuals are more predisposed to discriminate against EBD students using an attribution model framework and identifies the most effective and supportive EI traits. Two hundred and sixty-one teachers from 51 Victorian schools completed self-report questionnaires, including the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. A quantitative survey methodology used vignettes (depicting a student with either mild or severe EBD symptoms), with 50/50 surveys randomly distributed. Teacher EI predicted the behaviour towards students with EBDs, whilst bypassing or biasing conscious thought processing. Combinations of EI traits were identified that produced the most desirable outcomes, demonstrating EI’s propensity to direct reactions towards a more effective or dysfunctional helping approach. The findings suggest that the most effective approaches towards helping EBD students are the innate dispositional reactions that establish the necessary psychological foundations for any successful interaction or outcome. The development of an assessment tool (Assessment Screen for Emotionally Intelligent Teachers (ASET)) lays a sound foundation for profiling teachers with these ideal qualities.

Hand-Feeding Nursing Facility Residents with Dementia Competency Training Modules

<h3>Introduction</h3> Problem: In nursing homes around 70% of residents have some form of dementia and are at risk of malnourishment (Zimmerman et al., 2014). In this long-term care (LTC) unit, residents have varying degrees of cognitive impairment (CI) affecting their functional capabilities, including their capacity to feed themselves. The director of nursing (DON) identified that residents are vulnerable to decreased food and fluid intake, and this problem may reflect the limited feeding skills of direct care workers (DCWs). More than half of the staff in this LTC unit report that it is a challenge to assist a resident with dementia during mealtimes when they exhibit difficult feeding behaviors. The majority of staff report that one of the greatest challenges when assisting a resident with mealtimes is resistance to eating demonstrated by residents turning their head away or not opening their mouths. Only one staff member on this unit reports having additional training on feeding assistance, and only one staff member uses assistive hand-feeding techniques when assisting a resident with CI during mealtimes. Evidence supports staff training as in intervention, however no specific training has been implemented to improve DCW's feeding assistance. Purpose: The purpose of this quality improvement (QI) project is to implement and evaluate the evidence-based <i>Hand-Feeding Nursing Facility Residents with Dementia</i> training within a LTC setting, to ameliorate DCWs feeding assistance skills, enhance the mealtime experience, and improve residents' health outcomes. <h3>Methods</h3> The QI project was developed by project leaders with the help of content expert and creator of the evidence-based training program titled <i>Hand-Feeding Nursing Facility Residents with Dementia</i>. The project included nine DCWs that were chosen to participate by the DON and worked during a shift that required the provision of assisting residents with a meal. The participants completed a pre-training survey and baseline interview with project leaders to assess knowledge and use of assistive handfeeding techniques. The participants were provided online access to the training modules on topics of assessment of residents' functional and cognitive abilities, determining the most appropriate handfeeding technique, mealtime challenges associated with residents with CI, and strategies to manage feeding behaviors to promote meal intake. A train-the-trainer strategy was utilized, and the project champion was trained on the competency modules and how to perform the post-training skill checks. Participants completed the online competency modules, and the project champion completed the post-training skills checks. After the competency training modules were completed, participants completed the post-training survey and final interview with project leaders to report their utilization of learned assistive handfeeding skills and techniques, and improvement in residents' meal intake and feeding behaviors. <h3>Results</h3> Preliminary Results: Preliminary findings suggest that completion of the <i>Hand-Feeding Nursing Facility Residents with Dementia</i> competency training modules, improves DCW's utilization of assistive hand-feeding skills and techniques to better assist residents with dementia during mealtimes. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Preliminary Conclusions: The <i>Hand-Feeding Nursing Facility Residents with Dementia</i> competency training course enhanced DCWs' mealtime interactions with residents with dementia, and residents' nutritional status will be improved as a result of project implementation. <h3>Funding</h3> No funding was available.

Menurunkan Perilaku ADHD dengan Melakukan Aktivitas Fisik pada Anak Usia Dini

The purpose of the study was to observe how to decrease ADHD reduction by doing physical activity in early childhood. The method in this study uses qualitative research design with single case experiement with intervention, namely physical activity such as swimming or karate and mentoring and counseling to parents and teachers. The intervention was carried out in swimming pools and subject schools for two weeks. Results obtained for two weeks, the subject can minimize difficult behavior focus, sitting still in class. Based on assessments conducted by observation method, interviews and psychological tests found that the subject had attention-attention-hyperactivity disorder (GPPH) or currently known as ADHD (attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder). The main feature of ADHD according to DSM V is that it often fails to pay attention, is careless, does not focus on when spoken to, often does not follow instructions in school, often leaves the seat while at school, cannot wait for the turn, always move and talk too much.

Menurunkan Perilaku ADHD dengan Melakukan Aktivitas Fisik pada Anak Usia Dini

The purpose of the study was to observe how to decrease ADHD reduction by doing physical activity in early childhood. The method in this study uses qualitative research design with single case experiement with intervention, namely physical activity such as swimming or karate and mentoring and counseling to parents and teachers. The intervention was carried out in swimming pools and subject schools for two weeks. Results obtained for two weeks, the subject can minimize difficult behavior focus, sitting still in class. Based on assessments conducted by observation method, interviews and psychological tests found that the subject had attention-attention-hyperactivity disorder (GPPH) or currently known as ADHD (attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder). The main feature of ADHD according to DSM V is that it often fails to pay attention, is careless, does not focus on when spoken to, often does not follow instructions in school, often leaves the seat while at school, cannot wait for the turn, always move and talk too much.

PROTOCOL: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials evaluating the impact of parenting programmes for parents of adolescents (10-18 years) on adolescent mental health outcomes, positive development and the parent-adolescent relationship.

PROTOCOL: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials evaluating the impact of parenting programmes for parents of adolescents (10-18 years) on adolescent mental health outcomes, positive development and the parent-adolescent relationship.

Disliking Students: The Experiences and Perspectives of College Teachers

The pedagogical literature offers advice for effective management of difficult student behaviors, but there is little acknowledgement of the negative feelings teachers may develop toward the students who need managing. The current research examined college teachers’ (N = 364) intense dislike of students. Intense dislike occurred among 47% of teachers. Students’ attitudes and personality traits were the most common reasons for dislike. Negative emotions and extra work were the most severe effects of dislike, and teachers believed that maintaining professionalism, standing by policy, and consulting with peers were the most effective ways to manage dislike.

Old Age in Adults with ASD: Psychosocial Aspects—a Systematic Review

The present article is a systematic review of literature, examining the extent to which there is interest in old age of people with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and the issues in this field that are analyzed. The focus was on psychosocial aspects of functioning. The conducted literature review, using databases, covered the years 2000–2019. As a result of a search, a total of 7728 records were selected. Thirty-two articles meeting the search criteria were qualified for detailed analysis. The reviewed papers focused on the mental dimension of functioning, including cognitive processes of the elderly and mental disorders. Researchers also verified changes in difficult behavior and autistic traits. Issues regarding the social functioning of the elderly with ASD are almost absent.

A South-to-South Cultural Adaptation of an Evidence-Based Parenting Program for Families in the Philippines.

Rates of child maltreatment are higher in low‐ and middle‐income countries due to risk factors such as social inequities, economic adversity, and sociocultural norms. Given the evidence showing the effectiveness of parenting interventions to prevent child maltreatment, this study embarked on a cultural adaptation of an evidence‐based parenting program with the eventual goal of integrating it within a nationwide conditional cash transfer program for low‐income Filipino parents with children aged 2–6 years. We document the systematic adaptation of the Parenting for Lifelong Health for Young Children program that was developed and tested in South Africa, for low‐resource Filipino families using the heuristic framework for the cultural adaptation of interventions. We underscore the merits of conducting a multistage top‐down and bottom‐up process that uses a participatory approach among cultural insiders and outsiders to develop a parenting intervention that reflects the contextual realities and cultural values of end users. The adapted program, Masayang Pamilya Para sa Batang Pilipino, is the product of a delicate and deliberate effort to balance Filipino childrearing goals and values with the scientific evidence on components of parenting interventions known to promote positive parenting and prevent child maltreatment.

Smith-Magenis syndrome: Clinical and behavioral characteristics in a large retrospective cohort.

Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS), characterized by dysmorphic features, neurodevelopmental disorder, and sleep disturbance, is due to an interstitial deletion of chromosome 17p11.2 (90%) or to point mutations in the RAI1 gene. In this retrospective cohort, we studied the clinical, cognitive, and behavioral profile of 47 European patients with SMS caused by a 17p11.2 deletion. We update the clinical and neurobehavioral profile of SMS. Intrauterine growth was normal in most patients. Prenatal anomalies were reported in 15%. 60% of our patients older than 10 years were overweight. Prevalence of heart defects (6.5% tetralogy of Fallot, 6.5% pulmonary stenosis), ophthalmological problems (89%), scoliosis (43%), or deafness (32%) were consistent with previous reports. Epilepsy was uncommon (2%). We identified a high prevalence of obstipation (45%). All patients had learning difficulties and developmental delay, but ID range was wide and 10% of patients had IQ in the normal range. Behavioral problems included temper tantrums and other difficult behaviors (84%) and night-time awakenings (86%). Optimal care of SMS children is multidisciplinary and requires important parental involvement. In our series, half of patients were able to follow adapted schooling, but 70% of parents had to adapt their working time, illustrating the medical, social, educative, and familial impact of having a child with SMS.

Epidemiological profile of patients with disabilities undergoing dental treatment under general anesthesia

Abstract Introduction General anesthesia is commonly used in the dental treatment of people with disabilities, anxious or difficult behavior, who need complex and/or extensive treatments. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological profile of patients with disabilities undergoing dental treatment under general anesthesia by the team of the Dental Unit for Patients with Special Needs of the Federal University of Sergipe. Material and method Through the analysis of 371 dental records of patients assisted between August 2002 and March 2019. Result The analysis showed that 56.1% of patients were male, the most prevalent age group was 11-20 years, and the most frequent medical conditions were intellectual disability, followed by multiple disabilities. Relative to dental procedures, in 94.1% of the patients, it was observed that 4,056 dental extractions were performed and in 52.3% of patients, 1,156 restorations were performed. In 30.2% of patients, total multiple extractions were performed. Radiographic examination was performed in 51.8% of patients. As regards the origin of patients, 58.8% were from municipalities in the state, other than the capital. Return to the service for follow-up and prevention was observed in 38.5% of patients. Conclusion There is great need for early dental intervention, with specific preventive actions for this group of patients, focusing on those from interior regions of the state.

Guidelines for Special Time and Time In—Mental Health Toolkit

Patient Education| 2021 Guidelines for Special Time and Time In—Mental Health Toolkit Connected Content Translation: Pautas para el tiempo especial y el tiempo adentro Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Guidelines for Special Time and Time In—Mental Health Toolkit. Pediatric Patient Education 2021; 10.1542/ppe_document247 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All AAP SitesAll PublicationsPediatric Patient Education Search Advanced Search Topics: mental health, play behavior “Special time” or “time in” is one-on-one time shared by a child or adolescent and a parent or caregiver. It demonstrates the parent’s or caregiver’s enjoyment of spending time together and offers a break from any tensions or caregiver demands, including those resulting from a child’s or teen’s difficult behaviors. Special time for children aged 2 through 10 works best when it is Called a certain name that the child understands, such as “special time”Given every day, whether the child has behaved positively or negativelyNever taken away as a punishmentKept a consistent, short amount of time (such as 10–15 minutes)Given at a time convenient for the parent or caregiver, although a consistent time is desirableGiven separately by each parent or caregiver to each child in the family each dayUsed for a joint activity that the... © 2021 American Academy of Pediatrics. All rights reserved. You do not currently have access to this content.

PREDICTOR-CORRECTOR QUASI-STATIC METHOD FOR TIGHTLY-COUPLED REACTOR MULTIPHYSICS TRANSIENT CALCULATIONS

Several methods have recently been developed to solve multiphysics transients using the Improved Quasi-Static method and its derivatives. In order to address some perceived drawbacks of these methods, we have developed a new method for solving multiphysics transient calculations using the Predictor-Corrector Quasi-Static method. Our method involves computing reactivity feedback parameters during each transport timestep in order to enable reactivity feedback on the small timescale used by the point kinetics phase of the calculation. The advantage of this approach is that the transport solver does not need to store local flux information between time steps, potentially making it more appropriate for use with a Monte Carlo solver. We have demonstrated the accuracy of our method by solving a simple model problem that exhibits difficult multiphysics behavior. Additionally, we have compared our results against another recently published multiphysics coupling scheme, confirming that our approach does not negatively affect the accuracy of the transient solution.

The Effectiveness Of Tui Na Massage On Difficulties Of Eating In Children 1-3 Years Age In South Tangerang City In 2020

The growth and development of children is very dependent on the fulfillment of nutrition, problems in fulfilling nutrition such as difficulty eating in toddlers can cause growth and development disorders. One of the triggers for malnutrition is difficult eating behavior in children. Efforts to overcome eating difficulties can be done by pharmacological methods of giving mulvitamins and non-pharmacological methods of acupressure massage, herbs, acupuncture. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of tui na massage on feeding difficulties in children aged 1-3 years. This type of research is a Quasi Experiment with a one-group design with pre-test and post-test. The study population was toddlers aged 1-3 years. The sample in this study were 15 respondents aged 1-3 years old using purposive sampling technique. The results of the study used the Wilcoxon test data analysis. The results showed that Tui Na massage was effective in overcoming feeding difficulties in toddlers aged 1-3 years

It Has Not Been a Good Day: Managing Difficult Behaviors of Relatives With Dementia

Most family caregivers provide appropriate care and a supportive environment for their older relatives with dementia (PwD), yet the stress and strain associated with caregiving can trigger potentially harmful responses. Although much has been written about dealing with memory problems, researchers know less about how caregivers cope with difficult behaviors such as hallucinations, violent outbursts, or refusing food, medicine, or bathing. Interviews with 30 relatives providing care to community-dwelling PwD in rural Virginia revealed that caregivers typically used four behavior management strategies: reasoning with PwD; redirecting PwD’s attention; forceful actions, such as shouting at PwD; and withdrawing from interactions. Forceful management strategies and withdrawing from interactions were usually employed after reasoning and redirection failed to elicit desired behavior. Understanding whether caregivers’ expectations of PwD’s capacities are realistic, and why and when caregivers use various behavior management strategies, can help service providers develop appropriate educational interventions for frustrated caregivers.

Parental Stress and Family Quality of Life: Surveying Family Members of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities.

(1) Background. This study assesses the quality of life in families with a member with an intellectual disability using the Family Adjustment and Adaptation Response framework. (2) Methods. The study included 515 Spanish participants whose family members with disabilities range in age from infancy to adulthood. We hypothesized that it is possible to predict parenting stress by paying attention to the meaning families give to themselves and their circumstances while controlling for the impact of other variables such as family capabilities and characteristics of the family member with disabilities. We used the Beach Center Family Quality of Life Scale and the section on Exceptional needs of medical and behavioral support from the Supports Intensity Scale, together with other potential predictors. The subscale on parental stress from the Parenting Stress Index–Short Form was utilized as a criterion measure. (3) Results. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that 49% of parental stress was predicted by dysfunctional interaction, difficult behaviors, low emotional wellbeing, poor family interaction, as well as kinship as parents, and the severity of both the medical needs and intellectual disability. (4) Conclusions. The stress experienced by those families is mostly predicted by the meaning they give to themselves and their circumstances. Implications of these findings for service delivery are discussed.

Masquerade of Neoliberal Concepts Revealed: Self-Regulation Skills in Ontario’s Full Day Kindergarten Program

This study examines an action research project that included four kindergarten teachers who taught in the first year of the Ontario’s mandated full day kindergarten (FDK) program, which began in September 2016. This action research project focused on the teachers’ concerns about the constant unsafe violence, bullying and disruptive behaviour that characterized their FDK classrooms, which led them to explore self-regulation skills. According to the FDK program developers and school administrators, self-regulation was the key to eliminating such difficult behaviours and actions. However, the findings of the action research study revealed there were many challenges in sustaining and having students understand self-regulation, and there was a disconnect between the theoretical understanding of self-regulation and the practical reality of how self-regulation was used in the classroom. The findings of this action research study bring forth an interesting argument: the practical use of self-regulation in FDK classrooms (un)consciously gives permission to the reach and subsequent impact of neoliberalism in schools.

Considering Nature and Nurture in the Etiology and Prevention of Picky Eating: A Narrative Review.

Children are often categorized as picky eaters by parents and caregivers for their rejection of foods, such as vegetables, and for exhibiting other difficult mealtime behaviors. However, there are several factors that contribute to these mealtime behaviors, including early feeding practices (i.e., breastfeeding, introduction to solid food), repeated exposure to novel foods, and genetic taste sensitivity to certain compounds. Using the online database of PubMed, a review of the literature on the development of picky eating in children, its outcomes, and intervention strategies was conducted. This review groups the developmental contributors to picky eating into the categories of nature and nurture and explores the interaction between the two. This paper will also summarize the potential outcomes of picky eating and the various strategies that are currently recommended to mitigate picky eating in young children. However, there is a lack of longitudinal work targeting consistent picky eating behaviors that have the potential to impact long-term food preferences and dietary variety. Future intervention strategies should address the factors that influence the development of picky eating on an individual level.

Hubungan Pola Asuh Ibu dengan Perilaku Sulit Makan pada Anak Usia Prasekolah

Difficulty eating behavior can lead to nutritional problems in children, where children who have difficulty eating tend to experience malnutrition to malnutrition. This study aims to determine the relationship between mother's upbringing and eating difficult behavior in preschool children in RW. 002 Kelurahan Sidomulyo Bengkulu City. The method used in this research is the correlational method. The population in this study were all mothers who have children at preschool age. The sampling technique used in this study was accidental sampling of 59 respondents. The data used are primary data and secondary data. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. The results obtained from 59 respondents, there were 52 (88.1%) respondents with good parenting, 49 respondents (83.1%) did not experience difficult eating behavior. The results of the Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis obtained p value = 0.419. In conclusion, there is no relationship between mother's upbringing and eating difficult behavior among preschool children in RW. 002 Kelurahan Sidomulyo Bengkulu City. Health workers are expected to be able to provide information and input for mothers with preschool children about eating difficult behaviors to prevent and overcome eating difficult behavior in children. Key words: preschool age, difficult eating behavior, mother's parenting