Different Varieties Of Potatoes Research Articles

Effect of Photoperiod on Dry Matter Accumulation and Partitioning in Potato

To explore the effect of the photoperiod on the accumulation and distribution of dry matter in potato, a pot experiment was carried out in 2021 and 2022 with two varieties (Atlantic and Hezuo 88). The varieties were used as the main plot, and light treatments (short-day and long-day) were used as the subplot. The results showed that extended hours of light delayed tuber formation in Hezuo 88, however, the effect was not obvious for the Atlantic. Comprehensive analyses were carried out using the potato developmental process, dynamic equation fitting of the tuber and whole-plant dry matter accumulation, and the dry matter accumulation and distribution rate of each organ of the two varieties under two photoperiods. The two photoperiods had different effects on the parameters of rapid tuber and whole-plant dry matter accumulation: the starting point of the period of the rapid dry matter accumulation (t1), the duration period of the rapid dry matter accumulation (Δt), and the average growth rate of the period of the rapid dry matter accumulation (Vmean). According to comprehensive analysis, tuber dry matter accumulation in Atlantic was the highest under the short-day condition, while Hezuo 88 showed the lowest tuber dry matter accumulation under the long-day condition and was the latest to enter the rapid tuber dry matter accumulation period. The whole-plant dry matter accumulation in Atlantic was the highest under the long-day condition and lowest in Hezuo 88; meanwhile, Hezuo 88 was the latest to enter the rapid whole-plant dry matter accumulation period. In terms of the dry matter accumulation and dry matter partitioning ratio of various organs, Hezuo 88 had the lowest mean tuber dry matter accumulation and partitioning ratio under the long-day condition but the highest mean stem, leaf, root, underground stem, and stolon dry matter partitioning ratio. On the contrary, Atlantic had the highest mean tuber dry matter accumulation and portioning ratio under the short-day condition but the lowest mean stem, leaf, root, underground stem, and stolon dry matter partitioning ratio. It was concluded that different varieties of potato respond differently to the photoperiod. In the case of Hezuo 88, prolonging the photoperiod affected the dynamics and distribution of dry matter accumulation; increased the stem, leaf, root, and underground stem dry matter partitioning ratio; and decreased the tuber dry matter partitioning ratio, which resulted in a decrease in tuber dry matter accumulation and consequently delayed the emergence of the equilibrium period between the aboveground and underground dry matter.

Design and Test of Discrete Element-Based Separation Roller Potato–Soil Separation Device

To address the problems of low bright rates and high rates of potato injuries, a left and right-hand rotation combination of potato–soil separation devices was developed. Its overall structure and working principle were introduced. A Texture Analyzer and pressure sensor were used to measure the force threshold of different varieties of potatoes. A discrete element model of separation rollers and potatoes was established. The collision characteristics of potatoes were analyzed using the device inclination angle, rotational speed, and the center distance of the separation rollers as test factors. A field trial was carried out to optimize the best combination of factors by taking the rate of injured potatoes, bright potatoes, and skin-breaking rate as the test indexes. The force threshold for skin-breaking injury in potatoes was found to be 190–195 N. When the inclination angle of the device was 6°, the rotation speed of the separation roller was 100 r/min, and the distance between the centers of the separation rollers was 79 mm. The rate of injury was 1.25%, the rate of bright potatoes was 99.01%, and the rate of skin-breaking was 1.58%. When the inclination angle of the device was 8°, the rotational speed of the separating roller was 80 r/min, and the center distance of the separating roller was 79 mm, the rate of injured potato was 1.43%, the rate of bright potato was 98.64%, and the rate of broken skin was 1.77%. This paper offers an optimized reference for the effectual removal of sticky soil.

Effect of different varieties of potato on irrigation scheduling in terms of growth and yields

Effect of different varieties of potato on irrigation scheduling in terms of growth and yields

Effect of different LEDs light spectrum on potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i> L.) <i>in vitro</i> (review)

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a significant and valuable crop for the economy of many countries. It provides people nutrition and national food security. To obtain healthy potato planting material, propagation in vitro culture is carried out. The problem of increasing the propagation efficiency at this stage is very relevant and can be solved by optimizing the lighting parameters, including the spectral composition of the emitter. The review of published works mainly over the last 20 years concerning the study of the effect of LED lighting of different spectral composition and power on regenerated potato plants, grown in vitro, is given in this paper. Morphometric and physiological parameters of potato plants are given, which can be influenced by changing the spectral composition of illumination. Data on lighting recommendations for different varieties of potato are given. This review may be useful for organizations involved in potato micropropagation, as well as for research teams developing technologies for optimal potato cultivation.

Extraction and characterization of starch from low-grade potatoes and formulation of gluten-free cookies containing modified potato starch

Potatoes are among the leading staple crops due to nutritional value and high demand. The undersized and damaged potatoes are considered low grade and mainly dumped as a waste or used in animal feed. The study aimed to extract starch from low grade potatoes, its modification to improve the starch properties and formulation of gluten free cookies using modified starch (MS). The starch was extracted from low-grade potatoes of three varieties known as Asterix, Kruda and Mosaic, using the water steeping method. The native starch (NS) was modified using lintnerization and repetitive autoclaving. MS contains high amylose content which is associated with health benefits. NS and MS were characterized for amylose content, color attributes, granular morphology, water solubility index (WSI), water absorption index (WAI), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) analysis. Gluten-free cookies were formulated by adding potato NS and MS. The cookies were characterized by sensory evaluation, proximate and textural analysis. The starch yield extracted from three different varieties of potatoes i.e. Asterix, Kruda, Mosaic was 11.53%, 11.32% and 11.24%, respectively. The amylose content of potato starch was significantly (p < 0.05) increased for all varieties (33.61–37.74%) after modification of NS, which was in the range of 25.71–26.60% for different potato varieties. The granules of MS were observed as amorphous structures in comparison to NS granules with smooth surfaces. The addition of MS significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the hardness of the cookies in comparison to NS. Overall, no significant difference was observed in the sensory attributes of control, NS and MS containing cookies. Therefore, in comparison to other dietary fibers, MS can be used as a functional ingredient in food products without compromising the texture and sensory attributes.

Identification of miRNAs affecting anthocyanin accumulation in different varieties of potato based on transcriptome analysis

Identification of miRNAs affecting anthocyanin accumulation in different varieties of potato based on transcriptome analysis

Comparative study on growth of different varieties of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Manipur condition

Comparative study on growth of different varieties of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Manipur condition

The influence of freeze drying on the quality indicators of potato tubers

In Russia, there is an active development of the Arctic, the Northern regions, the supply of which with food is difficult. The production and supply of freeze-dried vegetables and potatoes is an important task, given that the need for potatoes in terms of nutritional standards is higher than all other vegetables combined, and cargo deliveries are by weight, reducing the weight of the supplied potatoes by four times, taking into account the increase in shelf life by dozens of times and resistance of the freeze-dried product to frost, this is an extremely important area of research. The purpose of the research is to study the quality indicators before and after freeze-drying of potato tubers of domestic and foreign varieties, including varieties with pigmented pulp and skin. The measurements were carried out in the laboratory of the A.G. Lorch” using standard techniques. According to the results of biochemical analysis, the total content of alcohol-soluble flavonoids in terms of quercetin in tubers was 0.08-1.13 mg/g in wet weight, in freeze-dried samples - 0.22-1.46 mg/g in dry weight. The content of low molecular weight antioxidants in fresh potato pulp varied from 0.12 to 1.92 mg/g wet weight, the total content of phenolic compounds in sublimated samples varied from 0.55 to 4.63 mg/g dry weight in gallic acid equivalents. A significant advantage of this drying is the ability to restore freeze-dried potatoes in 60 minutes. The conducted studies confirm that the content of antioxidants in different varieties of potatoes is different and remains after freeze-drying, which makes it possible to select potato varieties for creating healthy food products. Freeze drying of vegetables is an energy-intensive operation. However, according to domestic and foreign manufacturers of freeze-dried products on an industrial scale, the high quality of finished products, the absence of costs for creating a special temperature and humidity storage regime, and a low specific gravity offset the costs of drying.

Variation and storage stability of juices extracted from potatoes and their influence on in-situ coloration of wool

In this study, juices from four different varieties of potatoes are extracted and then stored at 4˚C. Thereafter enzymes have been assayed at different periods and the juices are applied for the coloration of wool. Results reveal that potato juices demonstrate good storage stability. Though there are variations in the quantity of enzymes present in potatoes, the same is not reflected in the K/S values of the wool. The polymerization of catechol with potato juice results in coloured quinone derivatives which further react to form dimers, oligomers and polymers as confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy studies.

CAN COLD STORAGE REDUCE SEASONAL VARIATION IN PRICES OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES? A CASE OF POTATO IN BANGLADESH:

Cold storage has a significant role to maintain supply of potato throughout the year in a country and hence it can influence to reduce the seasonal price variations because in agriculture supply mainly regulates the price of commodities. This study was undertaken to investigate whether the cold storage can reduce the seasonal variation in prices of potato in Bangladesh. National data on monthly wholesale prices of potatoes (potato local, potato Holland white and red) were collected during the period from 1972 to 2018 from Department of Agricultural Marketing. Ratio to the moving average method was applied to measure the seasonal price indices between the two periods (before establishing sufficient capacity of cold storage and after establishing sufficient capacity of cold storage for storing potato in Bangladesh) for assessing whether the cold storage can reduce seasonal variation in prices of potato. From the study it was revealed that seasonal price variation of different varieties of potatoes became lower after establishing sufficient cold storage capacity (more than 30 per cent of total potato production from 1988 to 2018) in the country, i.e., there is an impact of cold storage in reducing the seasonal price variation of potato. Because price variations for individual months, coefficient of variation and range, all of them are lower after establishing sufficient capacity of cold storage. So, cold storages can reduce the seasonal variation in prices of potato. Government should facilitate more for establishing cold storage; these facilities can improve the seasonal price fluctuations of other vegetables also.

English

This study aimed to screen myxobacteria strains with strong activity against Phytophthora infestans and to study its secondary metabolites. Myxobacteria were isolatedfrom a soil sample using the rabbit feces as bait. A strain inhibitive to P. infestanswas identified by morphological observation and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The fermentation parameters were optimized through a combination of univariate analysis and orthogonal optimization. The stability and antimicrobialactivities of the secondary metabolites were determined using the filter paper method, and the effects on the development of the potato late blight and its pathogen were determined using the in vitroleaf method. The myxobacteria B25-I-1 isolated from a soil sample showed strong activity against P. infestansand was identified as Myxococcus xanthus. The optimal fermentation conditions of M. xanthusB25-I-1 were as follows: inoculum size of 10%, shaking at 180 rmin-1, incubation temperature of 32°C, and incubation time of 8 days. The secondary metabolites were highly tolerant to high temperature, treatment with protease K, andultraviolet and natural lights. Besides P. infestans, the secondary metabolites also showed variant antagonistic effects againstEscherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus subtilis,Saccharomyces cerevisiae,Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The results of the potato late blight control on potato leaves indicated that the secondary metabolites could significantly inhibit the infection of detached potato leaves caused by P. infestansand caused no damage to the leaves of different varieties of potatoes by themselves. This study provides basic data for the the development of a biopesticide against potato late blight.© 2021 Friends Science Publishers

Evaluation and storage stability of potato chips made from different varieties of potatoes cultivated in Pakistan

In this study, potato chips from different varieties were made and their storage study was conducted. The results showed that Caruso and Lady Rosetta (LR) had significantly (p < .05) highest total solids and specific gravity compared to other varieties. Significantly (p < .05) highest oil uptake (47.62%) was observed in Sterna while lowest was observed in Caruso (42.94%) and LR (43.67%), respectively. Highest lightness (62.55) and low free fatty acids (FFA) values of oil were found in LR while highest in Hermes. During storage period of 60 days, FFA, oxidation, color, and moisture values of LR and Caruso were less than Sterna and Hermes even after 4 weeks of storage showing strong stability during. Total plate count, yeast and mound count were found to be lowest in LR variety while no spoilage organisms were found. The findings suggest the appropriateness of LR and Caruso varieties with good physiochemical properties and stability during storage period. Novelty impact statement Potato chips are consumed all around the globe, thus, screening of new potato varieties for chips making is inevitable. The results revealed that Lady Rosette has strong potential for chips owing to its good physiochemical properties and less oil uptake. In addition, the storage stability of all varieties is in the range suggesting that prepared chips can be used for 60 days.

Content and distribution of major and trace elements as a tool to assess the genotypes, harvesting time, and cultivation systems of potato

The effects of organic versus integral and conventional crop management on content and distribution of major and trace elements in different varieties of potato were investigated in a three year field trial. A set of 48 potato tubers of four varieties with different harvesting times, cultivated in three types of agricultural systems: conventional (C), integral (I), and organic (O) were characterized based on the composition of the elements of their bulk and peel. A total of 16 elements were quantified. In order to determine the source of variation among the types of production, parts of potato and varieties, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted. The results indicate that Ca, Mg, and K may be considered as important indicators of the type of production, genotypes of potato, and harvesting time. Additionally, the analyses show that ten microelements are able to distinguish between production types and genotypes of potato.

Development of diseases early potatoes in the cultivation of two harvests in the conditions of the Moscow region

Potatoes are an important crop for the country’s food security. In connection with the warming of the climate, it becomes possible to cultivate two crops of potatoes in one growing season. Potatoes can be affected by numerous diseases, the most dangerous in our zone are Phytophthora infestans and, in recent years, Alternaria. According to various sources, losses amount to 50%. The use of resistant varieties reduces the pesticide load on the crop agrocenosis. The article presents the results of studies of field resistance of different varieties of potatoes to Alternaria and Phytophthora infestans, as well as the use of effective fungicides of systemic action. It was revealed that during the cultivation of two early harvests of potatoes during one growing season, differentiation of diseases occurs in the summer: Alternaria develops during the first planting, and Phytophthora infestansdevelops during the second planting. For the first planting, it is necessary to use varieties resistant to Alternaria (Zhukovsky, Lady Claire, Red Scarlet and Impala), for the second planting, resistant to Phytophthora infestans(Luck). In the system of protective measures, it is necessary to include one treatment with systemic fungicides, it is necessary to take into account the waiting period, as the growing season is short.

The effect of storing temperature and variety features on the culinary properties of potato

This study aimed to determine the effect of storage temperature on the preservation and culinary properties of different varieties of potatoes. It was established that at a storage temperature of 2…4 °С the yield of marketable products for early ripening varieties is 88.22±1.53 % on average, for medium ripening ones is 96.87±1.09 %. Natural weight loss by tubers of all varieties during the storage period averaged 4.2 %, of which 72.9 % accounted for moisture evaporation, 27.1 % due to weight loss. Storage temperatures 0…2 °С lead to an increase in the natural weight loss to 5.53±0.2 % in early ripening varieties, to 5.21±0.53 % in medium ripening ones. The yield of marketable products for early varieties is, respectively, 87.46±1.37 and 89.92±1.09 %. In terms of dry matter, starch, and vitamin C, raw protein, the early group of varieties outperform the medium ripening one. The difference in dry matter content between the varieties reached 8.2 %, starch ‒ 7.0 %, sugar ‒ 0.05 %, vitamin C ‒ 5.6 mg/100 g, raw protein ‒ 1.4 %. When stored, the loss of dry matter was in the range of 2.8–5.2 %, starch ‒ 7.1 % of its initial content, while sugars increased to 12.6 %. The losses of vitamin C by the ripening groups were in the range of 14.8–34.5 %. It was established that the varieties Savannah and Tornado are distinguished by the set of indicators for the content of basic nutrients after harvesting and after storage. The total quality ratio at the end of storage is 0.88 and 0.86, respectively. According to the set of indicators that characterize the culinary properties of potato, the varieties Banba and Christina should rank first both at laying and at the end of storage; among the medium ripening varieties ‒ the variety Setanta. The overall estimate of potato tuber quality largely depends on the organoleptic characteristics (mealiness, taste, and tuber cooking property). The correlation coefficient is 0.918, 0.845, and 0.733, respectively. The mealiness of potato tubers has a strong direct link to taste (r=0.894) and an inverse strong link to sugar content (r=−0.725). The mealiness of tubers depends on the content of sugars and starch (r=−0.679 and r=0.571). The potato tuber crumb resistance to darkening depends on the content of vitamin C (r=0.872)

ВЛИЯНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ АГРОРУД И СТИМУЛЯТОРА РОСТА НА КАЧЕСТВО КЛУБНЕЙ КАРТОФЕЛЯ

Basing on many years of research in the mountains, the beneficial effect of zeolite-containing clays (leskenite, alanite) and para-aminobenzoic acid on the improvement of the quality of potato tubers in the mountains of the North Ossetia-Alania has been proved. The purpose of the work is to determine the influence of the above factors on the accumulation of starch and dry matter in tubers of potato varieties (Udacha, Vladikavkazcky, Predgorny, Romano). The novelty is that the beneficial effect of natural agro-ore and para-aminobenzoic acid on the accumulation of starch and dry matter in tubers of different varieties of potatoes has been proved for the first time on mountain meadow soils of the mountain zone. The high efficiency of applying agro ore to the soil has been established, leading to a stable increase in the high-quality potato crop. The counts and observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods described in the “Educational and methodological guide to research in agronomy”. As a result of the use of zeolite-containing clays (leskenite, alanite) and para-aminobenzoic acid, studies on the productivity and marketability of tubers made it possible to conclude that leskenite and alanite, which contain a complex of elements necessary for the development of potato plants, in combination with manure, had an effective effect on the formation of marketability different varieties of potatoes. The use of pure agro-ore and their mixtures with PABA also contributed to the effective impact on the formation of marketability. The application of a planting scheme of 70 × 25 cm for varieties Udacha and Romano in combination with natural agricultural products, manure, growth stimulant (PABA) is optimal for cultivation for seed purposes.

Influence of bio-chemical constituents of potato varieties on the incidence of insect pests in Andhra Pradesh

Studies were conducted to know the influence of bio-chemical constituents in potato varieties on insect pests in two different locations in the West and East Godavari Districts of Andhra Pradesh. Bio-chemical parameters viz., moisture content (%), sugars (%), protein (mg/100g) and phenol content (mg/100g) were estimated from eight different varieties of potato viz., Kufri Badshah, Kufri Chandramukhi, Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Khyati, Kufri himalini, Kufri surya, Kufri chipsona-3 and Kufri Phukraj grown in two locations (L1 and L2). Results revealed highest phenol content in the variety Kufri Badshah (91.10 mg/100g) in L1, Kufri Himalini variety (86.28 mg/100g) in L2 and both these varieties were significantly negatively correlated with insect pest’s incidence. Subsequently, other bio-chemical parameters viz., moisture content, sugars [reducing and total] and protein content were significantly positively correlated with insect pest’s incidence in all the eight varieties in both the locations. Consequently Kufri Badshah in L1 and Kufri Himalini in L2 had less pest incidence which might be due to their bio-chemical composition

Chemometric determination of time series moisture in both potato and sweet potato tubers during hot air and microwave drying using near/mid-infrared (NIR/MIR) hyperspectral techniques

Near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) hyperspectral techniques in tandem with chemometric analyses were employed for developing multispectral real-time systems allowing the food industry to monitor moisture content (MC) in tubers including various potato and sweet potato products during drying. Multivariate models were established by partial least-squares regression (PLSR), support vector machine regression (SVMR), locally weighted partial least square regression (LWPLSR), and back propagation artificial neural network (BPANN) using full spectral ranges of 10372–6105 cm−1 (Spectral Set I), 3996–600 cm−1 (Spectral Set II), and 1700–900 cm−1 (Spectral Set III). The LWPLSR from Spectral Set I and BPANN from Spectral Set II and III, obtained the highest accuracies for tuber MC prediction. Then, both regression coefficient (RC) and successive projection algorithm (SPA) were respectively used for the selection of feature wavelengths in Spectral Set I, II and III. Instead of choosing many groups of characteristic variables for different varieties of potatoes and sweet potatoes, one set of feature variables for all tubers was selected from each spectral region for the convenience of industrial application. Eventually, six sets of feature wavelengths chosen from Spectral Set I, II and III were used to optimize models. The simplified SPA-LWPLSR from Spectral Set II and SPA-BPANN from Spectral Set III acquired good model performances for the tuber MC prediction, with determination coefficients in prediction (R2P) of 0.950 and 0.904, respectively. The RC-BPANN model from Spectral Set I achieved the highest R2P of 0.965. Such accuracies were comparable to that of full spectral models. The results reveal that hyperspectral techniques have great potential in the food industry for real-time measurement of tuber MC.

Adaptability of potato varie­ties to soil-climatic conditions of the Polissia and Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine

Purpose. To define the main criteria for adaptability and determine the adaptive capacity of different varieties of potatoes tested in Polissia and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine for use in seed production. Methods. The productive potential of potato varieties to determine overall species adaptability was analyzed in terms of yield. For this purpose, the coefficient of adaptability of varieties (CA) was used determined by their yield in the year of cultivation in ratio to the ave­rage yield of the year. Results. Over the years of research (2014–2016), under similar conditions of cultivation, the varieties responded in different ways to conditions of the environment in relation to the year of testing. The overall CA of 1.0 and higher indicates increased adaptability of the variety in the soil and climatic conditions of the growing area to changes in weather conditions during the growing season. In particular, in Polissia these are ‘Esmi’ (CA 1.12), ‘Catania’ (CA 1.06), ‘Constans’ (CA 1.03); in the Forest-Steppe – ‘Esmi’ (CA 1.16), ‘Catania’ (CA 1.12), ‘Constans’ (CA 1.00). Specific adaptive ability of varieties is manifested in high average variety yields in years favorable by weather conditions for potato cultivating. The increase in the yield of such varieties in Polissia was 0.4–1.9 t/ha, in the Forest-Steppe – 0.7–2.8 t/ha. ‘Esmi’, ‘Catania’, ‘Yavir’, ‘Constans’ belong to such varieties in Polissia, ‘Esmi’, ‘Catania’, and ‘Constans’ – in the Forest-Steppe. Conclusions. The use the coefficient of adaptability allows determining the productive capacity of a variety in specific soil and climatic conditions. The cultivation of potato varieties with increased adap­tability is a significant factor in increasing the production of high-yielding potato varieties, primarily seed material of high categories for varieties rotation and replacement. In particular, according to research results, such varieties of potatoes in Polissia and Forest-Steppe conditions are ‘Esmi’, ‘Catania’ and ‘Constans’.

Effect of spraying seaweed extract on the yield of different varieties of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.)

نفذت التجربة خلال الموسم الزراعي الربيعي 2017 في مشتل بعقوبة التابع لمديرية زراعة ديالى– محافظة ديالى وشملت الدراسة ثلاثة أصناف من البطاطا (AXENIA وOSIRIS وHERMES) وأربعة تراكيز من مستخلص الطحالب البحرية (APPETIZER) (0 و0.75 و1.5 و2.25 مل. لتر-1 ماء) وبمعدل ثلاث رشات. بهدف دراسة تأثير التركيب الوراثي للأصناف وتركيز السماد في حاصل البطاطا. تضمنت التجربة 12 معاملة ناتجة من التوافيق ما بين عوامل الدراسة المذكورة أنفاً. وطبقت تجربة عاملية بتصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة Randomized complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) وبثلاث مكررات وكان التحليل الإحصائي باستخدام برنامج (SAS) وتم مقارنة المتوسطات باستخدام اختبار دنكن متعدد الحدود وتحت مستوى احتمال5 %. أوضحت النتائج تفوق الصنف OSIRIS معنوياً بتسجيل أعلى معدل في صفة عدد درنات النبات الواحد وحاصل النبات الواحد والحاصل القابل للتسويق والحاصل الغير قابل للتسويق والحاصل الكلي، بينما تفوق الصنف AXENIA في معدل وزن الدرنة القابل للتسويق وتفوق الرش بمستخلص الطحالب البحرية بتركيز 01.5 مل. لتر-1 بشكل معنوي في معظم الصفات المدروسة إضافة إلى وجود تفوق معنوي عند تداخل ما بين عوامل الدراسة.