The transcriptional regulation of proline- rich membrane anchor (PRiMA), an anchoring protein of tetrameric globular form of acetylcholinesterase (G 4 AChE), was revealed in cultured cortical neurons during differentiation. The level of AChE T protein, total enzymatic activity and the amount of G 4 AChE were dramatically increased during the neuron differentiation. RT-PCR analyses revealed that the transcript encoding PRiMA was significantly up-regulated in the differentiated neurons. To investigate the transcriptional mechanism on PRiMA regulation, a reporter construct of human PRiMA promoter-tagged luciferase was employed in this study. Upon the neuronal differentiation in cortical neurons, a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase-dependent pathway was stimulated: this signaling cascade was shown to regulate the transcriptional activity of PRiMA. In addition, both PRiMA and AChE T transcripts were induced by the over expression of an active mutant of Raf in the cultured neurons. The treatment of a MAP kinase inhibitor (U0126) significantly blocked the expression of PRiMA transcript and promoter-driven luciferase activity as induced by the differentiation of cortical neurons. These results suggested that a MAP kinase signaling pathway served as one of the transcriptional regulators in controlling PRiMA gene expression during the neuronal differentiation process.