Different Varieties Of Chickpea Research Articles

The effect of natural biostimulants on a productivity of different varieties of chickpea

The effect of biostimulants Agrimitin and Bacterial Melanin on winter variety Karin, spring varieties Anush and Leninakan 313 varieties of chickpea under the conditions of Armavir region of the Ararat valley, was studied. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with biostimulants was carried out with Agrimitin 2.5 nmol. - 12 and Bacterial Melanin 0.035% - 24 hours’ exposures, respectively. The field experiments were carried out with three repetitions, in 25m2 test plots, with a sowing rate of 500 thousand seeds/ha. The results of the study show that biostimulants improved the structural elements and productivity indicators of the chickpea crop, which contributed to the increase in yield. In the Agrimitin-treated version of the Karin variety, biological and actual yield indicators exceeded the control by 6.9 and 4.8 t/ha. The Agrimitin preparation compare with Bacterial Melanin for all varieties displayed a highest result. Among the tested varieties, the winter variety Karin provided an unprecedentedly high seed yield.

Assessment of Growth and Biomass Production among Different Varieties of Chickpeas in Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh

Chickpeas are the most popular pulse crop of India, popularly known as gram or Bengal gram, mainly grown in Rabi season. Chickpeas are a rich source of highly digestible dietary protein. Though the crop has huge importance, no detailed studies are available on morphological and growth parameters with reference to this crop sown in the Bundelkhand region of India. Here, we compared the plant growth and yield among different varieties of chickpea under farmer’s field conditions and screened the high yielding varieties for the Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. Different varieties of chickpeas viz., Avrodhi, Subhra, Ujjwal, Red gold, Pant-G-186, JG-11, Radhey, DCP-92-3, and HK94134 were analyzed in terms of growth and morphological parameters to screen the best adaptive variety with the highest yield under rain-fed conditions of that particular region. Field evaluation based on phenological traits and biomass patterns was carried out in randomized plots with three replicates for each variety. We observed significant differences in the majority of evaluated traits among the different varieties. Although, the plant height was better in the variety “Ujjwal” altogether, “Radhey” variety was observed to have the highest pod number. The above-ground biomass was again highest in Radhey with an average of 31.77 ± 3.38 g plant-1 followed by Avarodhi (30.33 ± 2.64 g plant-1) and Subhra 19.83 ± 3.08. From the present findings, it may be concluded that variety Radhey has the highest carbon sequestration potential with the highest yield in the rain-fed conditions, followed by Avarodhi and JG-11.

Genetic Diversity Analysis between Different Varieties of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Using SSR Markers

The paper aims at evaluating genetic diversity among genomes of chickpea comprising of 5 different varieties with the help of simple sequence repeats (SSR) molecular markers. Genomic DNA isolated from all varieties was checked with 15 different SSR markers specific for ENDPOINT PCR using PCR based techniques. Amplification bands with different markers enabled identification of the genomic regions responsible for Drought Tolerance in chickpea. All 15 SSR markers chosen gave monomorphic bands. A hierarchical tree was also constructed using UPGMA Dendogram for figuring out the exact genetic distance of cultivars using band amplification data. It depicted GUJ-1 and GUJ-2 are closest of all cultivars. GUJ-5 is at the center having GUJ-3 and UJJAVAL at an almost equal distance but GUJ-5 and GUJ-3 are more related. Physiological data also supported this genetic evidence.
 Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(2): 236-242

Response of chickpea varieties to boron application in calcareous and terrace soils of Bangladesh

An experiment was conducted at Madaripur and Gazipur during rabi (winter) season of 2012-13 and 2013-14 to determine the optimum dose of B for different varieties of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). There were 12 treatment combinations comprising three varieties (BARI Chola-5, BARI Chola-8 and BARI Chola-9) and four levels of boron (0, 1, 1.5 and 2 kg ha-1) along with a blanket dose of N20P20K25S10Zn2 kg ha-1. Boron was applied as H3BO3. Results showed BARI Chola-9 with 1.5 kg B ha-1 produced the highest seed yield of 1338 kg ha- 1 at Madaripur and 2218 kg ha-1 at Gazipur. Nodulation, nitrogen (N) and protein contents were also found highest for the same variety and B treatment. The other two varieties (BARI Chola-5 and BARI Chola-8) also performed higher yield in the plot receiving 1.5 kg B ha-1 compared to 1 kg B ha-1 or 2 kg B ha-1 at both locations. The results suggest that BARI Chola-9 and 1.5 kg B ha-1 along with N20P20K25S10Zn2 kg ha-1 could be used for achieving higher yield of chickpea in calcareous and terrace soils of Bangladesh.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(4): 543-556, December 2018

Development and application of genomic resources for comparative and translational genomics in legumes through leveraging genomic sequence of Medicago truncatula

The expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of common bean were BLAST aligned with barred medic genome sequence and developed 1196 conserved intron spanning primers (CISPs) to facilitate genetic studies in legumes. Randomly selected 288 CISPs, representing loci on barrel medic genome, were tested on 10 selected members of legume family. On the source taxa, the highest single copy amplification success rates of 61.8% (barrel medic) and 56.2% (common bean) was obtained. The success rate of markers was 54.5% in cowpea followed by 53.5% in pigeonpea and chickpea, signifying cross taxon amplification and their potential use in comparative genomics. However, relatively low percentages of primer set amplified (40-43%) in soybean, urdbean and peanut. Further, these primers were tested on different varieties of chickpea, pigeonpea and cowpea. The PCR products were sequenced and aligned which resulted in detection of 26 SNPs and eight INDeLs in cowpea, seven SNPs and two INDeLs in chickpea and 27 SNPs and 14 INDeLs in pigeonpea. These SNPs were successfully converted in to size variation for gel-based genotyping. The CISP markers developed in this study are expected to aid in map saturation of legumes and in marker-assisted selection for accelerated crop improvement.

Impact of benzimidazole and dithiocarbamate fungicides on the photosynthetic machinery, sugar content and various antioxidative enzymes in chickpea

Background and aimsFungicides, though beneficial for agricultural productivity, are known to interfere with the basic metabolism and induce the formation of various biomolecules and also alter the physiological parameters of plant growth. The present study is an attempt to understand the effect of different conc. of benzimidazole (Carbendazim) and dithocarbamate (Mancozeb) fungicides on photosynthetic components such as chlorophyll content, total sugar and phenolic content and various antioxidative enzymes in developing seedlings of chickpea. Material and Methods: Chickpea seeds of two cultivars (PDG-4 and GPF-2) were incubated with different conc. (0.1, 0.25 and 0.5%) of the fungicide for 24 and 48 h and then allowed to germinate for 10 days in an incubated chamber. Seedlings were analyzed for various physiological parameters such as variation in root/shoot length, photosynthetic activity (chlorophyll content), total sugar and phenolic content and activity of antioxidative enzymes such as GPX, CAT and SOD etc. Results and conclusionsCompared to the unstressed samples, fungicide stress resulted in an overall decrease in root/shoot length, relative water content etc. thus indicating that the applied fungicides adversely affects the rate of germination of seedlings. A differential behaviour of various chlorophyll (Chla, Chlb, total chlorophyll) contents suggests that fungicides stress affects the photosynthetic machinery. Estimations of sugar and total phenolic content indicated that higher conc. of the fungicide lowered the total sugar content at the 10-day-old seedling stage; thereby giving an indication that the fungicide may interferes with carbohydrate metabolism. We observed that the level of peroxidase increased at higher conc. of the both types of fungicide as compared to control samples whereas the catalase activity increased in PDG 4 but a lower activity was observed in GPF-2 under increasing conc. of both the fungicides. The levels of superoxide dismutase decreased in PDG-4 but increased in GPF-2 under higher conc. of both the fungicides thus indicating that different varieties of chickpea behaved differently and triggers various antioxidant enzymes as defence mechanism to counter the fungicides stress.

Identifying best crop management practices for chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Northeastern Ethiopia under climate change condition

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the important cool season food legumes in the semi-arid northeastern Ethiopia; however, its productivity is adversely affected by a number of abiotic and biotic factors. The objectives of this study were to assess impacts of projected climate change on grain yield of chickpea by 2030s (2020–2049) and 2050s (2040–2069) and to identify crop management options that increase productivity of the crop. The CROPGRO-chickpea model in DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) was used to assess impacts of projected climate change on chickpea and to identify adaptation options. The crop model was first calibrated and evaluated in the study area for simulating growth, yield and water balance of the soil. The result of the model calibration and evaluation showed that there were close agreement between the simulated and observed values that showed the performance of the model to simulate growth, phenology and yield of chickpea under semi-arid northeastern Ethiopian condition. The calibrated model was used to assess impacts of projected climate changes on chickpea and identify crop management options. The impact of projected climate change was assessed for 2030s and 2050s time periods under all the RCPs with and without CO2 fertilization. To identify crop management options, different varieties of chickpea, supplemental irrigation and change in planting dates have been evaluated. The result of climate change impact analysis on chickpea showed that grain yield is predicted to significantly increase both by 2030s and 2050s under CO2 fertilization condition across all the RCPs as compared to baseline grain yield (1961–1990). However, simulation without CO2 showed that grain yield will not significantly increase by 2030s and 2050s across all the scenarios. Based on the prediction result it can be generalized that chickpea will be benefited from the projected climate changes in northeastern Ethiopia. According to the simulation result application of two supplemental irrigation (flower initiation and pod setting stages) and early sowing significantly (P<0.05) increase grain yield of chickpea in northeastern Ethiopia under the present and future climate conditions. Selection of appropriate cultivars based on the agroecology of the area has paramount important to increase chickpea productivity under the present and future climate condition.

Popularization of improved chickpea production technology through frontline demonstrations in rainfed condition of Pali District Of Rajasthan, India

Front line demonstrations (FLDs) on chickpea were laid down at 160 farmers’ fields to demonstrate production potential and economic benefits of improved production technologies comprising high yielding varieties namely RSG 888, RSG 895, GNG 1581, RSG 943 and RSG 9465 in Pali district of arid zone of Rajasthan state during rabi seasons from 2009 to 2015 in rainfed farming situation. The improved production technologies recorded an additional yield ranging from 1.9 to 6.5 q/ha with a mean of 4.4 q/ha. The per cent increase yield under improved production technologies ranged from 39.2 to 65.5 (RSG 888), 30.1 to 63.1 (GNG 1581), 25.2 to 40.2 (RSG 895), 37.5 to 54.1 (RSG 943) and 17.4 (RSG 946) in respective years. The average extension gap, technology gap and technology index were 4.4 q/ha, 4.1 q/ha and 20.6%, respectively in different varieties of chickpea. The improved production technologies gave higher benefit cost ratio ranging from 3.5 to 4.6 with a mean of 3.9 compared to local checks (1.6) being grown by farmers under locality. From the result of the findings that the maximum number of the respondents had medium level of knowledge and extent of adoption regarding recommended chickpea production technology. The study reported lack of suitable HYV as major constraints by beneficiaries is rank first followed by low technical knowledge. The productivity of maize per unit area could be increased by adopting feasible scientific and sustainable management practices with a suitable variety. Considering the above facts, frontline demonstrations were carried out in a systematic and scientific manner on farmers’ field to show the worth of a new variety and convincing farming community about potentialities of improved production management technologies of chickpea for further adoption by the farming community.

Prevalence of Fungi in Different Varieties of Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) Seeds in Storage

A total of nine species of fungi were found to be associated with seeds of nine varieties of chickpea. The isolated fungi were Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. fumigatus, A. nidulans, Curvularia lunata, Penicillium sp., Rhizopus stolonifer and Trichoderma viride. Association of fungi with chickpea seeds was recorded three times, within a week after harvest, after two and five months of storage. The fungal association varied with duration of storage period. Species of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Rhizopus become predominating fungi with increase of the storage period. The fungal association with seeds of chickpea also affects germination, seedling mortality and seedling height. Germination of BARI chola 6 and 7 were completely inhibited due to prevalence of Rhizopus stolonifer in the seeds examined within seven days of harvest. The total fungal infection in chickpea seeds was highest in BARI chola 8 (168) and lowest in BARI chola 1 (65).Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 40, No. 1, 37-44, 2016

Особенности выращивания нута в условиях степного Крыма

В Крыму зернобобовые высевают на площади более 30 тыс. га (3,5 % посевных площадей), из них под посевами нута — до 8,5 тыс. га. Создание новых высокопродуктивных и устойчивых к болезням сортов нута позволит расширить посевные площади под этой культурой. Одним из эффективных приемов повышения урожайности зернобобовых культур — инокуляция семян перед посевом селекционными штаммами клубеньковых бактерий и комплексное применение биопрепаратов на основе микроорганизмов. В Институте сельского хозяйства Крыма на протяжении 2012 – 2014 гг. изучали сорта нута разных селекционных центров: Селекционно-генетического института (Одесса), Луганского института агропромышленного производства и Красноградской опытной станции Института зернового хозяйства (Харьков), израильской селекции. Приведены результаты изучения адаптивных особенностей сортов нута в условиях степного Крыма на протяжении 2012 – 2014 гг. Перед посевом семена нута обрабатывали микробиологическими препаратами на основе высокоэффективных азотфиксирующих штаммов микроорганизмов Ризобофит, а также препаратами полифункционального действия Фосфоэнтерином и Биополицидом, арбускулярно-микоризными грибами, цианоризобиальным консорциумом. В результате исследований выделены сорта нута, наиболее адаптированные к условиям степного Крыма, которые могут быть рекомендованы для широкого внедрения в производство данной зоны. Сорта нута Александрит, Добробут, Буджак обеспечили среднюю урожайность за годы изучения — соответственно 1,35, 1,46 и 1,26 т/га. Предложены приемы агротехники, способствующие повышению продуктивности растений нута: инокуляция штаммами клубеньковых бактерий и комплексное применение препаратов полифункционального действия (фосфатмобилизирующие, ростостимулирующие, биопротекторное). Установлено, что применение бактеризации семян нута способствует повышению продуктивности растений на 2,8 – 15,2 %.

Growth and yield of different varieties of chickpea (Cicer arietinuml.) as influenced by the phosphorus nutrition under rainfed conditions on vertisols

A field experiment was carried out in Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal during the rabi season 2011–12 to study the effect of different doses of phosphorus on the growth and yield of different varieties of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under rainfed conditions in vertisols. The experiment was laid out in a Split plot design with three replications. There were four phosphorus levels viz., 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg P2O5 ha−1 and four varieties of chickpea viz., JG 16, JG 11, JG 315 and JG 218. Barring JG 11, application of phosphorus from 0 to 60 kg ha−1 resulted in a linear increase in yield and yield attributing characters in rest of the varieties. Although there was no significant difference in seed yield among the varieties, application of either 60 or 90 kg P2O5 ha−1 produced significantly higher seed yield over other doses of P. The application of phosphorus above 60 kg ha−1 has significantly increased the grain phosphorus content in all the four varieties but the interaction effect was not significant. A significant increase of grain phosphorus uptake with phosphorus nutrition was also observed in all the varieties.

Note: DoesLiriomyza cicerina affect the yield of chickpeas (Cicer arietinum)?

Liriomyza cicerina (Rondani, 1875) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in some regions of Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine whether the populations ofL. cicerina on different varieties of chickpea plants during the 2004 and 2005 production seasons affected yield in Sanliurfa province. The trials were carried out using eight different varieties of chickpea with three replicates. During each season, larval densities on leaves were assessed weekly. TheL. cicerina larval population was lowest on four varieties for both seasons. There were very minor differences in yield among the eight varieties in the production seasons. There was no correlation found between larval density and yield loss.