Muscle Differentiation Research Articles

Inhibition of skeletal muscle differentiation by calciprotein particles in human primary myoblasts.

Sarcopenia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and has a detrimental effect on prognosis. Previous studies have explored the role of secondary calciprotein particles (CPP2) in determining the progression of complications and poor outcomes in patients with CKD. However, no study has demonstrated that CPP2 impairs skeletal myogenesis. Our study revealed that CPP2 exposure inhibits skeletal myogenesis by suppressing myotube formation and expression of skeletal muscle-specific myosin heavy chain and actin in human primary myoblasts. Moreover, CPP2 exposure altered the expression patterns of lineage-determinative transcription factors responsible for regulating myotube differentiation marker genes. This study first demonstrated that CPP2 interferes with myoblast differentiation and myotube formation in vitro.

Impact of Muscle Changes Assessed by Ultrasonography on Muscle Strength and Functioning after ICU Discharge: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

Ultrasonography has been used to identify structural, quantitative, and qualitative muscle changes. These changes have been assessed in different muscles during ICU stays; however, it is unclear if it can predict functioning after ICU discharge. To analyze the relationship between muscle changes assessed by ultrasonography and the strength and functioning of ICU survivors. A systematic review with a meta-analysis was performed according to the MOOSE guidelines and registered in PROSPERO. Searches of the following databases were performed by two of the authors: PubMed, Cinahl, Embase, Scopus, LILACS, Web of Science, and Science Direct. Qualitative analysis was performed using NOS and AHRQ scales. Meta-analysis was performed using the "R", "metafor" package. Heterogeneity was assessed by I2 and Cochran's Q test. Meta-regression analyses were performed to verify the moderators, and funnel plots and Egger's regression intercept test were used to analyze the publication bias. Sixteen articles were included in the qualitative assessment, and nine were used in the quantitative assessment. There is evidence of correlations between MT and muscle strength (r = 0.20 [0.11; 0.27]; p < 0.0001), and MT (r = 0.35 [0.19; 0.49]; p < 0.0001), CSA (r = 0.30 [0.10; 0.47]; p = 0.0038), EI (r = -0.29 [-0.53; -0.01]; p = 0.043) and mobility. In the subgroup analyses, some evidence of a correlation between specific muscles and strength and mobility were found. There is evidence for the correlation between muscle characteristics assessed by US and functioning outcomes.

Stochastic electrical stimulation of the thoracic or cervical regions with surface electrodes facilitates swallow in rats.

Aspiration pneumonia, a leading cause of mortality, poses an urgent challenge in contemporary society. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been commonly used in dysphagia rehabilitation. However, given that NMES at motor threshold targets only specific muscles, it carries a potential risk of further compromising functions related to swallowing, respiration, and airway protection. Considering that the swallow motor pattern is orchestrated by the entire swallow pattern generator (the neural mechanism governing a sequence of swallow actions), a rehabilitation approach that centrally facilitates the entire circuit through sensory nerve stimulation is desirable. In this context, we propose a novel stimulation method using surface electrodes placed on the back to promote swallowing. The efficacy of the proposed method in promoting swallowing was evaluated by electrically stimulating sensory nerves in the back or neck. Probabilistic stimulus was applied to either the back or neck of male and female rats. Swallows were evoked by an oral water stimulus, and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the mylohyoid, thyroarytenoid, and thyropharyngeus muscles served as the primary outcome measure. Gaussian frequency stimulation applied to the skin surface of the thoracic back elicited significant increases in EMG amplitude of all three swallow-related muscles. Neck stimulation elicited a significant increase in EMG amplitude of the thyroarytenoid during swallow, but not the mylohyoid or thyropharyngeus muscles. While the targeted thoracic spinal segments T9-T10 have been investigated for enhancing respiration, the promotion of swallowing through back stimulation has not been previously studied. Furthermore, this study introduces a new probabilistic stimulus based on Gaussian distribution. Probabilistic stimuli have been reported to excel in nerve stimulation in previous research. The results demonstrate that back stimulation effectively facilitated swallow more than neck stimulation and suggest potential applications for swallowing rehabilitation.

Mamsarajju: A Comprehensive Review of Ayurvedic and Modern Medical Perspectives

Rachana Sharir is a branch of Ayurveda that focuses mainly on the embryological and structural arrangement of the human body. Within this field, Paribhasha Sharir plays a key role by defining specific bodily structures such as Kandara, Jala, and Kurcha etc using different terminology for specific structures of the body. It's important to understand these basic terminologies for the better understanding of Ayurveda, especially when comparing Ayurvedic and modern anatomical terms. This review examines the term "Mamsarajju," which in Ayurveda refers to rope-like structures associated with muscles. By analyzing Ayurvedic texts such as Sushrut Sharir Sthan and comparing them with modern anatomical references, this study establishes a correlation between "Mamsarajju" and the Deep back muscles of human body. The review compares classical Ayurvedic Samhita, modern anatomical texts, and Sanskrit dictionaries to identify correlations. The analysis shows that the Ayurvedic concept of Mamsarajju aligns well with modern anatomical descriptions of specific deep back muscles like splenius , Erector spinae etc. This correlation demonstrates the accuracy of ancient Ayurvedic scholars and their relevance to contemporary anatomy.The interdisciplinary approach of this study not only validates Ayurvedic terminologies but also improves our understanding of human anatomy, contributing to both medical science and therapeutic practices.

Differential Effects of Three Medium-Chain Fatty Acids on Mitochondrial Quality Control and Skeletal Muscle Maturation.

Nutritional interventions are one focus of sarcopenia treatment. As medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are oxidized in the mitochondria and produce energy through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), they are key parts of nutritional interventions. We investigated the in vitro effects of three types of MCFA, caprylic acid (C8), capric acid (C10), and lauric acid (C12), in skeletal muscle cells. Compared with C10 and C12, C8 promoted mitophagy through the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced kinase 1-Parkin pathway and increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α and dynamin-related protein 1 to reduce mitochondrial oxidative stress and promote OXPHOS. Furthermore, the expression of myogenic differentiation 1 and myosin heavy chain increased in myotubes, thus promoting muscle differentiation and maturation. These results suggest that C8 improves mitochondrial quality and promotes skeletal muscle maturation; in contrast, C10 and C12 poorly promoted mitochondrial quality control and oxidative stress and suppressed energy production. Future animal experiments are required to establish the usefulness of C8 for nutritional interventions for sarcopenia.

Dual-specificity phosphatases 13 and 27 as key switches in muscle stem cell transition from proliferation to differentiation.

Muscle regeneration depends on muscle stem cell (MuSC) activity. Myogenic regulatory factors, including myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD), regulate the fate transition of MuSCs. However, the direct target of MYOD in the process is not completely clear. Using previously established MyoD knock-in (MyoD-KI) mice, we revealed that MyoD targets dual-specificity phosphatase (Dusp) 13 and Dusp27. In Dusp13:Dusp27 double knock-out mice, the ability for muscle regeneration after injury was reduced. Moreover, single-cell RNA sequencing of MyoD-high expressing MuSCs from MyoD-KI mice revealed that Dusp13 and Dusp27 are expressed only in specific populations within MyoD-high MuSCs, which also express Myogenin. Overexpressing Dusp13 in MuSCs causes premature muscle differentiation. Thus, we propose a model where DUSP13 and DUSP27 contribute to the fate transition of MuSCs from proliferation to differentiation during myogenesis.

Myocyte enhancer factor 2 exerts a pivotal role in larval development in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata

Myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) plays essential roles in a variety of developmental processes. Prominent amongst multiple MEF2 functions is the regulation of muscle differentiation in Drosophila melanogaster. Nevertheless, the physiological importance of MEF2 has not been explored in non-Drosophilid insect species. Here we found HvMef2 was highly expressed at the first-instar larvae, 0-day-old second- and fourth-instar larvae, pupae and adults, especially in adult muscle in a Coleopteran potato defoliator Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata. Injection of 200, 500 or 1000 ng of dsMef2 into the third instar larvae significantly reduced the expression of HvMef2 and impaired larval-pupal-adult transition, in a dose-dependent manner. About 68 %, 77 % and 87 % of the resulting larvae arrested as stunted prepupae, which were gradually blackened and eventually died. Around 32 %, 23 % and 13 % of the HvMef2 depleted beetles formed pupae. Among these HvMef2 depleted pupae, 22 %, 16 % and 7 % became shriveled pupae until death; roughly 10 %, 7 % and 6 % emerged as malformed adults. The growth of the adult thorax muscles was repressed. The length and width of dorsal–ventral muscles were significantly reduced. Knockdown of HvMef2 at the fourth larval instar stage caused similar defects. Likewise, introduction of dsMef2 at a dose of 200, 500 or 1000 ng into pupae led to 27 %, 20 % and 11 % emergence percentages respectively, with deformed elytra and hindwings. Therefore, MEF2 plays vital roles during metamorphosis, especially in myogenic regulation network in H. vigintioctopunctata.

Data-Driven Identification of Stroke through Machine Learning Applied to Complexity Metrics in Multimodal Electromyography and Kinematics.

A stroke represents a significant medical condition characterized by the sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain, leading to cellular damage or death. The impact of stroke on individuals can vary from mild impairments to severe disability. Treatment for stroke often focuses on gait rehabilitation. Notably, assessing muscle activation and kinematics patterns using electromyography (EMG) and stereophotogrammetry, respectively, during walking can provide information regarding pathological gait conditions. The concurrent measurement of EMG and kinematics can help in understanding disfunction in the contribution of specific muscles to different phases of gait. To this aim, complexity metrics (e.g., sample entropy; approximate entropy; spectral entropy) applied to EMG and kinematics have been demonstrated to be effective in identifying abnormal conditions. Moreover, the conditional entropy between EMG and kinematics can identify the relationship between gait data and muscle activation patterns. This study aims to utilize several machine learning classifiers to distinguish individuals with stroke from healthy controls based on kinematics and EMG complexity measures. The cubic support vector machine applied to EMG metrics delivered the best classification results reaching 99.85% of accuracy. This method could assist clinicians in monitoring the recovery of motor impairments for stroke patients.

Gene Expression During C2C12 Differentiation

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common types of birth defect and is very poorly understood. To comprehend this disease better, the normal genetic expression associated with myocyte differentiation must be mapped out. This gives a deeper understanding of how cardiomyocytes (cardiac muscle cells) divide and specialize, which can contribute to understanding the mechanisms of CHD better. The workflow of this specific project began with culturing C2C12 mouse muscle myoblast cells and harvesting them at six different time points: 50% confluency, 100% confluency, 24-hours postdifferentiation, 48-hour postdifferentiation, 72-hour postdifferentiation, and 96-hour postdifferentiation. The expression levels of MyoD1, Myogenin, MyoM2, MyoZ2, GATA4, TbX5, NKX2.5, Ki67, Tcap, and RBFox1 were then measured and compared with qPCR. It was expected that those gene markers associated with muscle differentiation and structure would increase in expression levels over time while those markers associated with cell proliferation would decrease in expression levels. The qPCR showed the expected induction of myogenic differentiation marker genes, with the following deviation: MyoD1 expression did not increase during differentiation, and cardiogenesis markers did not follow a clear expression pattern during differentiation. Future studies on human-induced pluripotent stem cells differentiation to cardiomyocytes are needed to understand the patterns of gene expression in cardiomyocytes compared to skeletal myocytes. The outcomes of these studies may contribute to a deeper understanding of heart development and abnormalities in patients with CHD, and may improve diagnosis and treatment methods.

Neuronal and muscle differentiation of mammalian cells is accompanied by a change of PHF10 isoform expression

Neuronal and muscle differentiation of mammalian cells is accompanied by a change of PHF10 isoform expression

EXPERIMENTAL JUSTIFICATION INFLUENCE OF SPORTS GAMES ON PSYCHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF STUDENTS

Relevance of the research topic. A specialist will be able to compete effectively on the labor market only when he is ready for a specific type of activity and will have a sufficient supply of reserve capabilities of the body. Studying the ways of psychoregulation and increasing the level of development of psychophysiological abilities of students is an important problem of the organization of physical education in higher education institutions. The purpose of the research is to experimentally substantiate the effectiveness of the use of means from sports games on the development of psychophysiological abilities of students. Research methods: analysis and generalization of scientific and methodical literature, dynamometry, spatial orientation test, computer program "Psychodiagnostics", methods of mathematical statistics. Research results. During the year, a set of specific exercises aimed at the development of psychophysiological abilities was implemented in the training of students of optional groups in sports games. In order to determine the differences in the impact of various sports in the pedagogical study, optional control groups from power sports and athletics were selected. The indicators of muscle differentiation, spatial orientation, simple visual-motor reaction and reactions of distinction and choice were studied. In the experimental groups, an increase was obtained in all the mentioned tests, but it differed both in terms of indicators and in different game sports, which corresponded to the features of competitive activity. In the control groups, according to some indicators, there were also positive shifts in the development of psychophysiological abilities, but they were not statistically reliable. Conclusions. The specifics of the impact of various sports on students' muscular, spatial sensations and psychomotor skills have been determined. The developed complexes of special means for sports games have shown their effectiveness and can be recommended for their use in the physical education of students for a purposeful effect on psychophysiological abilities.

Voluntary Contraction of the Abdominal Muscles Increases Hip Muscle Activation During Lower-Extremity Exercises: A Critically Appraised Topic.

Existing studies have posited that incorporating abdominal enhancement techniques during lower-extremity exercises might mitigate compensatory pelvic motions and enhance the engagement of specific hip muscles. Does performing lower-extremity exercises with abdominal enhancement techniques increase hip muscle activation levels in healthy individuals? Summary of Key Finding: After the literature review, 4 cross-sectional studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this critically appraised topic. There is moderate evidence to support that prone hip extension with abdominal enhancement may increase gluteus maximus and hamstring muscle activity. Gluteus medius activity may not be affected by abdominal enhancement during hip abduction exercises. Strength and Recommendation: The collective findings from the 4 cross-sectional trials indicate that the incorporation of abdominal enhancement techniques during lower-extremity exercises may have the potential to enhance targeted muscle activation levels in healthy individuals. Further research is recommended to establish more robust conclusions.

Use of Muscle Relaxants for Acute Postoperative Pain: A Practical Review.

Skeletal muscle relaxants have emerged as a broad category of analgesic adjuncts, aiming to improve pain relief and reduce opioid reliance. These drugs induce muscle relaxation and reduce muscle spasms, and therefore, they are commonly used in surgical procedures involving muscle manipulation, such as abdominal surgery, breast surgery, and spine surgery. However, their analgesic efficacy and opioid-sparing effects are poorly explored. A scoping review of literature was performed with several electronic databases. We used a search string with a sequence of text words and word variants related to central muscle relaxants, pain management, postoperative pain, and specific muscle relaxants. Review of literature shows significant heterogeneity among the studies in terms of surgical procedures, patient populations, choice of muscle relaxant, and timing and duration of administration, potentially limiting the generalizability of the findings and the ability for pooled analysis. Given the lack of evidence, we recommend that the use of skeletal muscle relaxants be reserved for patients in whom an optimal multimodal analgesic technique is not adequate. Also, there may be a limited role for these drugs in patients at high risk of postoperative pain undergoing surgical procedures with expected high opioid requirements. Due to the concerns of potential adverse effects, the decision to use muscle relaxants in vulnerable populations should be made carefully, weighing the benefits against the risks.

Electrophysiological Insights: Using Repetitive Nerve Stimulation to Monitor Clinical Status and Remission in Myasthenia Gravis

ABSTRACT Objective: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disorder with a variable course that complicates the prediction of remission. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) in monitoring clinical status through the assessment of decremental response rates in the nasalis and trapezius muscles during treatment. Subjects and Methods: A prospective study was conducted with 52 patients diagnosed with generalized MG. Patients underwent clinical assessments, including tests for anti-acetylcholine receptor and anti-muscle-specific kinase antibodies, and were classified according to the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America classification. Electrophysiological testing through RNS and single-fiber electromyography was performed. Data analysis involved comparing the RNS decrement rates with clinical and demographic variables. Follow-up for assessing remission spans 2 years. Results: Among the 52 patients, 53.8% achieved clinical remission. In the remission group, 14.3% of the patients exhibited a decremental response compared with 70.8% in the nonremission group, particularly in the nasalis and trapezius muscles, in the follow-up RNS conducted 2 years after the initial assessment (P &lt; 0.05). The remission group presented significantly lower rates of antibody positivity and less bulbar involvement. Interestingly, initial clinical severity did not correlate significantly with remission. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the usefulness of RNS in assessing the clinical status of MG patients and evaluating the effectiveness of current therapeutic strategies. These findings suggest that focusing on specific muscle responses in RNS can provide valuable information for patient management.

Utilizing Diagnostic Musculoskeletal Ultrasound for Assessment of the Infraspinatus Muscle and Tendon: Implications for Rehabilitation Professionals

The rotator cuff, comprising the subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles, plays a crucial role in stabilizing the glenohumeral joint by securing the head of the humerus within the glenoid cavity of the scapula. The tendinous insertions of these muscles generate tension within the capsule, enhancing joint stability during muscular activity. The rotator cuff is susceptible to damage from disease, injury, or trauma, which can result in tears or ruptures of one or more tendons. The evaluation of the infraspinatus muscle and tendon is vital for diagnosing and managing various shoulder pathologies. Accurate imaging to determine the specific muscle involvement and injury severity significantly impacts treatment decisions. Diagnostic musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSK-US) has emerged as a valuable tool for assessing the infraspinatus muscle and tendon, offering real-time, dynamic assessment capabilities essential for precise diagnosis and effective rehabilitation planning. This article reviews the utility and advantages of MSK-US in evaluating the infraspinatus muscle and tendon, emphasizing technique specifics, diagnostic accuracy, and comparative efficacy against other imaging modalities. It details a systematic approach to the ultrasound examination technique for the infraspinatus, including patient positioning and identification of common pathologies such as tears, tendinopathy, and calcifications. With recent advancements in transducer strength, image resolution, and operator training, ultrasound serves as an excellent alternative imaging modality for diagnosing rotator cuff tears. This article aims to equip rehabilitation professionals with a comprehensive understanding of MSK-US as a diagnostic tool for the infraspinatus, promoting more precise diagnosis, treatment planning and improved patient outcomes.

Upper and Lower Limb Muscle Activation during Green Care: An Electromyographic Analysis

Green care activities are associated with lower intensity and a lower risk of injury than agricultural activities aimed at producing agricultural and livestock products; however, the risk of health problems cannot be completely ruled out. To implement green care interventions to improve physical health, it is essential to identify the green care activity levels and biomechanical characteristics of the movements that are appropriate for each subject’s physical functions and goals. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the muscle activation of the upper and lower limbs during 19 green care farming activities. We used electromyography signals, which are biomedical signals that measure the action potentials generated in the muscles and nervous system when the muscles contract, to evaluate the muscle activation. Twenty adults (aged 29.9 ± 9.6 years) participated in this study. Participants performed 19 green care farming activities, including horticultural activity, animal-mediated, and off-farming activities. The participants performed each activity three times. The electromyography data were assessed using surface electromyography during activities to measure muscle activation. As a result, 16 upper and lower limb muscles were activated during the green care farming activities, which showed significantly different muscle activation by care farming activity. As a result of the comparison of muscle activity according to each muscle, many of the muscles of the upper and lower limbs were most activated during organizing a garden plot, transplanting plants, and collecting natural objects. In conclusion, the electromyography data obtained during this study suggest that green care farming interventions may be effective for training specific muscles of the upper and lower limbs.

Characterization of Proteome Changes in Aged and Collagen VI-Deficient Human Pericyte Cultures.

Pericytes are a distinct type of cells interacting with endothelial cells in blood vessels and contributing to endothelial barrier integrity. Furthermore, pericytes show mesenchymal stem cell properties. Muscle-derived pericytes can demonstrate both angiogenic and myogenic capabilities. It is well known that regenerative abilities and muscle stem cell potential decline during aging, leading to sarcopenia. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential of pericytes in supporting muscle differentiation and angiogenesis in elderly individuals and in patients affected by Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy or by Bethlem myopathy, two inherited conditions caused by mutations in collagen VI genes and sharing similarities with the progressive skeletal muscle changes observed during aging. The study characterized pericytes from different age groups and from individuals with collagen VI deficiency by mass spectrometry-based proteomic and bioinformatic analyses. The findings revealed that aged pericytes display metabolic changes comparable to those seen in aging skeletal muscle, as well as a decline in their stem potential, reduced protein synthesis, and alterations in focal adhesion and contractility, pointing to a decrease in their ability to form blood vessels. Strikingly, pericytes from young patients with collagen VI deficiency showed similar characteristics to aged pericytes, but were found to still handle oxidative stress effectively together with an enhanced angiogenic capacity.

Muscle satellite cells and fibro-adipogenic progenitors from muscle contractures of children with cerebral palsy have impaired regenerative capacity.

To evaluate the mechanosensitivity of muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) and fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) in cerebral palsy (CP) and the efficacy of the drug verteporfin in restoring cells' regenerative capacity. Muscle biopsies were collected from six children with CP and six typically developing children. MuSCs and FAPs were isolated and plated on collagen-coated polyacrylamide gels at stiffnesses of 0.2 kPa, 8 kPa, and 25 kPa. Cells were treated with verteporfin to block mechanosensing or with dimethyl sulfoxide as a negative control. MuSC differentiation and FAP activation into myofibroblasts were measured using immunofluorescence staining. Surprisingly, MuSC differentiation was not affected by stiffness; however, stiff substrates resulted in large myonuclear clustering. Across all stiffnesses, MuSCs from children with CP had less differentiation than those of their typically developing counterparts. FAP activation into myofibroblasts was significantly higher in children with CP than their typically developing peers, but was not affected by stiffness. Verteporfin did not affect differentiation or activation in either cell population, but slightly decreased myonuclear clustering on stiff substrates. Cells from children with CP were less regenerative and more fibrotic compared to those of their typically developing counterparts, with MuSCs being sensitive to increases in stiffness. Therefore, the mechanosensitivity of MuSCs and FAPs may represent a new target to improve differentiation and activation in CP muscle.

Cancerous Conditions Accelerate the Aging of Skeletal Muscle via Mitochondrial DNA Damage.

Skeletal muscle aging and sarcopenia result in similar changes in the levels of aging markers. However, few studies have examined cancer sarcopenia from the perspective of aging. Therefore, this study investigated aging in cancer sarcopenia and explored its causes in vitro and in vivo. In mouse aging, in vitro cachexia, and mouse cachexia models, skeletal muscles showed similar changes in aging markers including oxidative stress, fibrosis, reduced muscle differentiation potential, and telomere shortening. Furthermore, examination of mitochondrial DNA from skeletal muscle revealed a 5 kb deletion in the major arc; truncation of complexes I, IV, and V in the electron transport chain; and reduced oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The mouse cachexia model demonstrated high levels of high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) in cancer ascites. Continuous administration of neutralizing antibodies against HMGB1 and TNFα in this model reduced oxidative stress and abrogated mitochondrial DNA deletion. These results suggest that in cancer sarcopenia, mitochondrial oxidative stress caused by inflammatory cytokines leads to mitochondrial DNA damage, which in turn leads to decreased OXPHOS and the promotion of aging.

Sarcopenia-related changes in serum GLP-1 level affect myogenic differentiation.

Sarcopenia, a group of muscle-related disorders, leads to the gradual decline and weakening of skeletal muscle over time. Recognizing the pivotal role of gastrointestinal conditions in maintaining metabolic homeostasis within skeletal muscle, we hypothesize that the effectiveness of the myogenic programme is influenced by the levels of gastrointestinal hormones in the bloodstream, and this connection is associated with the onset of sarcopenia. We first categorized 145 individuals from the Emergency Room of Taipei Veterans General Hospital into sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups, following the criteria established by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. A thorough examination of specific gastrointestinal hormone levels in plasma was conducted to identify the one most closely associated with sarcopenia. Techniques, including immunofluorescence, western blotting, glucose uptake assays, seahorse real-time cell metabolic analysis, flow cytometry analysis, kinesin-1 activity assays and qPCR analysis, were applied to investigate its impacts and mechanisms on myogenic differentiation. Individuals in the sarcopenia group exhibited elevated plasma levels of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) at 1021.5±313.5pg/mL, in contrast to non-sarcopenic individuals with levels at 351.1±39.0pg/mL (P<0.05). Although it is typical for GLP-1 levels to rise post-meal and subsequently drop naturally, detecting higher GLP-1 levels in starving individuals with sarcopenia raised the possibility of GLP-1 influencing myogenic differentiation in skeletal muscle. Further investigation using a cell model revealed that GLP-1 (1, 10 and 100ng/mL) dose-dependently suppressed the expression of the myogenic marker, impeding myocyte fusion and the formation of polarized myotubes during differentiation. GLP-1 significantly inhibited the activity of the microtubule motor kinesin-1, interfering with the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) to the cell membrane and the dispersion of mitochondria. These impairments subsequently led to a reduction in glucose uptake to 0.81±0.04 fold (P<0.01) and mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production from 25.24±1.57pmol/min to 18.83±1.11pmol/min (P<0.05). Continuous exposure to GLP-1, even under insulin induction, attenuated the elevated glucose uptake. The elevated GLP-1 levels observed in individuals with sarcopenia are associated with a reduction in myogenic differentiation. The impact of GLP-1 on both the membrane translocation of GLUT4 and the dispersion of mitochondria significantly hinders glucose uptake and the production of mitochondrial ATP necessary for the myogenic programme. These findings point us towards strategies to establish the muscle-gut axis, particularly in the context of sarcopenia. Additionally, these results present the potential of identifying relevant diagnostic biomarkers.