Different Varieties Of Potatoes Research Articles

Influence of salinity on axillary bud cultures of six lowland tropical varieties of potato (Solanum tuberosum)

Axillary bud cultures of six low-land tropical varieties of potato Solanum tuberosum (L. T. 2, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9) were studied for their response to salinity stress using crude sea salt. Concentrations of 0.8% and above severely inhibited the growth, while decreased growth was observed between 0.4% and 0.6% salt in all the varieties, with occasional shoot tip necrosis and compound leaf formation. A lower concentration of salt (0.2%) was beneficial and increased shoot weight in most varieties. Protein content showed a positive correlation with proline levels, indicating that proline accumulation was due to new synthesis rather than breakdown of existing proteins. Soluble carbohydrates increased in the stem with increasing salt. Roots showed an increase in sodium content while shoots showed increased potassium levels, with increasing salt concentrations. There was a positive correlation between dry weight yields and K/Na ratio. It is apparent that the synthesis of proline, accumulation of soluble carbohydrates as well as increase in potassium and sodium content were all used to adjust the physiology in response to salt stress by the different varieties of potato, with varying degrees, in the present study.

A study of soluble proteins from four potato varieties used in the Swedish starch industry

The purpose of this study was to characterize proteins from four different varieties of potato used in the Swedish starch industry. Proteins in potato fruit juices prepared from Prevalent, Senator, Saturna and Producent potatoes were analysed by gel filtration chromatography on a Sephacryl S-200 column, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) in sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) and isoelectric focusing (IEF). The major concentrations of proteins appeared at molecular weights of approximately 44 000, 20 000 and 14 000 without exception for the potato varieties characterized. A more complex pattern of proteins was revealed by isoelectric focusing than by SDS-PAGE. The pattern of proteins from isoelectric focusing revealed both acidic and basic proteins, some of them unique for a given potato variety.

An investigation into the damage sustained by different varieties of potatoes during riddling to remove soil

Previously reported riddling experiments were carried out with one potato variety only. This paper describes a further series of riddling experiments carried out according to the previously reported procedure on potato ridge samples containing tubers of 6 maincrop varieties. The standard SIAE potato damage analysis technique was adapted to enable both surface damage and internal bruises to be assessed from the same small sample of tubers, and these were expressed as a single figure indicating the amount of crop lost. The results showed that, compared with abuse level, potato variety has only a small influence on damage during riddling. Hence a greater reduction in potato damage could be achieved by redesign of a harvester riddling system to provide a horizontal instead of a vertical shaking motion, than by growing damage resistant varieties.

Lipids of potato tubers. I. Lipid and fatty acid composition of tubers from different varieties of potato.

AbstractTubers from 23 varieties of potato were obtained at harvest and analysed for total lipid content, lipid composition and distribution of component fatty acids. The total lipid content was similar for all varieties (approx. 0.1% of the fresh weight) and no significant differences were observed between varieties in the individual lipid components. The polyunsaturated fatty acids, i.e. linoleic and linolenic acids, represented 51 to 60 and 13 to 24%, respectively, of the total fatty acids. An inverse relationship between linoleic acid and linolenic acid was observed resulting in a very similar proportion of the combined polyunsaturated fatty acids for all varieties (70 to 76% of total fatty acids). The results are discussed in relation to the role of lipids in the potato tuber.

Determination of a blanching treatment for potatoes for freezing

SummaryA procedure is described for calculating safe blanching schedules for potatoes intended for freezing. The calculation is based on integrating heat penetration data for potato tissue and heat resistance data for potato peroxidase. This procedure was applied to a number of different varieties of potatoes and gave a satisfactory product for baking or boiling.

Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pesticides in Some Vegetable Products

One hundred and fifty samples of potatoes, tomatoes, ketchup, apples, carrots and canned beets, onions, carrots and potatoes were analyzed by electron capture gas chromatography for lindane, heptachlor, aldrin, dieldrin, DDD and DDT. Results of interest are discussed. In another experiment eight different varieties of potatoes were grown in soil in which the use of DDT had been discontinued since 1968. The analysis showed that on the average there was a decrease of 94% of DDT from these potato samples within a period of two years (1969-71).

Present Status of National Research Project on Food Irradiation

The national research project on food irradiation was started in 1967, and is now making good progress in accordance with the programme laid out for its activities. Sprout inhibition of potatoes and onions was the subject first selected for excution, and considerable study has been undertaken on the effects of irradiation and health hazards. A description is presented of the results obtained with investigations on potato, which is considered to be the most promising subject of such treatment.(1) Large scale irradiation tests on three different varieties of potato indicated that potato sprout could be inhibited for 8 months when irradiated within 3 months of harvest to doses of 7-15 krad.(2) Extensive investigations have been carried to determine the health hazards that would be occasioned by the irradiated potatoes. While the final conclusion is not yet to be reached, the results obtained so far do not indicate the existence of any problems related to health hazards associated with the irradiated potatoes.

食品照射に関する特定総合研究の現況

The national research project on food irradiation was started in 1967, and is now making good progress in accordance with the programme laid out for its activities. Sprout inhibition of potatoes and onions was the subject first selected for excution, and considerable study has been undertaken on the effects of irradiation and health hazards. A description is presented of the results obtained with investigations on potato, which is considered to be the most promising subject of such treatment.(1) Large scale irradiation tests on three different varieties of potato indicated that potato sprout could be inhibited for 8 months when irradiated within 3 months of harvest to doses of 7-15 krad.(2) Extensive investigations have been carried to determine the health hazards that would be occasioned by the irradiated potatoes. While the final conclusion is not yet to be reached, the results obtained so far do not indicate the existence of any problems related to health hazards associated with the irradiated potatoes.

A review of cellular structure, starch, and texture qualities of processed potatoes

Certain combined characteristics of cellular structure and starch properties provide distinctions between varieties of potatoes and bear strong relation to their culinary qualities. Larger tissue cells and larger average starch granules are associated with mealiness. Smaller cells and starch granules characterize the less mealy and “waxy” varieties. Similarly, the same general relationships hold for the varietal characteristics of high vs. low solids and high vs. low starch contents. Within a variety, proportionately larger numbers of large starch granules are associated with tubers of high specific gravity, and more smaller granules, with low specific gravity. There also is a distinct reduction in percent of small granules during storage of tubers. Differences in starch granule size are accompanied by differences in amylose and amylopectin. Small granules contain less amylose and gel at higher temperatures than do the larger starch granules. Amylose content likewise appears to be a varietal characteristic. These variations in amylose content reflect fundamental differences in the properties of the starch gels formed when different varieties of potatoes are cooked. Likewise, there are similar distinctions between the starches within different tissue zones of individual tubers. Cell size also varies characteristically within different tuber regions. Starch gel properties may be manipulated during processing by such treatments as precooking-heating, chilling, freezing, and thawing. These treatments provide some measure of control of textural quality in the finished product. Additives such as stearates or glycerides complex readily with amylose and also influence gel properties and texture in processed potato products. Sucrose accumulated during tuber storage also may increase gel strength and influence texture. Varietal differences in cell structure and in starch granule size and composition offer opportunities for genetic exploitation. The merits of special processing for texture control vs. development of varieties for specific processed product qualities are briefly discussed.

Effect of gibberellic acid on sprouting, growth of internodes, tuber shape and yield in different varieties of potatoes

Sprouting was hastened by one week by treatment for 5 min, with gibberellic acid (GA) at a concentration of 25 p.p.m. in newly dug potatoes ofUp-to-Date andVoran. A similar effect was noted inRoyal Kidney treated at a concentration of 50 p.p.m. Although some sprouting occurred within 7 days in treated tubers, 100% sprouting had not occurred until 21–36 days after treatment.

Colchicine treatment of different varieties of potatoes in West Bengal

Colchicine treatment of sprouted tubers before planting increased yield in 17 out of the 20 varieties reported. In some varieties this effect was maintained in the two succeeding years in which the tubers from the various treatments were grown, although no further treatment had been given.

Spread of rugose mosaic and leaf roll in different varieties of potatoes in the plains of West Bengal

During the first two years there were no visible symptoms of rugose mosaic and leaf roll viruses. There were progressive increases of these viruses from the third cropping season of the experiment. Wide variation of susceptibility in varieties to leaf roll and rugose mosaic were noted. Some varieties showed some resistance to the viruses.

SOME BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES ON STORAGE IN POTATOES FROM PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND, AND THEIR RELATION TO THE QUALITY OF CHIPS

Different varieties of potatoes were characterized by differences in their content of water, starch, and reducing sugar, and in susceptibility to change in response to the surrounding temperature.A critical concentration of 0.4 per cent reducing sugar was found, above which chips were dark brown, and unacceptable in flavour. Storage at 35° F. caused a rise in the concentration of reducing sugar in all varieties to between 1.5 and 4.0 per cent in 5 to 14 weeks. During storage at 50° F. the reducing sugar usually rose above 0.4 per cent in 9 to 13 weeks.Shrinkage and rot developed markedly in the Sebago, and to a less extent in the Katahdin, when the temperature was raised from 50° or 35° to 70° F., and the chips produced from them were poor in texture and flavour.A fall in the level of reducing sugar below 0.4 per cent occurred in 3 to 9 weeks during conditioning at 70° F. in the Netted Gem, Green Mountain, and Irish Cobbler varieties, and the chips from these were acceptable.The biochemical behaviour of the Netted Gem and Irish Cobbler was most conducive to the production of acceptable chips.

Observations on the formation and growth of tubers on the potato plant.

An account is given of an investigation, to be continued for several years, on the relationship between chitting, number of sprouts on the seed potato and the grading of the harvested potatoes. The influence of the following treatments on tuber growth (one treatment per year) was studied: (1) methods of chitting; (2) size of seed potatoes and (3) storage condition. After the first fortnight's growth, whole, sample plants were lifted weekly to study the position of stolons on the stems, and the location of the largest and smallest tubers on the plant, the size of tuber being judged by its length. At each lifting, the relative positions of the largest, the smallest and of the medium-sized tubers were the same on each plant. These positions were approximately the same in different varieties of potatoes, and the general scheme is shown diagramatically. The treatments (1), (2) and (3) showed no significant effects on formation and growth of tubers provided the sprouts of the seed potatoes were the same length. The phenomenon of secondary-tuber formation is discussed.-D.B. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

The variation in reducing sugar content in different varieties of potatoes

The variation in reducing sugar content in different varieties of potatoes

Split-Plot Half-Plaid Squares for Irrigation Experiments

The rapid developments in the field of experimental design have provided many designs which appear to be extremely complicated. It seems desirable to publish examples of the use of various designs so that other research men will have the benefit of knowing how the design actually worked in practice. It is the purpose of this paper to present an example of the use of a complex design in vegetable crops research. The reasons for the choice of the design and the various steps involved in the analysis and interpretation of the data are given in sufficient detail so that the non-statisticians will be able to utilize such a design. One of the major projects of the Long Island Vegetable Research Farm is the determination of the fertilizer requirements of the various vegetable crops including potatoes. Recommendations have been made for fertilizing potatoes, but the advent of extensive irrigation of potatoes on Long Island raised the question as to how much difference there would be in fertilizer requirements of potatoes under irrigated conditions compared to potatoes grown without irrigation. Many new varieties of potatoes have been recently introduced and preliminary information indicated that some of the newer varieties had fertilizer requirements which differed considerably from the requirements of the standard varieties in use on Long Island. The specific problem for which this experiment must furnish an answer could be stated as follows: What influence does irrigation have on the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potash requirements of different varieties of potatoes grown under Long Island conditions? Thus there were five factors to be investigated, namely irrigation, nitrogen, phosphorus, potash and variety.

Methods of Recording Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) Populations on Potatoes and the Distribution of Species on the Plant

In Eastern Canada, aphids cause serious losses in the potato crop–directly by injuring heavily infested plants and indirectly as vectors of viruses. A field study of factors affecting populations of potato aphids necessitates a method of estimating population that allows comparisons of results from different varieties of potato and from potatoes grown under different conditions. Davies (1934) described one of the first methods of estimating aphid populations in the field; he counted the aphids on lower leaves chosen at random, and expressed the opulation as aphids per 100 leaves. Simpson (1940) reported that the species of aphids on potatoes in Maine differed in their distribution on the plant; to obtain a better estimate of the population, he modified Davies' method and counted the aphids on equal numbers of leaves selected at random from the top, middle, and bottom portions of the plants. Other workers (Joyce, 1938; Hansen, 1941; Whitehead, 1943; Thomas and Jacob, 1943; Staniland, 1943; Jacob, 1944; Doncaster ana Gregory, 1948; Münster, 1948) used various methods of selecting leaves for the sample but continued to express the population as aphids per 100 leaves. Much of the earlier work was in the form of surveys to determine the population of aphids above which the maintenance of healthy seed stock was not a practical proposition.

Investigations on the Emergence of Larvae from Cysts of the Potato-Root Eelworm Heterodera rostochiensis. 3. Larval Emergence in soil under the influence of Potato-Root Diffusate

An experiment was set up to investigate the effect of root diffusates from different varieties of potatoes on natural infestations of cysts in three different soils. A series was included in which no root diffusate at all was used, to obtain an estimate of the degree of spontaneous hatching which occurred. In the absence of diffusate, about 50 per cent, of larvae emerged from the cysts, as compared with 84 per cent, in the case of soils treated with diffusates. Significant differences were detected in the degree of emergence under the action of the different diffusates, that from “Ulster Chieftain” having the greatest effect. Significant differences were also detected between the different soils, larval emergence being lowest in the greensand.

Some effects of leaf-roll virus on the development and growth of the potato plant

A detailed field trial and other experiments were made to explore the effects of leaf roll on the growth of different varieties of potato. The shoots of a tolerant variety, Up to Date, were little changed in size by infection at emergence, but during the early vegetative stage of development the growth rate of the haulm was reduced. The shoots of an intolerant variety, Bismark, were probably smaller in size at emergence, and for a period during the vegetative stage of development the tops of the plants grew at the same reduced rate as those of Up to Date and three other varieties. These other three varieties, which were intermediate in tolerance, were intermediate in growth reaction between Up to Date and Bismark. The tolerant variety, Up to Date, during the first stages of tuberation, reacted to infection without serious changes in length of stolons or time of initiation of tubers. The intolerant variety, Bismark, reacted with a shortening of stolons and a hastening of tuber initiation. The reduction in size of various parts of the plant was greater for intolerant than for tolerant varieties. The numbers of leaves developing on the main axes of both tolerant and intolerant varieties were reduced by infection. The reduction in the proportion of leaf area contributed by axillary shoots to the total leaf area of infected plants, was similar in the tolerant and intolerant variety, in spite of the difference in the size of the plants. In the intolerant variety, Bismark, there was a change in type of axillary growth above ground as well as a change in vigour. The course of development of the foliar parts of the plant during maturity and senescence demonstrated the serious alteration in growth characteristics of the infected plants of the intolerant variety Bismark. There was relatively little alteration in the tolerant variety, Up to Date. Incomplete data suggest that losses in yield due to infection are not due to a reduction in efficiency per unit of leaf area in the production of tubers by infected plants. The reduction can be accounted for on the basis of reduced growth rate, loss in size of haulm. The repercussions of these findings on the problem of breeding for resistance against leaf roll are mentioned.

The growth of actinomycetes on different varieties of potatoes

The growth of actinomycetes on different varieties of potatoes