Different Varieties Of Soybean Research Articles

The Application of Compost Extract and Biopesticide in Three Different Varieties of Soybean (Glycine max L.)

Soybeans are high in protein and vegetable oil. However, soil fertility, among other factors, has resulted in low production. This study aimed to compare the effects of shrimp shells compost extract (EKKU) and Mushroom Substrate Media Compost Extract (EKMTJ) fertilizers in combination with bio-insecticides with active ingredients from Beauveria bassiana on the growth and production of soybean. This was a factorial randomised design study with two factors. The first factor was compost extract, with P1: EKKU and P2: EKMTJ. Furthermore, the second factor is a dosage of bioinsecticides with B. bassiana active ingredients of 1 litre/ha (B1) and 2 litres/ha (B2). The results showed that the application of shrimp shell compost extract (EKKU) combined with 2 litres/ha bioinsecticide gave the best results in plant height and shoot weight. On the other hand, the application of mushroom substrate medium compost extract (EKMTJ) gave the best results for wet and dry weight of plant pods and canopy dry weight.

Evaluation of the Effects of Salinity Stress on Yield Parameters of Soybeans (Glycine max) Cultivated in Obubra Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria

A pot experiment was conducted in the screen house at the Cross River University of Technology, Obubra Campus to evaluate the effect of different salt concentrations on the yield of three different varieties of soybeans (Glycine max). The experiment was laid in complete randomized design (CRD) with twenty replicates for each variety. Yield parameters which include number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight (g) and seed yield were measured, and data collected was subjected to statistical analysis using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were compared using Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT). The results showed that salinity stress led to a significant reduction in number of pods per plant over control. At 30mM Nacl which was the highest level of saline water TGX 1987-10F had a better salt tolerance level as compared to other varieties, which might be as a result of some salt tolerance genes. 100 seed weight (g) reduced significantly under salinity stress as compared with the control, but TGX 1987-10F showed better salt tolerance level as compared with other varieties. Seed yield per plant decreased significantly with increasing salinity levels and a greater reduction was observed in TGX 1448-2E and TGX 1835-10E. It was concluded that Soybean is a sensitive plant to salinity stress, but the extent of this sensitivity varies among varieties. TGX 1987-10F showed a better tolerance level as compared with other varieties. Therefore, it is recommended that TGX 1987-10F can be cultivated in saline areas.

Evaluation of the Nutritional Quality of Different Soybean and Pea Varieties: Their Use in Balanced Diets for Different Pathologies

Among the cultivated plants of great interest at the planetary level, soy and pea can be highlighted. Soy represents a major source of protein and oil, with exceptional and widely accepted qualities in most cultures and religions. It is also a very good substitute for animal protein, having significant amounts of essential amino acids. Peas, although less cultivated than soybeans, contain large amounts of protein and carbohydrates, and they are also a source of food used in many diets due to their high nutritional content. The present study focuses on the nutrient composition analysis of five soybean varieties and four pea varieties grown in Romania for their use in food in the most efficient way. Protein dosage was carried out using Bradford and Kjeldahl methods, and the amino acids were dosed using gas chromatography. It was demonstrated that the analyzed varieties are rich in nutrients with different content depending on their type. Among the soybean hybrid varieties analyzed, the beans from the early Ovidiu F type and the semi-early Anduța F stood out for their increased content of lipids (23.28%) and proteins with increased biological value, and in the case of the pea beans, those from the Evelina F (22.21%) varieties of the Afila and Spectral F autumn types presented the highest content of proteins (21.06%) and essential amino acids (16.87%). All the obtained results offer a theoretical foundation for the advanced and balanced application of different varieties of soybean and pea bean in a balanced diet.

COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF SOYBEAN VARIETIES IN THE FOREST STEPPE OF THE PRIOBYA

In the article, the authors presented the results of comprehensive studies in 2020 - 2022. on the study of different varieties of soybeans when grown up to granules. The experiments were carried out on heavy loamy grey forest soil with a humus content of 4.1% with a slight acid reaction of the medium (pH 6.28). The nitrate nitrogen concentration was 10 mg/100 g, mobile phosphorus 13.5 mg/100 g, and exchangeable potassium 8 mg/100 g. Different varieties of soybeans, according to their ecological and geographical origin, were sown in the third decade of May with a sowing rate of 500 thousand viable seeds per 1 ha, with harvesting in the third decade of September. The authors conducted phenological observations and determined the photosynthetic potential during the experimental work. The authors also determined the leaf areas of different soybean varieties, plant height, yield indicators and crop structure. The researchers noted that the accelerated growth and development rates occurred in the West Siberian types Omskaya 4, SibNIIK-315, Gorinskaya and Krasnoobskaya. Early maturing varieties of Far Eastern selection were distinguished by a long growing season of up to 120 days, with 85 days in Siberian varieties: Omskaya 4, Far Eastern selection Alena, and Kuban selection (Barguzin, Puma, Vita, Lira, Sayana). The authors observed a significant increase in yield to the standard in the Omskaya 4 - 21% variety. On the other hand, types of the Far Eastern and Kuban selection showed grain yield indicators 2–5 times lower than the SibNIIK-315 standard. The high parameters of the crop structure in the Siberian variety Omskaya 4 were determined by the number of beans from one plant and the mass of grains from one plant.

Physiological responses of seven varieties of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to salt stress

In agriculture, salinity is one of the most significant abiotic stresses that plants confront and harms agricultural productivity, physiological, growth and development processes. In the present study, there were 7 different varieties of soybean (Ajmeri, William-82, D.A, PSC-60, Rawal-1, NARC-1 and NARC-2,) were tested under NaCl concentration level (0 mM and 150 mM) to determine their physiological performance under control and experimental conditions. The present investigation aimed to select salt tolerant varieties. Under salt stress, different varieties have differed significantly in the biological yield, chlorophyll contents, antioxidant activity and ionic concentrations. The results showed that among the seven varieties evaluated NARC-1 and NARC-2 are producing higher biological yield and antioxidant activity than others under 150 mM NaCl. NARC-1 and NARC-2 under 150 mM NaCl concentration produced significantly higher biomass in comparison with other varieties and similarly enhance the antioxidant activity by decreasing the catalase activity. The relative water content (RWC) of plants was measured 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after the treatment was applied, as well as at harvest time, along with the grain yield and characters related to yield. The 7 different soybean varieties tested showed significant differences in grain yield and yield-associated characters when exposed to NaCl salinity. The salinity had a greater impact on Ajmeri and William than on NARC-1 and NARC-2. Under salt stress, the grain yield of the NaRC-1 and NARC-2 varieties was 70% and 65% respectively, while the yields of the Ajmeri and William varieties were 41% and 38% respectively. The salinity-induced decrease in grain yield was traced to fewer pods per plant, fewer seeds per pod and a lighter weight per 100 grains. However, the number of pods per plant was most affected compared to the other characters. It was also observed that Na+ ion concentrations were elevated in the shoot under salt stress in all varieties. However, NARC-1 and NARC-2 showed low salt concentration in shoot as compared to other varieties. SDS-PAGE revealed significant variations in the protein profile of seedling soybean varieties. NARC-1 and NARC-2 have shown a unique banding pattern under salt stress with a molecular weight of 60 and 130 kDa. The results indicate that salinity (NaCl) triggered an antioxidant response in tolerant varieties (NARC-1 and NARC-2) of Glycine max (L.). This study suggested that both varieties have more capability and appropriate survival under salt stress as compared to other varieties.

The Effect of Cultivation Conditions on the Nitrogen Fixation and Seed Yield of Three Ukrainian Varieties of Soybean

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the search for new technological methods of growing soybeans. Therefore, the specifics of the formation of productivity of different varieties of soybeans were investigated depending on a number of factors, such as: dates, methods of sowing and the rate of sowing. The purpose of the research was theoretical substantiation and practical advises of sowing dates and methods, sowing rates of different varieties of soybeans. Indicators of the influence of light intensity, fertilizer application, changes in seed sowing rates and different variants of soybean sowing distance on biological nitrogen fixation of soybeans were analyzed. As a result, regularities were established and a scientific substantiation of provisions was carried out, recommendations for production and scientifically based methods of soybean cultivation technology were developed, which ensure an increase in crop productivity by 15-25%. The developed practical recommendations for increasing soybean production are used in the farms of the region and beyond to solve an important problem − increasing the production of fodder and food protein and vegetable oil. Changing the sowing rate from 0.5 to 0.8 M seeds/ha for row sowing contributed to an increase in the attachment height of the lower beans, which, in turn, contributes to a reduction in crop losses during crop harvesting. Sowing rate had a greater influence on soybean yield than the sowing method. The best conditions were obtained when sowing 0.7 M seeds/ha of similar seeds. During the research, the Romantyka variety showed the highest yield of 3.07 t/ha under the row method of sowing, the sowing rate of 0.8 M seeds/ha and the second sowing period

Characteristics of Tempeh Prepared from Several Varieties of Indonesian Soybeans: Correlations between Soybean Size and Tempeh Quality Properties

Tempeh is a fermented soybean-based food that has long been an important protein source in Indonesia. In this study, tempeh was made from several varieties of soybeans to evaluate the differences in the characteristics of the tempeh produced. The soybean varieties used consisted of Anjasmoro, Grobogan, Dena, Dega and Biosoy, as well as imported soybeans. Characterization was carried out on both the soybeans and tempeh, including proximate composition, fatty acids, amino acids and textural properties. Pierce correlations were evaluated between seed sizes and quality parameters of soybean seed and tempeh. Dega and Biosoy had seed size closed to those of imported soybeans, which were favored by tempe producers. Different varieties of soybeans produced different characteristics of tempeh. Local soybean had superior quality of proximate composition, both in seed and tempeh. Sizes of soybean seeds had strong correlations with their dimension (length, height, thickness) (0.61, 0.59 and 0.58, respectively), but had weak correlations with proximate compositions, both for the soybean seed and their tempeh produced. Negative strong correlations were found in size of soybean seed and tempeh texture, showing a stronger and more compact texture of tempeh made from smaller seeds of soybean (-0.73). This study showed that soybean size had low correlations with the superior proximate characteristics of local soybean, providing useful information in expanding the choice of local soybean varieties as raw material for tempeh.

Efficiency of agrotechnical methods of cultivation of soybean for grain in different ecological zones of Western Siberia

The results of three-year studies (2019-2021) on the study of the effeciencyof growing different varieties of soybean for grain in the ecological zones of Western Siberia (forest-steppe, steppe) are presented. The experiments were carried out on leached chernozem of the Novosibirsk region, gray forest soil of the Novosibirsk region and the Tomsk region and Kulunda steppe of the Novosibirsk region. It has been established that in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia, in the production of soybean grain it is efficient to use varieties Omskaya 4, SibSFI 315, Gorinskaya, Krasnoobskaya, Avanta and Bara, providing a yield level of 2-3.5 t/ha. on leached chernozem and gray forest soil. Photosynthetic parameters (leaf area and Photosynthetic Potential (PSP)) were observed when sowing different varieties of soybeans of the Siberian selection SibSFI 315, Krasnoobskaya, Gorinskaya and Omskaya 4, especially when sowing in the third decade of May and with a seeding rate of 500 thousand pieces of viable seeds per hectare. It was found that the yield of soybean varieties is higher when sown in the third decade of May. It is statistically determined that the yield of soybean grain depended on the technology element by 36%, genotype - 23% and weather conditions - 21%. The efficiency of irrigation is shown at a level of moisture supply of 70-80% of the highest moisture capacity (HMC) in the arid steppe Kulunda zone of Western Siberia: an increase in yield is of 160-190%, the efficiency of fertilizer application against the background of irrigation increases by 45%.

АНАЛИЗ ЖИЗНЕСПОСОБНОСТИ ЗЕРНА У СОРТОВ СОИ РАЗНЫМИ МЕТОДАМИ

Crop production serves as the basis for food production and animal husbandry. Qualitative and operational analysis-control of viability and germination of seeds of agricultural crops is an urgent problem of crop production. Various chemical and physical control methods and technical means are used to solve this problem. The purpose of the work is to analyze methods for monitoring the viability and germination of grain in different varieties of soybeans. Viability and germination were evaluated in 5 soybean varieties: Samer 3, Samer1, Yuzhanka, VNIIOZ and the promising D-150 line. Determination of viability by the tetrazole method showed that in the Yuzhanka and VNIIOZ varieties, the embryo is 96% alive. Also, these varieties have high results in laboratory germination of 94-95% and in the swelling method of 81-85%. The lowest results in the viability of the embryo and germination of seeds in the Samer1 variety and is 92%.

Efficiency of soybean photosynthesis as affected by the components of cultivation technology

Purpose. Determine the efficiency of photosynthesis of soybean varieties ‘Ustia’, ‘Kordoba’, ‘Estafeta’ as affected by the use of microfertilizers and growth regulators.
 Methods. Field, laboratory.
 Results. The article presents the results of research to study the effectiveness of photosynthesis in the cultivation of different varieties of soybean. It was found that the treatment of plants with microfertilizer Yara Vita Mono Molitrak in the budding phase (0.25 l/ha) + in the flowering phase (0.25 l/ha) in combination with the growth regulator Radostym ensured a leaf area (1000 m2/ha) increase of 7.2 m2/ha in variety ‘Ustia’, 7.6 in ‘Kordoba’ and 5.2 in ‘Estafeta’, compared to control. At the same time, the efficiency of using the growth regulator Biosil against the background of double treatment with the microfertilizer was at the level of the treatments with single treatments with Yara Vita Mono Molitrak in the budding phase (0.25 l/ha) in combination with appropriate growth regulators.
 Conclusions. It was investigated that the leaf surface area of ‘Ustia’ variety with foliar fertilization using Yara Vita Mono Molitrak microfertilizer in the budding phase (0.25 l/ha) in combination with growth regulators Biosil and Radostym was 38.8 and 39.2 thousand m2/ha. The use of microfertilizers twice in combination with the above-mentioned growth regulators contributed to the increase of leaf area to the level of 38.9 and 39.5 thousand m2/ha, respectively. Similarly, in ‘Kordoba’ soybean variety, the best option was the use of Yara Vita Mono Molitrak in the budding phase (0.25 l/ha) + in the flowering phase (0.25 l/ha) in combination with the growth regulator Radostym, which helped to increase the leaf area to 39.5 thousand m2/ha. Foliar fertilization with microfertilizers combined with the use of growth regulators provides the formation of maximum NPP. Thus, in ‘Ustia’ variety, it was 1.47 and 1.45 g/m2, in ‘Estafeta’ 1.82 and 1.82 g/m2 of dry matter per day.

Influence of sowing time on the yield of different varieties of soybeans

Experimental studies were carried out on the experimental fields of the North Caucasus Research Institute of Mining and Piedmont Agriculture of the Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Trial establishment, phenological observations, and statistical processing of the obtained results were carried out using generally accepted methods. It was found that the highest seed yields for the studied varieties (Vilana, Slavia, Chara) were obtained in the third sowing period. So, for the Vilana variety (on average for 2018-2020, background - without fertilizers), the yield in the first period (10°C) was 1.87 t/ha, in the second (12°C) - 1.91 t/ha, in the third (14°C) - 2.06 t/ha, and in the fourth (16°C) - 1.97 t/ha. Indicators for the Slavia and Chara varieties were slightly lower. When mineral fertilizers were applied at the rate of P120K60, the yield of the studied varieties increased in comparison with the background P60K30. So, for the Vilana variety (average value over 3 years), the yield was higher in the first sowing period by 0.22 t/ha, in the second - by 0.31 t/ha, in the third - by 0.57 t/ha, and in the fourth - by 0.34 t/ha. From the given data it can be seen that the highest yield was noted in the third sowing period. A similar pattern was also observed for the Slavia and Chara varieties. So, for the Slavia variety, the yield in the third sowing period was 2.74 t/ha, in the fourth - 2.64 t/ha, in the second - 2.56 t/ha, in the first - 2.35 t/ha, and for the Chara variety, respectively: 2.60; 2.48; 2.45, and 2.31 t/ha.

Chemical composition and nutritional value of some varieties of soybean cultivated in Mongolia

Soybean has a lot of benefits for human nutrition, well-being and soil nutrition. Soybean seed contain higher concentration of protein and fat. The objective of this work was to evaluate the nutritional composition and mineral contents in soybean seeds of four different varieties of soybean for their future application as food products. The soybeans were cultivated in Mongolia. The moisture, protein, crude fat, reducing carbohydrate’s concentrations were determined by Kjeldahl, Soxhlet and Bertrand’s method in dried soybean seeds, and the calory of 100 g seed was calculated. The mineral concentration in the ash was determined by ICP-OES method. Among them, the Severnaya-4 variety contained the highest amount of protein, 31.5%, the Sibiryachka variety had the highest concentration of crude fat, 20.35%, and reducing sugar, 1.24%. Moreover, the Severnaya-4 and Sibiryachka soybean seeds had the highest mineral concentration. The lower concentration of protein of these four soybean varieties was probably due to the lower temperature during the seed-filling period in Mongolia. Sibiryachka and OAC vision had the highest amount of energy in 100 g raw seed than other two varieties. The Severnaya-4 and Sibiryachka soybean seeds could be better sources for protein, fat and minerals than the Nei dou-4 and OAC vision varieties.

Influence of plant exometabolites of different soybean varieties on aggressiveness and intensity of sporulation of Fusarium graminearum Schwabe

The article presents the results of studies of the influence of exometabolites in plants of different soybean varieties and technologies of their cultivation on the aggressiveness and intensity of sporulation of fungi isolates Fusarium graminearum Schwabe. The object of the study were plant exometabolites of soybean varieties: Suzirya of selection of National Research Center of the Institute of Agriculture of NAAS of Ukraine and Kent of selection of Saatbau Linz in Austria. Since organic production denies the use of mineral fertilizers and chemical plant protection products, an alternative to them is the use of technologies with biological products of different action. Therefore, of these varieties of soybean plants were grown according to the technologies developed in the companies: Filazonit Ukraine LLC, Modern Agricultural Technologies LLC, A-Rice LLC, as well as in the company BTU-Center, PE. Found that exometabolites of studied soybean varieties, grown on listed technologies, lead to increased aggressiveness of isolates of the fungus F. graminearum. Thus, against the background of exometabolites of soybean plants of the Suzirya variety, the index of seedling damage ranged from 21.3% to 29.8%, and against the background of exometabolites of soybean plants of the Kent variety — from 21.14% to 25.46%. This indicates their medium aggressiveness and stabilizing selection in the fungus population. It is established that the exometabolites of the studied soybean cultivars grown by the listed technologies lead to a decrease in the intensity of sporulation of fungus isolates F. graminearum compared to control. Thus, against the background of exometabolites of soybean plants of the Suzirya variety, the index of seedling damage ranged from 5,7·106 cells/ml to 12,11·106 cells/ml, and against the background of exometabolites of soybean plants of the Kent variety — from 4,25·106 cells/ml to 10,2·106 cells/ml. This indicates their average aggressiveness and stabilizing selection in the population of the fungus on this basis. Thus, the obtained results of studies point to a significant influence of metabolic products of plants of different varieties of soybean and their cultivation technology on physiological and biochemical properties of pathogenic fungi F. graminearum.

ОЦЕНКА СОРТОВ НА УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ АГРОЦЕНОЗОВ СОИ К ХЛОПКОВОЙ СОВКЕ В УСЛОВИЯХ САМАРСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Samer-2 is an undoubted leader in terms of attractiveness as a feed plant both in particular years and on average during the study years. A lower pest population, even in a year with a high number of pests, was shown by Cordoba variety. The rest of the studied varieties can be attributed to medium level of feed preference for cotton budworm. The observed pattern can presumably be explained by the difference in chemical composition of different varieties of soybean, which should be confirmed by further research, as well as by density of soybean plants. The best varieties in terms of protein content in our studies were Prudence, Alaska and Protina; the latter variety does not consistently accumulate this protein, which depends on weather conditions and other factors. The lowest grain moisture was shown by Alaska soybean variety, the agrocenosis of which had a low plant density. And conversely, the wettest grain had Samer-2 variety with a high number of plants per 1 m2. On average, over three years of observation, the best and consistently high yield was shown by Cordoba variety, due to, for one of the reasons, high resistance to damage by the cotton budworm. An opposite situation was observed for Protina and Samer-2 variants, a significant number of caterpillars of the studied phytophage led to a substantial yield decrease of these varieties, especially in the year favorable for development of this pest. Prudence and Alaska variants can be classified as medium-suppressed varieties with medium yields. To obtain a stable phytosanitary situation and obtain high-quality soybean crop, it is more expedient to cultivate Cordoba (high-yield) and Prudence (high-protein) varieties, with application of Biosleep BV, Zh insecticide (4 l / ha) for effective protection against cotton budworm.

Technology for the Production of Sorghum for Grain in the Vertisols of Campeche, Mexico

This research was conducted in the state of Campeche, Mexico, between 2017 and 2018. On the one hand, the sorghum yield was explored in plots with Vertisol-type soils, which were supplied with rainwater. This had the purpose of knowing the results obtained by the producers in the area. On the other hand, an experiment was established with three factors: the genetic material of sorghum, planting density and fertilization. Finally, different varieties of soybeans and sorghum hybrids were also tested in large plots, to identify those that are best adapted to crop rotation. In the farmers’ plots, the grain yield was between 4377 and 5543 kg∙ha−1. The planting density was from 142,667 to 197,334 plants per hectare, which indicated that, for each unit that increased the planting density, the yield increased by 37.5 grams. The experiment with three factors indicated that the best planting density was 300 thousand plants per hectare, with a grain yield of 5176 kg∙ha−1; and the best hybrids were DKS-32 and SYN5515, with grain yields of 5794 and 3791 kg∙ha−1, respectively; likewise, the best dose of fertilizer was between 150 and 200 kg∙ha−1 of diammonium phosphate, with a grain yield of 4527 - 4562 kg∙ha−1. In relation to crop rotation, the varieties that stood out for their yield were Huasteca 300 and Vernal, in the case of soybeans; and the hybrids DKS-32 and SYN5515, in sorghum. Soybeans suffered greatly in their early stages of development from the excessive moisture retained by the soil, while sorghum seemed to be little affected by the lack of rain; for this reason, advancing the sowing date in soybeans and consequently in sorghum, is a strategy that could benefit grain yield in both species.

Efficiency of growing various soybeans varieties, depending on the effect of micronutrient fertilizers and growth regulators

Purpose. To determine the efficiency of growing soybean varieties ‘Ustia’, ‘Cordoba’, ‘Estafeta’ depending on the influence of microfertilizers and growth regulators.Methods. Field, laboratory.Results. The article presents the results of studying the efficiency of growing different varieties of soybeans. It was found that in the cultivar ‘Ustia’ the best values of assimilation of photosynthetically active radiation were obtained for the applications of Yara Vita Mono Molitrak in the budding phase (0.25 l/ha) with growth regulator Radostym, and Yara Vita Mono Molitrak in the budding phase (0.25 l/ha) + in the flowering phase (0.25 l/ha) with two studied growth regulators. Similar patterns of the utilization rate of photosynthetic radiation were obtained for the ‘Cordoba’ and ‘Estafeta’ varieties. According to the indicators of the energy balance, the complex use of micronutrient fertilizers and growth regulators in any case pays off with an increase in the yield, which means it is energetically expedient. The maximum coefficients of energy efficiency in the ‘Ustia’, ‘Cordoba’ and ‘Estafeta’ varieties were obtained with the introduction of micronutrient fertilizers Yara Vita Mono Molitrak in the budding phase (0.25 l/ha) + in the flowering phase (0.25 l/ha) and growth regulators Biosyl and Radostym. However, the use of growth regulators separately does not always provide an economic return on investment. In particular, in the variant without Yara Vita Mono Molitrak microfertilizer, the ‘Cordoba’ variety received 28 873 UAH/ha of net profit, while the introduction of growth regulators did not pay off, since there was no significant increase in the yield, and with the use of growth regulators Biosyl and Radostym net profit was within 28824–29179 UAH/ha. In general, the use of micronutrient fertilizer Yara Vita Mono Molitrak with growth regulators Radostim and Biosyl ensu­red guaranteed yield increase.Conclusions. When gro­wing ‘Ustia’, ‘Cordoba’ and ‘Estafeta’ varieties from an energy point of view, it is better to use Yara Vita Mono Molitrak microfertilizer in the budding phase (0.25 l/ha) with the growth regulator Radostym. Under these conditions, the obtained energy efficiency ratio was 3.24; 3.41 and 3.45, and the profit was 31503, 34072 and 34649 UAH/ha, respectively

Impact of processing technologies on isoflavones, phenolic acids, and antioxidant capacities of soymilk prepared from 15 soybean varieties

In the present study, soymilk samples were prepared from 15 soybean varieties by employing dry method-raw slurry filtration (D-BAF), dry method-cooked slurry filtration (D-BBF), wet method-raw slurry filtration (W-BAF), and wet method-cooked slurry filtration (W-BBF). Different varieties of soybean and processing techniques were found to impose a significant impact on total phenolics, total flavonoids, phenolic acids, isoflavones and antioxidant capacity of soymilk samples. Overall, the soymilk prepared by W-BAF exhibited a higher level of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The soymilk samples prepared by W-BBF presented higher values for total flavonoid content and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay. The soymilk prepared by W-BBF presented higher subtotal values of phenolic acids. In comparison, the soymilk prepared by D-BAF exhibited high amount of total isoflavones followed by the soymilk processed by W-BAF. Overall, the wet method was found to be responsible for improved phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of soymilk sample.

INFLUENCE OF NODULOUS AND ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA SEEDS INOCULATION UPON THE SOYA VARIETIES YIELD UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITIONS OF SOUTHERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE

Relevance of research.To increase the effectiveness of symbiotic fixation in recent years, the complex inoculation of legume seeds with nodulousbacteria along with endophytic bacteria is used.However, the issue of the inoculant use effectivenessbased on rhizobia and endophytic bacteria is still not well studied enough.So, an assessment of their effectiveness is extremely important for the further development of existing scientific knowledge about the microbial and plant symbiosis of leguminous crops. Along with the above, the involvement of nitrogen from the air into the nutrients circulation by legumes provides the ecological improvement of the environment.
 The purpose of scientificresearches is to specify the effectiveness of the effect of complex inoculation of seeds by the strains of nodulous and endophytic bacteria on the yield of different varieties of soybean under the irrigatedconditions of the southern Steppe zone of Ukraine.
 Materials and methods of research.Two-factor field experiment is based on the split plot method in a four-time repetition, where the main plots (first-order plots), factor A – varieties of soya: ultra-fast-growing –Diona and mid-growing –Aratta, subplots(second-order plots), factor B –inoculation of seeds with different strains of nodulous and endophytic bacteria: Control 1 (without seed water treatment); Control 2 (seed water treatment); RyzobinK(association of three strains of Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum: B.japonicum of УКМВ-6018, УКМВ-6023, УКМВ-6035); RyzobinK+ Ranibacillus sp.1; RyzobinK + Bacillus sp.4; RyzobinK + Brevibacillus sp.5; RyzobinK + Pseudomonas sp.6; RisobinK + Bacillus megateriumУКМВ-5724.Soybean sowing was carried out in the third decade of April with a seeder «Клен» with a rows width of 45 cm to a depth of 6 cm. The seed rate of Diona varietyis 800000 and Aratta– 600000 similar seeds per 1 hectare.
 The influence of weather and climatic conditions on the soybean crop formation was specified by determining the potential evaporation, moisture deficit and humidity coefficient. The evaporation and lack of moisture supply during the interphase periods of studied soybean varieties significantly changed and depended on the average daily temperature and relative air humidity and the amount of precipitation fallen during the growing season.
 Results of the research and their discussion.The application of strains of nodulous and endophytic bacteria during inoculation of seed material significantly influenced the yield of different soybean varieties. On average, in 2017-2018, the highest yield of soybean seeds was obtained from pre-sowing inoculation with nodulous bacteria, which is the basis of RisobinK, in combination with endophytic bacteria.In particular, the maximum yield of Dionavariety was formed during pre-sowing inoculation of seeds RisobinK + Bacillus sp.4 – 3,12 t/ha, Aratta variety – 2,55 t/ha. The high yield of soybean Diona variety – 2,85 t/ha and Aratta variety – 2.40 t/ha were also obtained for inoculation of seeds by the bacterial complex RisobinK + Brevibacillus sp.5. The lowest yield of both sorts of soy was obtained in the version Control 1 (without seed treatment with water) – 2,27 t/ha Diona variety and 2,13 t/ha –Aratta variety.
 Conclusions.Thus, the seeds crop formation of different varieties of Diona and Aratta soybeans under the conditions of regional dry (95%) climate change in 2017-2018, significantly depended on the hydrothermal conditions of the vegetation period and the symbiosis of nodulous and endophytic bacteria on the irrigated land of the southern subzone Steppe of Ukraine.Pre-sowing inoculation of soybean seeds varieties with the nodulous and endophytic bacteria, in comparison with the control variants, significantly influenced the formation of soya varieties crop, and increased the yield of Dionavariety by 0,58-0,85 t/ha and the Aratta variety – 0,27-0,42 t/ha.

Evaluation of soybean meal from different sources as an ingredient in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Solvent extracted soybean meal (SBM) is generated using different varieties of soybeans grown under a range of conditions and then processed at different crushing plants. Due to its competitive cost and availability, it is a popular plant-based protein source for shrimp feed formulations. However, there is limited information about effects of variations in the nutritional composition of soybean meal have on performances of shrimp. Hence, the present study was designed to determine the effects of different soybean sources on the growth performances of Litopenaeus vannamei. Two growth trials were conducted with iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic (350 g/kg protein and 80 g/kg lipid) test diets formulated with 25 sources of soybean meal. Trial one incorporated 14 treatments including a soy-based diet containing 517 g/kg SBM (eight replicates) and this soy source was then replaced with 13 different soybean sources (four replicates per treatment). The second trial used the same basal diet and 11 different sources of soybean meal (Total 12 diets) with five replicates per treatment. Both growth trials were conducted with a stocking density of 10 shrimps/aquarium in a semi-closed recirculating system and the initial weight of shrimps for trials 1 and 2 were 0.23 g ± 0.02 and 0.67 g ± 0.02 respectively. During the two trials, shrimp were fed four times/day assuming a FCR of 1.8, over 42 days for trial 1 and 35 days for trial 2. Results indicated that there are differences among sources of soybean meal for standardized percentage TGC. Diet 21 that contained SBM4550 had the largest value for TGC whereas the lowest value for TGC was observed for shrimp fed diet 17 that contained SBM45536. According to the statistical analysis that was used to interpret the growth performance data from the complete chemical profile of the SBM, phosphorous, phytate-phosphorous and total phytic acid levels had positive correlations (p < 0.005) with TGC whereas raffinose (p = 0.086) had a negative correlation with TGC. Results of this work indicates phosphorous, phosphorous in phytic acid and total phytic acid and raffinose are important components in SBM that may have significant effects on the growth performances of pacific white shrimp.

Soybean (&lt;i&gt;Glycine Max&lt;/i&gt;): Alternative Sources of Human Nutrition and Bioenergy for the 21&lt;SUP&gt;st&lt;/SUP&gt; Century

Finding the nutritional value in soybeans is essential for keeping commodities at a low price while remaining conscious about people's health. This experiment brings into question whether it would be beneficial to consume soybeans more often and focus on the nutritional aspects of them, as well as the bioenergy benefits it provides. Therefore, the amounts of nutritional elements such as lipids, fatty acids, polyphenols, antioxidants, and soluble fibers tested within different varieties of soybeans. The highest phenolic content was in AS GROW 4754, followed by AS GROW 4632. The antioxidant capacity ranged from 2.35 3.44 µg/g of TEAC per 100g dry sample. The antioxidant activity follows as: AS GROW 4632> AS GROW 4754> AS GROW 4835. AS GROW 14632. AS GROWAG 4934. The Protein content ranges from 34.1 to 44.9 (%). The highest total protein was in AS GROW AG 4934, followed by AS GROW 4632, AS GROW 4754, AS GROW 4835 and AS GROW 14632. The lipid content ranges from 20.8 to 30.8 (%). The highest was in AG GROW 4835, and the lowest was in AS GROW 4632. Eight different fatty acids were found in the soybean. The Linoleic acid was found the predominant fatty acid 54%0 followed by Oleic acid (21%) and Palmitic acid (11%). The Behenic and Eicosenic acids found as trace amounts in soybean. Therefore, consumption of soybeans is beneficial but should also be incorporated within an overall healthy lifestyle. The difference in biomass and cell-wall components of five Arkansas grown soybean varieties examined to find out accessions that exhibited quality traits suitable for a potential bioenergy/biofuel crop. The Hemi-cellulose (HCE), cellulose (CE) and ASH contents ranged 14–30 %, 8-18 % and 1-3 % of the DM, respectively. The results showed that the NDF% ranged from 28 to 47, and ADF% ranged from 22-32. The extensive range of distinction in biomass and cell wall components point out that soybean has great potential for use as bioenergy/biofuel crops. The hypothesis was correct according to the results of the experiment, where several varieties showed high contents within all sources of nutritional value. The high amounts of cell-wall components between its species and in comparison to other bioenergy crops as well. The extensive range of distinction in biomass and cell wall components point out that soybean has great potential for use for multiple uses such as human food and nutrition, oil, energy, and biofuel potentials.