Differential White Blood Cell Research Articles

Association between complete blood-count-based inflammatory scores and hypertension in persons living with and without HIV in Zambia.

Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular events. Inflammation plays an important role in the development of essential hypertension. Studies assessing the association between complete blood count-based inflammatory scores (CBCIS) and hypertension are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between CBCIS and hypertension among individuals with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This was a cross-sectional study among 344 participants at Serenje District Hospital and Serenje Urban Clinic. We used structured questionnaires to collect sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics. CBCIS included lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), derived neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (d-NLR), and differential white blood cells. The primary outcome variable was hypertension defined as systolic and diastolic blood pressure higher than or equal to 140/90 mmHg. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between hypertension and CBCIS in statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 22.0. The participants had a median age of 32 years (interquartile range (IQR) 24-42) and 65.1% (n = 224) were female. The prevalence of hypertension was 10.5% (n = 36). Among those with hypertension, 55.6% (n = 20) were female and 44.4% (n = 16) were male. The CBCIS significantly associated with hypertension in people living with HIV (PLWH) was PLR (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.98; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97-0.99, p = 0.01) while in people without HIV, AMC (AOR 15.40 95%CI 3.75-63.26), ANC (AOR 1.88 95%CI 1.05-3.36), WBC (AOR 0.52 95%CI 0.31-0.87) and PLR (AOR 0.98 95%CI 0.97-0.99) were the factors associated with hypertension. Compared to people without HIV, only WBC, ANC, NLR, and d-NLR were good predictors of hypertension among PLWH. Our study indicates a notable HIV-status driven association between CBCIS and hypertension, suggesting the use of CBICS as potential biomarkers for hypertension risk with substantial implications for early detection and preventive measures.

Camel milk inhibits pulmonary oxidative stress and inflammation in a rat model of COPD induced by cigarette smoke exposure

BackgroundOne of the main causes of death in the world is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with partially reversible airflow limitation, which is defined as a preventable and treatable pathological condition. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of camel milk (CM) were indicated previously. The effect of CM in cigarette smoke induced-COPD in rats was evaluated in this study. MethodsFive groups of rats including a) control, b) chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD, cigarette smoke exposed), c) COPD group treated with dexamethasone, d) COPD group treated with low dose of camel milk (CM) and e) COPD group treated with high dose of CM by gavage during the cigarette smoke exposure period (n = 7) were studied. ResultsIn the COPD group, total and differential white blood cells (WBC) count in the bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level in the lung tissue and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the BALF and lung tissue, lung pathological changes and tracheal responsiveness to methacholine were significantly increased, but catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and the level of thiol in the BALF and lung tissue were significantly decreased compared to the control group (all, p < 0.001). However, in the COPD groups treated with both doses of CM and dexamethasone, most variable did not achieved to the control levels and were significantly different with the control group (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). In the COPD group treated with both doses of CM (dose dependently) and dexamethasone, almost all measured variables were significantly improved (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). ConclusionThe potential effect of CM on lung inflammation and oxidative stress in a rat model of COPD comparable to dexamethasone was demonstrated.

Chronische myelomonocytaire leukemie als toevallige vondst op de dienst geriatrie

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia as an incidental finding at the geriatric department Persistent monocytosis may indicate a hematologic malignancy and merits a hematologic work-up. Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a rare, but malignant disorder of the hematopoietic stem cell with an annual incidence of 1-2 persons per 100,000. The real incidence is probably higher because of underdiagnosis. The median age at the diagnosis is 65 to 75 years. The diagnosis is made based on the clinical symptoms, a peripheral blood analysis, a bone marrow aspirate and biopsy, as well as cytogenetic and molecular studies. The symptomatology is non-specific, but can be classified into a group with myelodysplastic (fatigue, anemia, infections) and a group with myeloproliferative (B-symptoms, hepatosplenomegaly) features. In the peripheral blood, by definition, one measures ≥ 0,5 x 109/l of monocytes, which account for more than 10% of the white blood cell differentiation. The bone marrow is often hypercellular with the presence of dysplasia. In 20% to 30% of the cases, cytogenetic abnormalities can be found, i.e. abnormalities in the karyotype. In the vast majority (90%), somatic mutations are present. The prognosis of patients with CMML is reserved with a median survival of about 3 years. One in 3 progresses to acute myeloid leukemia. The therapeutic options for CMML are limited. The only possible curative treatment is an allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The other options are primarily supportive and intended as symptom control.

Subclinical left ventricular dysfunction and laboratory predictor of activity in children with ulcerative colitis: A single-centre study.

We aimed to detect subclinical cardiac impairment in children with ulcerative colitis (UC) and test the association between absolute monocytic count (AMC) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) with disease activity. A group of children with UC and a comparable group as healthy controls were included. All children underwent history-taking, clinical examination and blood testing for complete blood counts with white blood cell differentials, LMR and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Disease severity was assessed using the Paediatric UC Activity Index score. We used echocardiography for tissue Doppler, M-Mode, two-dimensional and three-dimensional (3D) speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) for left ventricular function assessment. Forty children were included, 20 with UC as cases, and 20 healthy controls. Disease activity was mild in 75% cases and moderate in 25% cases. Cases had significantly higher ESR than the control group (P < 0.001). Among cases, positive correlations were observed between monocytic, and platelet counts with left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (r = 0.5, P = 0.02; r = 0.5, P = 0.03). Children with UC had significantly lower ejection fraction and impaired left ventricular systolic function compared to the control group (P < 0.001) assessed by 3D STE, yet this observation was not reached by the conventional method (P = 0.3). In children with UC, 3D STE could detect subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction that conventional echocardiography could not. AMC and LMR showed no significant difference between children with UC and controls.

A Novel Intravaginal Contraceptive Plug for Cats: A Preliminary Biocompatibility Assessment on Haematology and Vaginal Swab.

This preliminary study evaluated the biocompatibility of a novel degradable intravaginal plug contraceptive composed of PEG 4000 and chitosan in cats using haematological profiling and vaginal cytology. Five healthy, non-pregnant female cats were fully anaesthetised and fitted with an intravaginal plug (10 × 0.3 mm) using an applicator, following oestrogen administration 3 h prior. Blood samples were collected from the cephalic vein on days 0 (pre-insertion) and 3 and 7 (post-insertion). Vaginal cytology examinations were conducted on day 0 (pre- and post-oestrogen injection) and days 1, 3 and 7 post-insertion. Haematological parameters, including red blood cell count, haemoglobin levels, haematocrit values, total white blood cell count and differentiation, showed no significant changes after contraceptive insertion (p > 0.05). Vaginal cytology indicated an acute inflammatory response in one out of five subjects on day three post-insertion. The distribution of vaginal epithelial cells (parabasal, intermediate and superficial) remained unaffected by contraception. Oestrogen injection resulted in the dominance of superficial cells up to day 7 of observation (p < 0.05). Overall, PEG 4000 and chitosan-based intravaginal plug contraceptives demonstrated sufficient biocompatibility, indicating their potential as viable contraceptive options for feline use.

The inhibitory influence of carvacrol on behavioral modifications, brain oxidation, and general inflammation triggered by paraquat exposure through inhalation

The current study investigated how carvacrol (C) can prevent behavioral and brain oxidative changes, along with systemic inflammation caused by inhaled paraquat (PQ). Control rats exposed to saline solution, whereas six rat groups were subjected to PQ aerosols at a concentration of 54mg/m3 in 16 days. The PQ-exposed groups received saline (PQ group), C at dosages of 20 (C-L) and 80mg/kg/day (C-H), dexamethasone at a dosage of 0.03mg/kg/day, pioglitazone at dose of 5 and 10mg/kg/day (Pio-L and Pio-H), and a combination of C-L + Pio-L. Various parameters were assessed following the end of the treatment duration. There were marked elevation in total and differential white blood cell counts (WBCs), and malondialdehyde levels in the blood, hippocampus, and cerebral tissue but, thiol, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) exhibited a notable decrease (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). The escape delay and traveled distance exhibited enhancement, however, on the probe day, the duration spent in the target quadrant and the time taken to enter the dark room at 3, 24, 48, and 72hours post an electrical shock, showed a reduction in the PQ group (P<0.05 to P<0.001). Inhaled PQ-induced changes were significantly improved in C, Pio, Dexa, and C-L + Pio-L treated groups (P<0.05 to P<0.001). The effects of C-L + Pio-L on most measured variables were higher than C-L and Pio-L (P<0.05 to P<0.001). C improved PQ-induced changes similar to dexamethasone and C-L showed additive effects when administered in combination with Pio.

A study of the prevalence of psoriasis in the city of Fallujah and its correlation with some immunological and hematological parameters

Psoriasis is a common, chronic inflammatory skin disease with associated systemic inflammation. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of psoriasis in the city of Fallujah on 859 patients visiting dermatology physician and also to determine the effect of psoriasis on the levels of some hematological parameters including total and differential white blood cell count, red blood cell count, hemoglobin level, platelets count in 102 psoriatic patient and 62 people for control. The study concluded presence of mild prevalence of cutaneous psoriasis among patients visiting dermatologist physicians in Fallujah city which was abundant mostly in young adults (21-30) years and elevated incidence in males. Some hematological markers could be considered as a tool for differentiating cutaneous psoriasis from other cutaneous infections and have correlations with PASI system of diagnosis. WBCs count was elevated in psoriasis. The most abundant types in psoriasis are neutrophils and lymphocytes and platelets would be lower in psoriatic patients in correlation with severity of the disease.

Differential White Blood Cell Count and COVID-19 Hospital Length of Stay: A Post-hoc Analysis

Objective: To explore the association between differential white blood cell count and hospital length of stay (LOS) in COVID-19 patients.Methods: This study is a post-hoc analysis of two prospective cohort studies involving hospitalized COVID-19 patients who received standard therapy, including antiviral and supportive treatments at Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia, during the Delta and Omicron dominant pandemic periods. Baseline differential white blood cell count before initiation of therapy were documented. LOS was categorized as ≤10 days and &gt;10 days.Result: Data from 463 subjects were included with most subjects were males (62.2%) with a median age of 54 (14–93) years. The average LOS for subjects was 12.7 (12.1–13.4) days. Bivariate tests showed that lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and neutrophil-monocyte ratio (NMR) had significant association (p &lt;0.05) to LOS. Logistic regression showed that higher monocyte counts were associated with shorter LOS (adjusted OR 0.89; 95% CI 0.840 - 0.943; p &lt; 0.001). ROC curve showed that higher monocyte counts (&gt;8.35 × 10^3/µL) at admission may predict shorter hospitalization (&lt;10 days).Conclusion: Monocyte count may serve as a potential marker for length of stay in COVID-19 patients, offering key insights for optimizing patient management and resource allocation.

The association of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls exposure with dyslipidemia and blood lipids: The mediating effect of white blood cell counts

Epidemiological evidence regarding the associations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with lipid metabolism and its potential biological mechanisms remain largely unknown. We intended to explore the associations of OCPs and PCBs with dyslipidemia and blood lipid levels, and further evaluate the mediating role of total and differential white blood cell (WBC) counts. We measured the blood lipid levels, the concentration of OCPs/PCBs and WBC counts in serum among 2036 adults in Wuhan city, China. In the multiple-pollutant models, the results showed that β-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and PCB-153 were positively correlated with increased odds of dyslipidemia. p,p′-DDE and PCB-153 were correlated with elevated triglyceride (TG) and lowered high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). A positive relationship was observed between p,p′-DDE and total cholesterol (TC) as well. Meanwhile, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression analyses revealed that PCB and OCP mixtures were positively related to dyslipidemia risk and TG and negatively associated with HDL-c, to which p,p′-DDE was the major contributor. BMI, gender and age might modify the associations of OCPs and PCBs with dyslipidemia and TG. Furthermore, we found that WBC counts were significantly associated with dyslipidemia and blood lipid levels, and a positive correlation was also found between p,p′-DDE and lymphocyte count. Mediation analysis further indicated that lymphocyte count might mediate the associations of p,p′-DDE with dyslipidemia, TG, and TC. Accordingly, our results showed that OCPs and PCBs were related to abnormal lipid metabolism, which was partially mediated by WBC counts.

Assessment of the toxic influence of locally formulated pesticides on hepatic and renal biomarkers in male Wistar rats.

There is growing concern of the potential damage to vital organs after long term exposure to locally formulated pesticides in rural area of Nigeria. This study was designed to assessed the effects of the individual chemical compound and their combination on the kidney and liver of rats' model. Fifty-four rats divided into six groups and three sub-groups were exposed to 25, 50 and 75% dose of each of the pesticide's LD50 for 4h at 3days interval in an inhalation chamber for 28days. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TOT_BIL), creatinine and urea assay showed significant increase at the aforementioned doses in comparison to the control group. The red blood cell counts, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations were significantly altered in the rats administered varying doses of the pesticides when compared with the control. Similar result was obtained for the differential white blood cell counts. Histopathological examinations of the liver tissue of rats showed infiltrated sinusoids, traces of karypyknosis, vacuolar degeneration and microvesicular steatosis while that of the renal tissue showed glomeruli atrophy leading to widened Bowman's spaces as well as few shrunken glomeruli and varied level of degenerative tubular changes to tubular necrosis. This study established that individual pesticides and their mixture is toxic to the liver and kidney, as evidenced by the elevated markers of renal and liver functions and distortion of the structure of both organs as revealed by their photomicrographs. Therefore, it is a matter of public health significance to regularly monitor pesticide residues in foods and humans in order to assess the food safety risk and population exposure to pesticides.

Differential white blood cell count and epigenetic clocks: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

BackgroundHuman aging and white blood cell (WBC) count are complex traits influenced by multiple genetic factors. Predictors of chronological age have been developed using epigenetic clocks. However, the bidirectional causal effects between epigenetic clocks and WBC count have not been fully examined.MethodsThis study employed Mendelian randomization (MR) to analyze summary statistics from four epigenetic clocks involving 34,710 participants, alongside data from the Blood Cell Consortium encompassing 563,946 individuals. We primarily explored bidirectional causal relationships using the random-effects inverse-variance weighted method, supplemented by additional MR methods for comprehensive analysis. Additionally, multivariate MR was applied to investigate independent effects of WBC count on epigenetic age acceleration.ResultsIn the two-sample univariate MR (UVMR) analysis, we observed that a decrease in lymphocyte count markedly accelerated aging according to the PhenoAge, GrimAge, and HannumAge metrics (all P < 0.01, β < 0), though it did not affect Intrinsic Epigenetic Age Acceleration (IEAA). Conversely, an increase in neutrophil count significantly elevated PhenoAge levels (β: 0.38; 95% CI 0.14, 0.61; P = 1.65E−03 < 0.01). Reverse MR revealed no significant causal impacts of epigenetic clocks on overall WBC counts. Furthermore, in multivariate MR, the impact of lymphocyte counts on epigenetic aging metrics remained statistically significant. We also identified a marked causal association between neutrophil counts and PhenoAge, GrimAge, and HannumAge, with respective results showing strong associations (PhenoAge β: 0.78; 95% CI 0.47, 1.09; P = 8.26E−07; GrimAge β: 0.55; 95% CI 0.31, 0.79; P = 5.50E−06; HannumAge β: 0.42; 95% CI 0.18, 0.67; P = 6.30E−04). Likewise, eosinophil cell count demonstrated significant association with HannumAge (β: 0.33; 95% CI 0.13, 0.53; P = 1.43E−03 < 0.01).ConclusionThese findings demonstrated that within WBCs, lymphocyte and neutrophil counts exert irreversible and independent causal effects on the acceleration of PhenoAge, GrimAge, and HannumAge. Our findings highlight the critical role of WBCs in influencing epigenetic clocks and underscore the importance of considering immune parameters when interpreting epigenetic age.

Evaluation of the protective effect of Curcuma longa and PPARγ agonist, pioglitazone on paraquat-induced lung injury in rats.

The inhalation of paraquat (PQ), one of the most widely used herbicides in the world, can result in lung injury. Curcuma longa (Cl) has long history in traditional and folk medicine for the treatment of a wide range of disorders including respiratory diseases. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the preventive effect of Cl on inhaled PQ-induced lung injury in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups (n = 7), one group exposed to saline (control) and other groups exposed to PQ aerosol. Saline (PQ), Cl extract, (two doses), curcumin (Cu), pioglitazone (Pio), and the combination of Cl-L + Pio and dexamethasone (Dex) were administered during the exposure period to PQ. Total and differential white blood cell (WBC) counts, oxidant and antioxidant indicators in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BALF), interleukin (IL)-10, and tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α) levels in the lung tissues, lung histologic lesions score, and air way responsiveness to methacholine were evaluated. WBC counts (Total and differential), malondialdehyde level, tracheal responsiveness (TR), IL-10, TNF-α and histopathological changes of the lung were markedly elevated but total thiol content and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were decreased in the BALF in the PQ group. Both doses of Cl, Cu, Pio, Cl-L + Pio, and Dex markedly improved all measured variables in comparison with the PQ group. CI, Pio, and Cl-L + Pio improved PQ-induced lung inflammation and oxidative damage comparable with the effects of Dex.

Hexaflumuron insecticide exposure induces behavior alterations, hemato-biochemical disorders, antioxidant-immune dysfunction, and histopathological alterations in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

Hexaflumuron (HEX) insecticide is widely used in agriculture practices to fight crop insects. The toxicological effect of HEX on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was investigated in this study. Two hundred and forty fish (35.50 ± 1.45 g) were divided into six groups in four replicates (40 fish/group; 10 fish/replicate) and were exposed to six distinct HEX concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mg L-1) for 96-h. The 96-h lethal concentration 50 (96-h LC50) of HEX was calculated to be 7.19 mg L-1. The fish exhibited reduced surface and middle swimming, aggressiveness, and tail-spreading behaviors with increasing bottom swimming and resting patterns after HEX exposure. HEX exposure resulted in body bleeding and fin rot. The erythrogram (red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and packed cell volume %) was significantly reduced with increased mean corpuscular volume by HEX exposure. HEX exposure decreased the white blood cells (WBCs) and differential WBC counts. Acute HEX exposure raised 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine level while lowering brain acetylcholine esterase activity. HEX exposure caused hepato-renal dysfunction and increased stress-related parameters (glucose and cortisol). Exposure to HEX reduced the immune responses (lysozyme, nitric oxide, immunoglobulin M, and complement 3). A substantial decrease in the antioxidant variables (reduced glutathione content and catalase) with increasing the malondialdehyde was noted by HEX exposure. Moreover, histopathological changes resulted from HEX exposure in the gills, liver, kidney, and spleen. These results indicate that HEX exposure induced behavioral changes, hepato-renal dysfunction, and immune-antioxidant disruption, indicating a possible physiological disruption in O. niloticus.

Toxicological insight of metiram: immuno-oxidative, neuro-behavioral, and hemato-biochemical changes during acute exposure of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

BackgroundThe inappropriate use of pesticides including fungicides creates severe biological hazards that can endanger fish health and impede sustainable aquaculture.ObjectiveThis study investigated the negative impacts of metiram (MET), a fungicide on the health status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) for a 96-hour duration as an acute exposure in a static renewal system.MethodsThree hundred fish (average body weight: 37.50 ± 0.22 g) were assigned into six groups (50 fish/group) with five replicates (10 fish/replicate). Fish were exposed to various six concentrations (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, and 7.5 mg/L) of MET as a water exposure to for 96-hour without water exchange. The fish’s behavior, clinical signs, and mortalities were documented every day of the exposure period. Additionally, MET’s impact on blood profile, stress biomarkers, hepato-renal functions, immune-antioxidant status, and brain biomarker were closely monitored.ResultsThe lethal concentration (LC50) of MET estimated using Finney’s probit technique was 3.77 mg/L. The fish’s behavior was severely impacted by acute MET exposure, as clear by an increase in surfacing, loss of equilibrium, unusual swimming, laterality, abnormal movement, and a decline in aggressive behaviors. The survivability and hematological indices (white and red blood cell count, differential white blood cell count, hematocrit value, and hemoglobin) were significantly reduced in a concentration-dependent manner following MET exposure. Acute exposure to MET (1.5–7.5 mg/L) incrementally increased stress biomarkers (nor-epinephrine, cortisol, and glucose), lipid peroxides (malondialdehyde), and brain oxidative DNA damage biomarker (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine). A hepato-renal dysfunction by MET exposure (4.5–7.5 mg/L) was evidenced by the significant increase in the alanine and aspartate aminotransferases and creatinine values. Moreover, a substantial decline in the immune parameters (lysozyme, complement 3, serum bactericidal activity, and antiprotease activity) and antioxidant variables (total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) resulted from acute MET exposure.ConclusionAccording to these findings, the 96-hour LC50 of MET in Nile tilapia was 3.77 mg/L. MET exposure triggered toxicity in Nile tilapia, as seen by alterations in fish neuro-behaviors, immune-antioxidant status, hepato-renal functioning, and signifying physiological disturbances. This study emphasizes the potential ecological dangers provoked by MET as an environmental contaminant to aquatic systems. However, the long-term MET exposure is still needed to be investigated.

Associations of three differential white blood cell counts, platelet counts, and their derived inflammatory indices with cancer-related fatigue in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy.

Inflammation is thought to be a vital element in the etiology of cancer-related fatigue (CRF), and circulating blood cell parameters could be important markers of inflammatory response. However, the associations of several major blood cell counts and their derived inflammatory indices with CRF are not well described. The present study aimed to establish whether a relationship exists between the counts of three white blood cell (WBC) types, platelets, and CRF and investigate whether several systemic inflammatory indices were associated with CRF in patients with breast cancer (BC). A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a sample of 824 patients with BC undergoing chemotherapy. The cancer fatigue scale was administered to assess CRF. Hematological indicators, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets, were retrieved from routine blood test. Network analyses were used to examine the associations among them. Among 824 participants, the mean score of CRF was (27 ± 10), ranging from 0 to 57. The results of network models indicated that physical fatigue was negatively linked to lymphocyte counts (weight = - 0.161), and affective fatigue was positively associated with neutrophil counts (weight = 0.070). Additionally, physical fatigue was positively linked to the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (weight = 0.049). There were preliminary associations of counts of three WBC types, platelet counts, and systemic inflammatory indices, with distinct dimensions of CRF in patients with BC. Findings provide empirical support for the cellular basis of fatigue-associated inflammatory states.

Evaluation of Some Hematological and Biochemical Parameters of Early Atherosclerosis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in Wasit Governorate

The aim of the study was to evaluate some Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in patients with early atherosclerosis in Wasit Governorate. atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of death among the aged. The localized deposition of fat in the arteries, along with the development of smooth muscle cells and a fibrous matrix, is the primary issue with atherosclerosis. The study took place in a hemodialysis unit Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital in Wasit Governorate during the period from November 2023 to April 2024. This study aimed to studying the effect of biochemical and blood indicators of atherosclerosis in patients with chronic kidney disease for the purpose of predicting early cases of atherosclerosis in patients with chronic kidney disease and finding solutions to reduce them. Study includes (90) samples: (60) patients suffering from early atherosclerosis and chronic kidney disease (dialysis stage) and 30 samples of healthy people (control group), their ages ranged from (40 to 70 years). The samples were divided into two age groups, where the first group had an average age of 40-55 years and the second group was 56-70 years old, the categories were divided equally into males and females Samples were collected based on the incidence of kidney disease first, and then the main risk factors of early atherosclerosis were relied upon, which are (smoking, age, sex, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, left ventricle valve, physical inactivity). The results of our study regarding diagnostic markers of atherosclerosis showed a significant increase cholesterol, HDL and LDL at p ≤ 0.5, while a significant decrease in triglycerides at p ≥ 0.5, and Biochemical indicators (albumin and globulin) showed a decrease in significance at p ≥ 0.5, while significance was high for C-reactive protein. The result of the sedimentation rate test (ESR) and the platelet result showed a significant increase at p ≤ 0.5. While differential white blood cell results did not appear significant in the study at p ≥ 0.5. Conclusions: In patients with early atherosclerosis the level of cholesterol, HDL and LDL and ESR, Platelet showed a significant increase at p ≤ 0.5 for infected people, while a significant decrease in triglycerides at p ≥ 0.5. also, the (albumin and globulin) showed a decrease in significance at p ≥ 0.5, while significance was high for C-reactive protein. This is an important indication of the importance of these parameters to detecting the disease.

Anti-inflammatory Effect of Apigenin Obtained by Portulaca oleracea L in ‎Male Mice

This study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory effects of ‎‎apigenin, obtained from Portulaca oleracea L., using a male mouse model‎. A total of 56 ‎healthy BLAB/c albino male mice (Mus musculus) were used in two experiments. In the first experiment‎, ‎the xylene-induced ear edema, 28 male mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=7). ‎The negative control group received distilled water, while the positive control, apigenin-‎treated, and indomethacin-treated groups were exposed to xylene (0.03 mL applied to ‎the anterior and posterior surface of the right ear lobe) to induce inflammation. ‎Subsequently, the apigenin-treated group received orally 50 mg/kg BW apigenin, and ‎the indomethacin-treated group received orally 0.36 mg/kg BW indomethacin.‎ Ear weight ‎difference was calculated as an indicator ‎of anti-inflammatory. For the second experiment, the carrageenan-induced paw edema‎, a ‎similar experimental design was followed, but carrageenan (50 ‎mg/kg BW of 1% solution) ‎was ‎administered intra-dermally‎ in the right hindpaws.‎ Paw skin thickness difference ‎and differential white blood ‎cells (WBCs) count, along with the ‎quantification of prostaglandin E-2 ‎‎(PGE-2) and ‎interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum samples, were used as indicators of anti-inflammatory.‎ Results showed that xylene exposure led ‎to a significant ear weight increase, ‎indicative of ‎inflammation. Conversely, the ‎apigenin-treated group demonstrated a ‎reduction in ear ‎weight compared to the positive control group. Similarly, carrageenan ‎administration resulted ‎in a substantial ‎increase in paw skin thickness and elevated levels of ‎WBCs count, PGE-2, ‎and IL-6. ‎Apigenin treatment significantly mitigated these ‎inflammatory markers, ‎‎outperforming indomethacin in PGE-2 ‎and IL-6‎. This study provides evidence supporting the potential ‎of P. oleracea-derived ‎apigenin as an effective anti-inflammatory agent, showing ‎comparable or better ‎efficacy ‎than indomethacin‎‎‎‎‎.

Performance evaluation of the digital morphology analyser Sysmex DI-60 for white blood cell differentials in abnormal samples

Sysmex DI-60 enumerates and classifies leukocytes. Limited research has evaluated the performance of Sysmex DI-60 in abnormal samples, and most focused on leukopenic samples. We evaluate the efficacy of DI-60 in determining white blood cell (WBC) differentials in normal and abnormal samples in different WBC count. Peripheral blood smears (n = 166) were categorised into normal control and disease groups, and further divided into moderate and severe leucocytosis, mild leucocytosis, normal, mild leukopenia, and moderate and severe leukopenia groups based on WBC count. DI-60 preclassification and verification and manual counting results were assessed using Bland–Altman and Passing–Bablok regression analyses. The Kappa test compared the concordance in the abnormal cell detection between DI-60 and manual counting. DI-60 exhibited notable overall sensitivity and specificity for all cells, except basophils. The correlation between the DI-60 preclassification and manual counting was high for segmented neutrophils, band neutrophils, lymphocytes, and blasts, and improved for all cell classes after verification. The mean difference between DI-60 and manual counting for all cell classes was significantly high in moderate and severe leucocytosis (WBC > 30.0 × 109/L) and moderate and severe leukopenia (WBC < 1.5 × 109/L) groups. For blast cells, immature granulocytes, and atypical lymphocytes, the DI-60 verification results were similar to the manual counting results. Plasma cells showed poor agreement. In conclusion, DI-60 demonstrates consistent and reliable analysis of WBC differentials within the range of 1.5–30.0 × 109. Manual counting was indispensable in examining moderate and severe leucocytosis samples, moderate and severe leukopenia samples, and in enumerating of monocytes and plasma cells.

A comparative study of blood cell count in four automated hematology analyzers: An evaluation of the impact of preanalytical factors.

Differential white blood cell counts are frequently used in diagnosis, patient stratification, and treatment selection to optimize therapy responses. Referral laboratories are often used but challenged with use of different hematology platforms, variable blood shipping times and storage conditions, and the different sensitivities of specific cell types. To extend the scientific literature and knowledge on the temporal commutability of blood samples between hematology analyzers, we performed a comparative ex-vivo study using four of the most utilized commercial platforms, focusing on the assessment of eosinophils given its importance in asthma management. Whole blood from healthy volunteers with and without atopy (n = 6+6) and participants with eosinophilic asthma (n = 6) were stored under different conditions (at 4, 20, 30, and 37°C, with or without agitation) and analyzed at different time points (3, 6, 24, 48 and 72h post-sampling) in parallel on the Abbott CELL-DYN Sapphire, Beckman Coulter DxH900, Siemens ADVIA 2120i and Sysmex XN-1000V. In the same blood samples, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), eosinophil activation and death markers were analyzed. All platforms gave comparable measurements of cell differentials on fresh blood within the same day of sampling. However, by 24 hours, significant temporal and temperature-dependent differences were observed, most markedly for eosinophils. None of the platforms performed perfectly across all temperatures tested during the 72 hours, showing that handling conditions should be optimized depending on the cell type of interest and the hematology analyzer. Neither disease status (healthy vs. asthma) nor agitation of the sample affected the cell quantification result or EDN release. The eosinophil activation markers measured by flow cytometry increased with time, were influenced by temperature, and were higher in those with asthma versus healthy participants. In conclusion, hematology analyzer, time window from sampling until analysis, and temperature conditions must be considered when analyzing blood cell differentials, particularly for eosinophils, via central labs to obtain counts comparable to the values obtained in freshly sampled blood.

Semen and haematological characteristics of cocks drenched varying levels of Turmeric Powder (TP)

Emerging evidence from in vivo as well as in vitro studies indicates that botanicals play noteworthy roles in the treatment, prevention and management of livestock diseases. Use of natural compounds in botanicals has been proposed as potential alternative to conventional therapeutic options. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of varying levels of turmeric powder (Curcuma longa) on semen characteristics and haematological indices of cocks. Turmeric (C. longa) rhizomes were obtained from a local market in Saki in Oyo State, Nigeria, in March 2023. They were washed, skin scraped and air-dried at room temperature for 10 hours, and then oven-dried at 40°C for 12 hours. Afterwards, the dried turmeric rhizomes were ground into powder using a blender. The product was kept in an air-tight container until use. The experimental material was drenched at 0.00 g (T1), 0.50 g (T2), 1.00 g (T3) and 1.50 g (T4) after 2 weeks of acclimatization. Semen volume, sperm cell progressive motility, sperm cell liveability, acrosome integrity, sperm cell concentration and normal sperm cell were evaluated for semen characteristics. Haematological parameters measured were: PCV, RBC, WBC Hb, MCV, MCH, MCHC and white blood cell differentials. Data obtained were subjected to one-way analysis of variance. Semen volume (0.34 – 0.37 ml), sperm cell progressive motility (68.33 – 80%), sperm cell liveability (46.66 – 85.00%), acrosome integrity (50.00 – 85%) and normal sperm cell (66.66 – 90%) showed significant difference (p&lt;0.05) in favour of cocks on highest level (1.50 g) of turmeric powder, while sperm cell concentration (28.33 - 40.00 X109/ml) showed no significant difference (p&gt;0.05). Also PCV (36.00 – 40.33%), RBC (3.55 – 3.74 X106/ml), WBC (19.01 – 19.71 X109/ml), Hb (11.66 – 13.00 dl), MCV (100.53 – 109.53 ⴄ), MCH (32.57 – 35.31pg) and MCHC (32.00 – 32.37%) showed no significant differences (p&gt;0.05) between treatments. In conclusion turmeric powder up to 1.50 g showed an improvement in all the semen characteristics measured without negative effect on haematological characteristics of cocks.