Differential Leukocyte Counts Research Articles

THE EFFECT OF FEEDING GRADED LEVELS OF CASSAVA LEAF MEAL ON HAEMATOLOGY RABBIT DOES IN A SOUTHERN GUINEA SAVANNA ENVIRONMENT OF NIGERIA

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding graded levels of cassava leaf meal (CLM) on haematology of rabbit does. A total of 20 rabbits at 28 weeks old, weighing between 1602- 1678g were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments in a trial that lasted for nine (9) weeks. The four diets were designated T, (control), T2, T3 and T, with cassava leaf meal inclusion of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30%, respectively. Each rabbit serves as a replicate in a completely randomized design. The results showed that cassava leaf meal had no significant effect (p>0.05) Haemoglobin (Hb) Red blood cells, White blood cells and Leucocyte differential counts. Significant effect of diet was observed on packed cell volume (PCV). Haematological values obtained were comparable to the normal range for rabbits. It was therefore concluded that the inclusion of up to 30% of cassava leaf meal in the diet of rabbit does would guarantee good health. It is recommended that further study on the feeding potential of cassava leaf meal at higher levels of inclusion be investigated.

STUDIES ON THE CURATIVE AND PROPHYLACTIC CONCENTRATIONS OF ISOMETAMIDIUM CHLORIDE IN THE TREATMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL Trypanosoma congolense INFECTION IN RED SOKOTO BUCKS

The effectiveness of therapeutic and prophylactic drug concentrations of isometamidium chloride (ISMTX) was studied in Trypanosoma congolense infected Red Sokoto bucks (RSB). Sixteen R.S.B were divided into four groups of four animals each: Group I (1 % ISMTX), Group II (2 % ISMTX), Group III (3% ISMTX) and Group IV (uninfected and untreated-Control). Groups I, II and III bucks were inoculated with approximately 1x10 trypanosomes intravenously each. Parasitemia was monitored on wet-mount and mHCT throughout the study. Clinical signs, rectal temperature, PCV, Total white blood cell count (TWBCC), differential leucocyte count were monitored. Group I, II and III were treated with 1 %, 2%, and 3 % isometamidium chloride at the dose rate of 0.5 mg/kg body weight intramuscularly. 2 % and 3 % ISMTX groups were re-infected post-treatment to test their chemoprophylaxis. Statistical analysis using One way -ANOVA was employed P<0.05 considered significant. The 1% ISMTX had relapse post-treatment while the parasite in 2 % and 3 % ISMTX groups appeared following re-infection. Pale mucous membranes, pyrexia, inappetance, depression, epiphora and nasal discharges were among the clinical signs observed. There was a significant difference (P<0.001) in the daily mean rectal temperature post-infection and post-treatment between the test groups and the control group. A significant difference (P<0.001) in the PCV was also noted in all the three groups post-infection and post-treatment. The TWBCC in all the three test groups differed significantly (P<0.001) post-infection and post-treatment compared with the control group. A significant (P<0.01) lymphopenia was noted post-infection and post- treatment respectively. The 1% isometamidiuim was effective in the treatment of trypanosomiosis according to this study but not curative while the 2 % and 3 % isometamidium chloride were both effective and curative for the period of observation. The chemoprophylaxis of the 2 % and 3 % isometamidium chloride based on this study was five weeks and four weeks respectively.

Genotoxicity, acute and sub-acute toxicity profiles of methanolic Cordyceps militaris (L.) Fr. extract in Swiss Albino Mice

Ethnopharmacological relevanceCordyceps militaris, a traditional medicinal fungus, parasitizes the intestines of lepidopteron pupae or larvae, predominantly during the winter, and undergoes fruiting in the summer or autumn. Compounds extracted from C. militaris have demonstrated a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-metastatic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-diabetic, and various others. Aim of the studyHerein, our study aimed at elucidating the acute, sub-acute toxicity, and genotoxicity profiles of C. militaris methanolic extract following oral administration in Swiss albino mice, representing the inaugural comprehensive exploration of the toxicological and safety profiles of C. militaris. Materials and methodsPrior studies have predominantly focused on its biological activities rather than its toxicity. Acute oral toxicity study was conducted at 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/Kg B.W. doses of C. militaris over a 14-day period. For sub-acute toxicity study, three groups of mice were administered 100, 300, and 600 mg/Kg B.W. of C. militaris extract for 28 consecutive days; one group served as a control. Mice were monitored for their body weight and behavioural changes once daily. Hematological, serum biochemical, histopathological, histomorphometric, seminal parameters, and mutagenic investigations were performed post-treatment period. ResultsAcute oral toxicity study at 2000 mg/Kg revealed no signs of toxicity, with an LD50 value surpassing 2000 mg/Kg. No occurrences of mortality observed, and no significant changes were noted in body weight, organ weight, or behaviour. Hematological analysis illustrated a marked upsurge in RBC, Hb, HCT, PLT, MPV, and PCT, alongside minor variations in differential leucocyte count post 28-day treatment. Liver enzyme tests indicated slight elevation in ALP, while renal enzyme tests showed alterations in CRE and BUN levels. Genotoxicity profile and histopathological assessments of the liver, spleen, testis, and ovary manifested no remarkable irregularities, except for mild renal toxicity. Seminal parameters including sperm concentration, motility and testosterone levels demonstrated a noteworthy increase. ConclusionsThe study sheds light on the potential risks and safety considerations associated with C. militaris-based medicinal products. These findings establish a foundation for further investigations and the refinement of dosage optimization in the application of C. militaris, with the aim of mitigating any potential adverse effects.

STUDY ON NORMAL HRMATOLOGICAL VALUES OF ARABIAN RACE HORSES

Hematological values for sixty clinically normal Arabian bred race horses of both sexes were estimated.Red cell ,count, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean ‘corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, white cell count, differential leukocytic count, total serum protein, albumin and globulin were determined by using several laboratory techniques. It appeared that the total serum protein and globulin were significantly higher in the stallions than those in mares (P < 0.05) whereas the results of other hemaltological parameters were comparable and the mean values did not show significant differences (P > 0.05).

Will the white blood cells tell? A potential novel tool to assess broiler chicken welfare.

This study assessed qualitative and quantitative leukocyte evaluation as potential broiler chicken welfare indicators, contributing to the limited literature on white blood cell (WBC) morphology as a diagnostic tool for welfare. Broiler chicken welfare within four poultry houses (PH) 1 to 4, each on a different farm, was assessed using on-field indicators of affective states and health, and WBC morphology was examined. Affective states were evaluated using the Qualitative Behavior Assessment (QBA), with 25 behavioral expressions scored on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and grouped into two categories. Health indicators included assessments of lameness, footpad dermatitis, dermatitis on the breast and abdominal areas, hock burn, and feather cleaning. Blood samples were collected, differential leukocyte counts were performed, and a cell score was created for the recognition, classification, and interpretation of morphologic diversity of heterophils and lymphocytes. The heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (H/L) was also determined. Descriptive statistics and generalized linear models for binomial responses were used to analyze the results. PH4 differed from the other farms, showing a higher frequency of birds within QBA group 1 ('Attentive'to 'Desperate'), while birds in PH1, PH2, and PH3 were more frequent in QBA group 2 ('Relaxed' to 'Positively occupied'). Elevated proportions of heterophils in birds from PH4 (0.61, CI95%: 0.58; 0.64) and PH3 (0.60, CI95%: 0.57; 0.63) suggested higher stress levels and inflammatory responses. Birds in PH2 and PH4 exhibited higher frequencies of health issues such as dermatitis and lameness, and higher proportions of abnormalities in WBC number and morphology. PH3 and PH4 exhibited higher H/L ratios of 3.03 and 2.58, respectively, consistent with the on-field health and behavioral indicators. Blood samples from birds in PH2 and PH4 showed a proportion of 90% toxic change in heterophils, while in PH1 and PH3 it was 70%, indicating high levels of abnormal WBC morphology across all PHs. The findings emphasize the multifactorial nature of welfare impairments, including environmental conditions, health, and affective states. This highlights the need for indicators that reflect multiple welfare impacts, such as WBC counts and morphological alterations, which can serve as powerful tools in the complex task of assessing animal welfare.

Lymphocyte as a predictor of prognosis of COVID-19 patients: A hospital-based study.

Lymphocytopenia has emerged as a simply obtained laboratory value that may correlate with prognosis. In this study we aim to study absolute Lymphocyte count after clinical recovery. Observational study was conducted in Covid dedicated Hospital in Mizoram. Absolute lymphocyte count is obtained from the differential leucocyte count of the patients. The obsolute Lymphocyte count at the time of hospital admission is compared with the Absolute Lymphocyte count at the time of hospital discharge after the patient obtained clinical recovery. Absolute Lymphocyte Count at the time of admission has a mean of 2004.48 and standard deviation of 1204.868. Absolute Lymphocyte Count at the time of discharge has a mean of 1943.68 and standard devaiton of 842.228. Pearsons correlation coefficientis showed that there is positive correlation between the variables (Correlation coeffiecient = .325). Also, the correlation is statistically significant (P < 0.05). Paired Sample t-test showed there is no statistical significant difference between Absolute Lymphocyte Count- at the time of admission and at the time of discharge (P > 0.05) at 95% Conficence Interval. Our study showed that Absolute Lymphocyte count had no signicant difference at the time of hospital admission and after clinical recovery.

A causal link between circulating leukocytes and three major urologic cancers: a mendelian randomization investigation.

This study aimed to explore the influence of serum leukocytes on urologic cancers (UC) using observation-based investigations. In the present study, Mendelian randomization (MR) was employed to assess the link between leukocyte count (LC) and the risk of UC development. Five LC and three major UC patient prognoses were obtained for MR analysis from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Furthermore, in order to evaluate reverse causality, bidirectional studies were conducted. Finally, a sensitivity analysis using multiple methods was carried out. There was no significant correlation found in the genetic assessment of differential LC between the co-occurrence of bladder cancer (BCA) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Conversely, an individual 1-standard deviation (SD) rise in neutrophil count was strongly linked to a 9.3% elevation in prostate cancer (PCA) risk ([odd ratio]OR = 1.093, 95% [confidence interval]CI = 0.864-1.383, p = 0.002). Reverse MR analysis suggested that PCA was unlikely to cause changes in neutrophil count. Additional sensitivity studies revealed that the outcomes of all MR evaluations were similar, and there was no horizontal pleiotropy. Primary MR analysis using inverse-variance weighted (IVW) revealed that differential lymphocyte count significantly influenced RCC risk (OR = 1.162, 95%CI = 0.918-1.470, p = 0.001). Moreover, altered basophil count also affected BCA risk (OR = 1.249, 95% CI = 0.904-1.725, p = 0.018). Nonetheless, these causal associations were not significant in the sensitivity analysis. In summary, the results revealed that increased neutrophil counts represent a significant PCA risk factor. The current research indicates a significant relationship between immune cell activity and the cause of UC.

LEUKOCYTE PROFILE OF BROILER SLAUGHTERED AT A CHICKEN SLAUGHTERHOUSE IN JIMBARAN BALI

Currently, the poultry industry is trying to meet the demand for providing nutritious meat. Therefore, broiler health is a factor that determines the success of chicken cultivation, because the good health condition of the chickens that will be slaughtered will provide a sense of security that the meat produced is healthy and suitable for consumption. The study aims to determine the total and differential broiler leukocytes, and the differences between male and female broilers slaughtered at the Chicken Slaughterhouse in Jimbaran. This study used 20 broiler blood samples obtained from 10 female and 10 male broilers. Blood samples were taken randomly before the broilers were slaughtered via the brachial vein. Total leukocytes were counted using the Auto Hematology Analyzer Rayto RT-7600 for Vet. Differential leukocyte counting is carried out by examining blood smear preparations. The examination results showed that the average total leukocytes of female broilers (83.26 x 103/µl) were not significantly different (P&gt;0.05) from those of males (86.3 x 103/µl). Average differential of female broiler leukocytes: heterophils (23.74 x 103/µl), lymphocytes (53.01 x 103/µl), monocytes (4.11 x 103/µl), eosinophils (2.49 x 103/µl), basophils (0 x 103/µl). Average differential leukocytes of male broilers: heterophils (34.82 x 103/µl), lymphocytes (46.64 x 103/µl), monocytes (3.88 x 103/µl), eosinophils (1 x 103/µl), basophils (0.04 x 103/µl). Significant differences (P&lt;0.05) were only found in heterophils. Morphological studies of broiler leukocytes slaughtered at the Jimbaran Chicken Slaughterhouse show that the types of leukocytes are in accordance with the reference. Further research needs to be carried out to determine the normal value and morphology of broiler leukocytes in Bali and in Indonesia in general.

An observational study investigating soluble immune checkpoints as indicators of severe COVID-19.

This study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory behavior of soluble immune checkpoints (sICPs) and other biomarkers in the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study included 59 adult participants, 43 of whom tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Patients were divided into three cohorts: those with moderate disease (n = 16), recovered patients with severe disease (n = 13), and deceased patients with severe disease (n = 16). In addition, 16 participants were pre-pandemic subjects negative for SARS-CoV-2. The relative activity of neutralizing antibodies (rNAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 and the values of 14 sICPs in peripheral blood were compared between the four groups. Because the increase of markers values of inflammation [NLR > 12; CRP > 150 mg/L] and venous thromboembolism [D-dimer > 0.5 mg/L] has been associated with mortality from COVID-19, the total and differential leukocyte counts, the NLR, and CRP and D-dimer values were obtained in patients with severe disease. No differences in rNAbs were observed between the cohorts. Only the levels of five sICPs, sCD27, sHVEM sTIM-3, sPD-1, and sPDL-1, were significantly higher in patients with severe rather than moderate disease. The sPDL-2 level and NLR were higher in deceased patients than in recovered patients. However, there was no difference in CRP and D-dimer values between the two groups. Of the five soluble biomarkers compared among patients with severe disease, only sPDL-2 was higher in deceased patients than in recovered patients. This suggests that immuno-inhibitory sICPs might be used as indicators for severe COVID-19, with sPDL-2 used to assess individual risk for fatality.IMPORTANCECOVID-19, the disease caused by a SARS-CoV-2 infection, generates a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms, progressing to multiorgan failure in the most severe cases. As activation of the immune system is pivotal to eradicating the virus, future research should focus on identifying reliable biomarkers to efficiently predict the outcome in severe COVID-19 cases. Soluble immune checkpoints represent the function of the immune system and are easily determined in peripheral blood. This research could lead to implementing more effective severity biomarkers for COVID-19, which could increase patients' survival rate and quality of life.

Enhancing pneumonia prognosis in the emergency department: a novel machine learning approach using complete blood count and differential leukocyte count combined with CURB-65 score

BackgroundPneumonia poses a major global health challenge, necessitating accurate severity assessment tools. However, conventional scoring systems such as CURB-65 have inherent limitations. Machine learning (ML) offers a promising approach for prediction. We previously introduced the Blood Culture Prediction Index (BCPI) model, leveraging solely on complete blood count (CBC) and differential leukocyte count (DC), demonstrating its effectiveness in predicting bacteremia. Nevertheless, its potential in assessing pneumonia remains unexplored. Therefore, this study aims to compare the effectiveness of BCPI and CURB-65 in assessing pneumonia severity in an emergency department (ED) setting and develop an integrated ML model to enhance efficiency.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted at a 3400-bed tertiary medical center in Taiwan. Data from 9,352 patients with pneumonia in the ED between 2019 and 2021 were analyzed in this study. We utilized the BCPI model, which was trained on CBC/DC data, and computed CURB-65 scores for each patient to compare their prognosis prediction capabilities. Subsequently, we developed a novel Cox regression model to predict in-hospital mortality, integrating the BCPI model and CURB-65 scores, aiming to assess whether this integration enhances predictive performance.ResultsThe predictive performance of the BCPI model and CURB-65 score for the 30-day mortality rate in ED patients and the in-hospital mortality rate among admitted patients was comparable across all risk categories. However, the Cox regression model demonstrated an improved area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.713 than that of CURB-65 (0.668) for in-hospital mortality (p<0.001). In the lowest risk group (CURB-65=0), the Cox regression model outperformed CURB-65, with a significantly lower mortality rate (2.9% vs. 7.7%, p<0.001).ConclusionsThe BCPI model, constructed using CBC/DC data and ML techniques, performs comparably to the widely utilized CURB-65 in predicting outcomes for patients with pneumonia in the ED. Furthermore, by integrating the CURB-65 score and BCPI model into a Cox regression model, we demonstrated improved prediction capabilities, particularly for low-risk patients. Given its simple parameters and easy training process, the Cox regression model may be a more effective prediction tool for classifying patients with pneumonia in the emergency room.

Role of neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio in the management of children with snake bite envenomation: A single-center prospective observational study

Background: Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has recently gained popularity as a simple, inexpensive, and highly accurate inflammatory marker. When the differential count of leukocytes is checked following it is characterized by leukocytosis with an increase in neutrophil count and a decline in lymphocyte counts. This study was conducted to assess whether alteration in the differential count of leukocytes following envenomation has the ability to diagnose and predict the severity and prognosis in children and to derive a cutoff value for the same. Subjects and Methods: This prospective observational study was done in the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care hospital from July 2019 to June 2020. From the complete blood count of patients done at admission, NLR1 was calculated. All patients were treated as per the national snake bite treatment protocol. The amount of antisnake venom (ASV) given, duration of hospital stay, and ICU stay were correlated with NLR1 values. Results: An NLR value of 3.35 can predict envenomation with 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Similarly, an NLR value of 6.72 can predict the need for more than 10 ASV vials with a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 97%, and an NLR value of 6.72 can predict the occurrence of major complications with a sensitivity of 89.3% and specificity of 94%. Conclusions: NLR can differentiate poisonous snake bites from nonpoisonous bites and can also predict the severity of the envenomation.

Estrogen Metabolites Modulate Airway Hyperreactivity in a Murine Model of Asthma

Objective: Airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and remodeling are the key contributors to airway changes in asthma resulting in airway narrowing and resistance to airflow. Sex-steroid signaling, especially estrogen’s differential role in asthma undoubtedly questions its prime involvement in regulating airway structure and function in context to asthma. Evidence from cardiovascular (CV) and reproductive systems suggests that estrogen metabolites particularly 2-hydroxyestradiol (2HE) and 16α-hydroxyestradiol (16αHE2) influence a multitude of cellular functions. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to determine how estrogen metabolites regulate AHR and remodeling using a mouse model of asthma. Methods: WT C57BL/6J (male and female) mice were procured from Jackson Laboratory. Experimental animals were administered with PBS, 2-HE (2 mg/kg), 16αHE2 (2 mg/kg) with/without MA intranasally on alternate days for 28 days. On day 29, mice were anesthetized and subjected to SCIREQ flexiVent to measure Lung mechanics like airway resistance (Rrs), elastance (Ers), and compliance (Crs). Following this, broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) was performed for differential leukocyte count (DLC) and lung tissue samples processed for histology using hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining and Sirius-red and fast-green (SRFG). Results: MA-challenged group increased airway Rrs and reduced Crs in response to methacholine (MCh) in both male and female mice with profound effects in female mice. Animals exposed to MA and administered with 16αHE2 showed significant increase the Rrs while 2-HE downregulated the MA effect. The exacerbated effect of 16αHE2 on Rrs was significantly higher in MA-challenged female mice compared to male mice. Histology study including H&amp;E and SRFG stained lung sections show increased ASM mass in 16αHE2 exposed mixed MA challenged mice. Whereas 2HE reversed MA induced effect. DLC in BAL showed increased neutrophils and eosinophils in MA challenged mice, this was attenuated by 2HE. Conclusion: This study highlights the distinct role of estrogen metabolites in regulating airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling in the context of asthma. Thus, providing possible therapeutic potential for observed sex differences in asthma. Acknowledgment: Supported by NIH grant R01-HL146705 (Sathish). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a surrogate marker of diabetic nephropathy

Background and objectives: Diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy are microvascular complications of diabetes. Nephropathy is clinically manifested as an increase in urine albumin excretion. Total white blood cell count is a crude but sensitive indicator of inflammation and studied in many cardiac and non-cardiac diseases as an inflammatory marker such as acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure. In this study, the association of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. Methods: This was a prospective observational study performed on patients with diabetic nephropathy +/- retinopathy. A total of v104 subjects diagnosed with 3type 2 diabetes mellitus registered in this study. NLR was calculated by analyzing differential leukocyte count in complete blood picture. Spot Albuminuria was tested by immune turbidimetry method. Urine creatinine was tested by jaffe’s kinetic method by which spot urine microalbumin to creatinine ratio is calculated. ANOVA, Independent t-test, chi-square test, Karl Pearson correlation were applied to find significance. P&lt;0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Totally 104 diabetic subjects were registered, 52 subjects had DN and 52 had normal urine albumin. Mean±SD NLR for a normal group is 2.5±1.1 and in DN group is 3.4±1.4 which was highly significant (P =0.001). Conclusion: Our study showed that there was a significant relation between NLR and DN; and positive correlation between NLR and urine microalbumin to creatinine ratio. Therefore, NLR may be considered as a novel surrogate marker of DN.

Can blood eosinophil count be used as a predictive marker for the severity of COPD and concomitant cardiovascular disease? The relationship with the 2023 Version of the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Staging.

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between eosinophil count and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the correlation between eosinophil count and the risk of exacerbations in COPD. The study included 405 patients who met the study inclusion criteria. Of the participants, 100 (25%) were classified as Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) A, 105 (26%) as GOLD B, and 200 (49%) as GOLD E. Routine blood tests (including leukocyte count and differential leukocyte count, hemoglobin, and platelet count) were carried out using an automated hematology analyzer. The eosinophil count and eosinophil percentage were significantly higher in 158 patients with COPD and concurrent CVD than in the COPD patients without concurrent CVD [2.95 (2.4), p=2.309e-11, 1.9 (2), p=5.02e-08, respectively). The prevalence of CVD was higher in the GOLD E group that experienced prominent exacerbations, and while the eosinophil count was also higher (p=.03) in this group, the eosinophil percentage did not differ significantly in this group of patients. The results of our study indicate a strong relationship between eosinophils and cardiovascular events in COPD subjects, particularly in subjects at high risk of exacerbations and cardiovascular complications.

Blood Cell Types and Abnormalities in Free Ranging Hermann’s Tortoise (Testudo hermanni) Populations from Different Habitats

Testudo hermanni is considered near threatened globally in the wild. In this study differential leukocyte percentages, nuclear abnormalities, and erythrocyte morphology abnormalities of Testudo hermanni populations from two different habitat types in the Thrace Region were determined to whether habitats have a potential effect on blood cells. A total of 37 tortoises, 18 from an open habitat in Kırklareli/Karakoç, and 19 from an isolated habitat in Edirne/Keşan were studied. According to the results obtained from the Micronucleus Test, which detects genotoxic damage, there was no statistically significant difference between the two habitats. There were statistically significant differences in erythrocyte morphology abnormalities and differential leukocyte count between two populations, such as frequencies of anucleated erythrocyte, nuclear shift, elliptical shape distortion, monocyte and eosinophile percentages. This is the first study examined nuclear abnormalities of Testudo hermanni in Türkiye.

Diagnosis and surgical treatment of associated papillary lung adenocarcinoma to canine distemper: case report

Lung neoplasms in dogs have a multifactorial etiology, and animals aged 10 or older are the most affected, with no sexual or racial predisposition. Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of cancer and represent around 80% of the cases. The aim of this study was to describe a case of an 11-year-old dog of no defined breed (SRD) with papillary lung adenocarcinoma and canine distemper virus. Clinical examination revealed a body condition score (BCS: 5.0), normocardial, tachypneic, normothermic, mild dehydration (5 - 6%), hyporexia, hypocolored mucous membranes, normodipsia, normuria and normoquesia. Hematological tests (blood count, biochemistry) were carried out, initially showing leukocytosis and regenerative anemia. Imaging tests of the chest (x-ray) and computed tomography (CT) showed a nodule, with approximately 7cm in circumference in the ventral portion of the right caudal lung lobe. Treatment was by thoracotomy to excise the nodule. The excised material was sent for histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis, which confirmed the diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma. Infection with the distemper virus was confirmed by the identification of the Lentz corpuscle, which was found in the blood sample during the differential leukocyte count, when the animal was returned for re-evaluation. The animal did not respond to treatment and died 48 hours after the diagnosis of distemper, in response to cardiorespiratory arrest, 12 days after the removal of the nodule. Infection with the distemper virus led to an unfavorable prognosis and made post-surgical treatment impossible, culminating in the animal's death.

Haematological Profile and its Clinical Implications in Dengue Viral Infections

Introduction: Dengue fever is the most common arboviral disease in the world. Transmission to humans of dengue virus initiates a spectrum of illness, from inapparent to severe and sometimes lethal infections. Complete blood count (CBC) is an important part of diagnostic workup of patients. Comparison of various findings in CBC and peripheral blood film can help the physician in diagnosis, management and assessment of prognosis of the patients. Objectives: To find out the pattern of haematological findings in dengue infection. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out on 62 dengue cases in CMH Savar from May to October 2019. Diagnosis of dengue was based on clinical features, haematological and biochemical findings and confirmed by serological tests. Haematological parameters analyzed include haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit, total leucocyte count (TLC), differential leucocyte count (DLC), platelet count and peripheral blood film. Results: Important findings in haematological profile were haemoconcentration, raised haematocrit, low WBC count, early neutrophilia and late lymphocytosis, reactive lymphocytes in peripheral blood and thrombocytopenia. Haemoglobin ranged from 10.0-18.5gm/dl. Haematocrit was raised in 13(20.96%) cases. Thrombocytopenia (platelet count &lt;1.5 Lac/mm3) was observed in 59(95.16%) cases. Platelet count 1-1.5 Lac was seen in 4(6.45%) cases, 50,000-1 Lac in 25(40.32%) cases, 20,000-50,000 in 26(41.93%) cases and &lt; 20,000 in 4(6.45%) cases. Leucopenia (TLC&lt;4000/mm3) was seen in 46(74.19%) cases and &gt;11000mm3 in 2(3.22%) cases. On peripheral blood smear reactive lymphocytes including plasmacytoid lymphocytes were seen in almost all the cases. Conclusion: CBC examination gives enough clue for early diagnosis of dengue infection which can be confirmed by dengue serology. Serial CBC examination is also important in disease monitoring, treatment of the patient and prediction of prognosis. JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 19, No 1 (June) 2023:11-14

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SWEETENERS ON GLYCOGEN CONTENT OF BLOOD LEUKOCYTES AND DIFFERENTIAL LEUKOCYTE COUNTS IN C57BL/6 MICE

We studied the eff ect of stevia leaf extract, saccharinate and cyclamate in various dosages on the glycogen content of blood leukocytes in mice, as a necessary substrate for the realization of phagocytosis. An increase of glycogen content was found in all experimental groups which obtained sweeteners at a dosage of 10 mg/g of body weight. The eff ect of sweeteners on the diff erential leukocyte counts was found only for mice treated with stevia leaf extract at a dosage of 10 mg/g of body weight. They demonstrated increase of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. New data expand our understanding of the metabolism of sugar substitutes in the organism and their eff ect on physiological systems, in particular the hematopoietic and immune systems.

Biochemical and Hematological Assessment in Patients With Thyroid Dysfunction

This investigation conducted for biochemical and hematological assessment in patients with thyroid dysfunction. The research was carried out at a laboratory in Baghdad, Iraq, and it is a case-control study. The sample was gathered from February 2023 through the years 2021 and 2022. About 250 individuals were a part of this study; 100 were hypothyroid, 100 were hyperthyroid, and 50 had normal thyroid function and complete blood counts. A total of three millilitres of whole blood and two millilitres of EDTA were obtained from each subject in an aseptic manner for the CBC. Also, 2 ml of blood was drawn for serum separation, these sera were used for evaluation T3, T4, TSH, AST, ALT, Urea and Creatinine by using kits purchased from Linear company, the procedures for all were done according to manufacturer instructions. The control group had considerably greater mean RBC, Hb, HCT, and MCH concentrations, while the hypothyroid group had significantly lower values. The hyperthyroid group showed no significant difference between MCV and MCH. There were no statistically significant MCHC results in either the hypothyroid or hyperthyroid groups compared to the control group. There was little difference in total lymphocyte and platelet counts between the control, hyperthyroid, and hypothyroid groups. Differential leukocyte count showed statistically significant differences between the hypothyroid and hyperthyroid groups. As seen in Table 2, the hypothyroid group had higher serum TSH levels (p&lt;0.05), in contrast to the hyperthyroid group which exhibited lower levels (p&lt;0.05). Alternatively, when contrasted with the control group, the hypothyroid group had lower T3 and T4 levels (p&lt;0.05), whereas the hyperthyroid group had higher levels (p&lt;0.05). Improvements in hepatic and kidney functions were seen in patients with hypo or hyperthyroidism as compared to the control group in this investigation. In conclusion, both hypothyroidism as well as hyperthyroidism affects on hematological and biomarkers for thyroid, liver and kidney

Association of inflammatory markers with clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients during the second wave in 100 bedded dedicated COVID MCH Hospital, Raigarh, Chhattisgarh State

Background: A novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) was the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic 2019. SARS-CoV-2 affects respiratory tract and damages the tissue resulting in generation of inflammatory cells such as cytokines and chemokines such as IFN that damage the lung alveoli, causing severe acute respiratory syndrome. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to analyze the blood inflammatory markers of COVID-19 patients and association between clinical outcomes in COVID-19-positive patients with serum inflammatory markers during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in 100 bedded dedicated COVID MCH Raigarh CG. Materials and Methods: In this hospital-based cross-sectional observational study, 90 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled and categorized into three groups: mild, moderate, and severe. Blood inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ferritin, CK-Nac as well as hemogram total leukocyte count (TLC), differential leukocyte count, and neutrophil: lymphocyte (N:L) were determined and analyzed. Results: The results of the oxygen saturation (SpO2) severity strength of association with multiple variables taken in the study through logistic regression analysis of COVID-19 patient’s inflammatory markers serum levels of LDH (P&lt;0.05, odds ratio [OR]=1.0146), ferritin (P&lt;0.05, OR=0.9788), N:L (P&lt;0.05, OR=4.1041), and other non-inflammatory parameters such as creatinine (P&lt;0.05, OR=17.8039) were significant. SpO2 severity of COVID-19 patient’s with inflammatory markers LDH, ferritin, CK-Nac, and TLC associated with all severe, moderate, and mild groups. There was no significant association in the serum levels of CRP between the severe, moderate, and mild groups. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the levels of LDH, ferritin, CK-Nac, and TLC could be used to predict the severity of COVID-19 disease.