Differential Difference Current Conveyor Transconductance Research Articles

Low-Voltage Low-Power Differential Difference Current Conveyor Transconductance Amplifier and Its Application to a Versatile Analog Filter

Low-Voltage Low-Power Differential Difference Current Conveyor Transconductance Amplifier and Its Application to a Versatile Analog Filter

Tunable floating and grounded memristor emulator Model

ABSTRACT A Differential Difference Current Conveyor Transconductance Amplifier (DDCCTA) based resistor tunable memristor emulator has been proposed in this work. The emulator can be used in both grounded and floating circumstances. The proposed design incorporates only one active block along with few passive components. Moreover, the circuit can operate in both incremental and decremental modes, by simply changing the input ports. The circuit demonstrates all the characteristics of an ideal memristor up to 6 MHz. The proposed model has been simulated using TSMC 0.18m process parameter and occupies an area of 51 × 42.5 m2 chip-area, excluding capacitor. The circuit’s reliability has been verified by studying non-ideal, non-volatile, Monte-Carlo, process corner variations analysis. The circuit applicability has been tested through series/parallel combinations. To validate the experimental demonstration, AD844AN and CA3080 have been used to make a prototype, which shows good agreement with theoretical and simulation results.

A novel memristor emulator design and universal biquad filter application using second generation high swing differential current conveyor transconductance amplifier in 130 nm CMOS process

Memristors have drawn a significant wide spread attention from the research community since past decade due to their high-speed operational potential in analog applications. However, it has been difficult to achieve the memristor behavior directly from solid state solution and state of the art. This work presents a novel emulator design to mimic the memristor behavior. A generic and simple emulator circuit for a voltage controlled memristor is presented using a differential difference current conveyor transconductance amplifier (DDCCTA), which is based on a versatile second-generation current conveyor methodology. A high-swing (up to ±600 mA at the output) and low power implementation design effort for DDCCTA is kept in 130 nm RF-CMOS process with dual power supply mode. The functional simulations have been performed in SPICE environment using Advanced Design System (Keysight Technology), which showed a good alignment to the memristor emulator’s I-V characteristic at 1 KHz and 10 KHz. Proposed DDCCTA then implements the memristor operation with compatible specifications. Finally, the memristor operation and potential has been verified by its application in high-speed active filter operations. A universal biquad section has been presented which employs the designed memristor emulator, with 30 mW of power dissipation with ±1.5 V supply.

Current Mode and Voltage Mode Third Order Sinusoidal Oscillator Using CCDDCCTA

Objective: In this paper, a novel third order sinusoidal oscillator based on current controlled differential difference current conveyor transconductance amplifier (CCDDCCTA) is proposed. Methods: The proposed circuit configuration consist of single CCDDCCTA, two grounded resistor and three capacitors. It can concurrently yield output voltage and current. The amplitude of output current can be easily tuned by the bias current. The non-ideality and Monte-Carlo analysis are discussed and presented. Results: The stated results agree well with the theoretical estimation. Conclusion: The performance ofa proposed oscillator are analyzed with ORCAD 16.6 simulator and the analog block has been depicted using 0.25 μm CMOS TSMC technology parameters.

Improved current-mode wave active filter

ABSTRACT In this paper, a resistorless improved wave active filter (WAF) is presented using a comparatively new current-mode building block, namely extra X current-controlled current conveyor (EX-CCCII). The proposed wave active filter is designed in the current mode. The incident and reflected waves are used for designing the basic wave active elements, namely series and shunt inductors (L) and capacitors (C). The novelty of the circuit is that the mathematical operations like lossy integrator, unity gain amplifier, summation, and subtraction, required to realise the wave active elements, are accomplished by judiciously using the port relationships of EXCCCII. As a result of which the proposed circuit is compact and uses only two EXCCCIIs and one grounded capacitor for the realisation of wave elements (L and C). One 3rd and one 4th order Butterworth wave active filters are designed using EX-CCCII-based wave elements and simulated in cadence using 0.18 µm TSMC CMOS technology. The comparison indicates that the proposed WAF uses minimum numbers of analog building blocks (ABBs) and consumes the least power; moreover, the performances such as noise, percentage total harmonic distortion (%THD), and electronic controllability of cut-off frequency of the filters are also reported. Abbreviations: ABB: analog building block; FDNR: frequency-dependent negative resister; WAF: wave active filter; THD: total harmonic distortion; OTA: operational transconductance amplifier; CFOA: current feedback operational amplifier; VDTA: voltage differencing transconductance amplifier; OTRA: operational transresistance amplifier; CCDDCCTA: current-controlled differential difference current conveyor transconductance amplifier; DVCCCTA: differential voltage current-controlled conveyor transconductance amplifier; DVCCTA: differential voltage current conveyor transconductance amplifier; EX-CCCII: extra X current-controlled conveyor

Sinusoidal Oscillator Realization Using Band-Pass Filter

A second-order sinusoidal oscillator realization is presented using biquad band-pass filter. It uses non-inverting type of band-pass filter with unity-gain feedback to generate sinusoidal oscillation. The current-controlled differential difference current conveyor transconductance amplifier (CCDDCCTA) block-based band-pass filter is proposed to implement sinusoidal oscillation. The oscillator is found to posses both the voltage and current outputs simultaneously. It is also observed that the amplitude of the output current of the oscillator can be varied using bias current of CCDDCCTA. The feature of an oscillator like non-ideality has also been discussed for the proposed oscillator. The theoretical propositions have been verified through SPICE-based OrCAD 16.6 circuit simulator.

DDCCTA-Based Universal filter and Quadrature Oscillator

The study presents a universal filter and Oscillator obtain by applying only single input. All the passive components used are grounded which is suitable for integrated circuit implementation. In the circuit by applying for single input simultaneously low pass, High Pass, Band Pass, All Pass, and Notch filter is obtained by using two blocks of Differential Difference current conveyor transconductance amplifier.

Voltage-mode biquadratic filters using single DDCCTA

This paper presents two voltage-mode universal biquadratic filters based on a single differential difference current conveyor transconductance amplifier (DDCCTA). Each of the proposed circuits comprises a single DDCCTA combined with passive components that can realize lowpass (LP), highpass (HP), bandpass (BP), bandstop (BS), and allpass (AP) filtering responses from the same configuration. The first proposed configuration can be used as either a high-input impedance single-input four-output multifunction filter or three-input four-output universal filter. The second proposed circuit with single-input five-output is slightly modified from the first proposed configuration that can simultaneously realize LP, HP, BP, BS, and AP filtering responses. The proposed circuits enjoy the features of orthogonal tunable of resonance angular frequency and quality factor, only using grounded capacitors, and low active and passive sensitivities. Experimental and H-Spice simulation results are given to confirm theoretical analyses.

A Voltage-Mode Universal Biquadratic Filter Using DDCCTA

This paper presents a new voltage-mode (VM) universal biquadratic filter using differential difference current conveyor transconductance amplifier (DDCCTA) as an active element. The circuit employs one DDCCTA, two floating resistors and two floating capacitors which can realize five biquadratic filters, namely low-pass (LP), band-pass (BP), band-stop (BS), high-pass (HP) and all-pass (AP) into one single topology. For realizing these filtering functions, passive component-matching conditions, inverting-type and/or doubling-input signal requirements and changing circuit configuration are absent. The natural angular frequency and quality factor of the filter can be orthogonally controlled deliberately. The VM biquadratic filter using grounded passive components with high-input and low-output impedances can be obtained by adding an additional DDCCTA or differential difference current conveyor (DDCC). The simulation results with 0.5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m CMOS process from MIETEC are given to confirm the theoretical predictions and the experimental results are also included to verify the workability of the proposed structure.

High-input impedance tunable DDCCTA-based voltage-mode universal filter with grounded capacitors and resistors

A new high-input impedance tunable voltage-mode universal filter using two modified differential difference current conveyor transconductance amplifiers (DDCCTA), two grounded capacitors and three grounded resistors is presented. Because the input impedance of the proposed tunable voltage-mode universal filter is high, the input terminal can be directly connected to the next stage. The proposed circuit simultaneously provides universal voltage-mode lowpass, bandpass, highpass, bandreject and allpass filtering responses, without passive component-matching conditions or restrictions on input signals and enables independent control of the quality factor using single passive element. The use of only grounded capacitors and resistors makes the proposed circuit ideal for integrated circuit implementation. The active and passive sensitivities of the proposed circuit configuration are low. Simulation results verifying the theoretical analysis are also included.

Current Mode Universal Filter Using Single Current Controlled Differential Difference Current Conveyor Transconductance Amplifier

This research paper contains a new electronically tunable current-mode biquadratic universal filter using a new active building block; current controlled differential difference current conveyor transconductance amplifier (CCDDCCTA). The proposed filter provides the following important and desirable features: (i) One can use only one CCDDCCTA and two capacitors; (ii) One can get low pass (LP), band pass (BP), high pass (HP), notch (NF) and all pass (AP) current responses from the same configuration without any alteration; (iii) Passive components are grounded, which ease the integrated circuit implementation; (iv) Responses are electronically tunable; and (v) Sensitivity is low. Moreover, the non-ideality analysis shows that the parasitic passive components can be compensated for the proposed circuit. The functionality of the design is verified through SPICE simulations using 0.25 μm CMOS TSMC technology process parameters. Simulation result agrees well with the theoretical analysis.

High‐input impedance voltage‐mode differential difference current conveyor transconductance amplifier‐based universal filter with single input and five outputs using only grounded passive components

This study presents a novel high-input impedance voltage-mode differential difference current conveyor transconductance amplifier (DDCCTA)-based universal filter with a single input and five outputs. The proposed configuration uses two DDCCTAs, two grounded capacitors and two grounded resistors. It simultaneously provides voltage-mode lowpass, bandpass, highpass, bandstop and allpass filtering responses, without passive component-matching conditions or restrictions on input signals. The proposed circuit offers high-input impedance and low active and passive sensitivities, and uses only grounded capacitors and resistors.

Voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter with one input and five outputs using two DDCCTAs

This paper presents a new high input impedance voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter constructing with two differential difference current conveyor transconductance amplifiers (DDCCTAs), two grounded capacitors and two resistors. The presented filter can realize all the five standard biquadratic functions simultaneously without requiring any component matching conditions. Moreover, the circuit enjoys (i) the employment of two grounded capacitors, (ii) high input impedance and (iii) orthogonal tunability of the parameters resonance angular frequency (ωo) and quality factor (Q). HSPICE simulation results confirm the theoretical analysis.

Single-input four-output voltage-mode universal filter using single DDCCTA

An electronically tunable universal voltage-mode biquadratic filter with single input and four outputs using one differential difference current conveyor transconductance amplifier (DDCCTA), two resistors and two grounded capacitors is proposed. All the five standard biquadratic filter functions; lowpass (LP), bandpass (BP), highpass (HP), bandstop (BS) and allpass (AP), can be obtained from the circuit configuration. The LP, BP and HP are simultaneously available without component matching condition. By imposing component choice, the BS and AP responses can also be realized from the same circuit configuration. In addition, the proposed circuit provides an electronic control of its natural angular frequency (ω0) and quality factor (Q) by adjusting the bias current of the DDCCTA. The simulation results together with the ideal values are also given to demonstrate the performance of the proposed circuit.

Current Controlled Differential Difference Current Conveyor Transconductance Amplifier and Its Application as Wave Active Filter

This paper proposes current controlled differential difference current conveyor transconductance amplifier (CCDDCCTA), a new active building block for analog signal processing. The functionality of the proposed block is verified via SPICE simulations using 0.25 μm TSMC CMOS technology parameters. The usefulness of the proposed element is demonstrated through an application, namely, wave filter. The CCDDCCTA-based wave equivalents are developed which use grounded capacitors and do not employ any resistors. The flexibility of terminal characteristics is utilized to suggest an alternate wave equivalents realization scheme which results in compact realization of wave filter. The feasibility of CCDDCCTA-based wave active filter is confirmed through simulation of a third-order Butterworth filter. The filter cutoff frequency can be tuned electronically via bias current.

Resistorless realization of electronically tunable voltage-mode SIFO-type universal filter

In this work, an electronically tunable universal voltage-mode biquadratic filter with single input and five outputs is introduced. The proposed filter structure only employs three differential difference current conveyor transconductance amplifiers (DDCCTAs) and two grounded capacitors without needing any external passive resistor. All the five standard biquadratic filter functions; lowpass, bandpass, highpass, bandstop and allpass, can be realized simultaneously without imposing component choice and changing circuit configuration. In addition, the circuit also features the high-input impedance terminal, and provides an orthogonal electronic control of its natural angular frequency (ω0) and quality factor (Q) by adjusting only bias currents of the DDCCTAs for the fixed values of capacitors.

Voltage-mode universal filter with one input and five outputs using DDCCTAs and all-grounded passive components

This paper presents a versatile voltage-mode universal active filter with one input and five output terminals. The proposed circuit is based on using the recently reported active building block, namely differential difference current conveyor transconductance amplifier (DDCCTA). It employs two DDCCTAs as active elements together with two resistors and two capacitors as passive elements, which are all grounded. The circuit simultaneously realizes all the five standard biquadratic filter functions; i.e., lowpass (LP), bandpass (BP), highpass (HP), bandstop (BS) and allpass (AP), without changing circuit topology. The proposed circuit also has the advantage of high-input impedance terminal, and exhibits electronic tunability of its important parameters through the bias current of the DDCCTA as well as low sensitivity performance. PSPICE simulations using 0.5μm MIETEC CMOS process are used to validate the theoretical predictions.

Differential Difference Current Conveyor Transconductance Amplifier: A New Analog Building Block for Signal Processing

A new active building block for analog signal processing, namely, differential difference current conveyor transconductance amplifier (DDCCTA), is presented, and performance is checked through PSPICE simulations which show the usability of the proposed element is up to 201 MHz. The proposed block is implemented using 0.25 μm TSMC CMOS technology. Some of the applications are presented using the proposed DDCCTA, namely, a voltage mode multifunction filter, a current mode universal filter, an oscillator, current and voltage amplifiers, and grounded inductor simulator. The feasibility of DDCCTA and its applications is confirmed via PSPICE simulations.