Different Types Of Tape Research Articles

Temporary Road Marking Paint for Vehicle Perception Tests

In order to test camera- and LiDAR-based perception of road markings for automated driving, vehicle developers have started to utilize concepts for the agile alteration of road marking patterns on proving grounds. Road marking materials commonly used within this concept are different types of tape that can easily be applied and removed on asphalt and concrete. Due to the elasticity of tape, it cannot be used efficiently for small radii, symbols, lettering, and specific corner shapes (e.g., for parking slots). These road marking patterns are common in urban environments. With the growing capability of automated driving systems and more applications for urban environments, edgy road marking shapes gain importance for proving ground testing. This study examines the use of water-soluble road marking paint specifically designed for the use case of temporary applications on proving grounds for camera- and LiDAR-based perception testing. We found that white, water-soluble paint with 1.5% binder content and 2.25% coalescing agent content can provide realistic road markings for vehicle testing purposes. However, solubility affects the paint’s vulnerability to fading during rain. Hence, renewal activities over the course of longer test drives might be necessary. The paint could be removed using water pressure without significant residue or damaging of the asphalt.

Enhancing Refuge Space Safety: Tape Application to Reduce Door Leakage during Fires

As global climate change intensifies, the frequency and severity of wildfires affecting communities worldwide are on the rise. Therefore, the issue of residential safety for people is becoming increasingly crucial. During a fire, smoke particles and toxic emissions could infiltrate the refuge space through gaps in doors, making it a primary risk factor for casualties. It is worth conducting in‐depth research and investigation on how to effectively utilize available tools and facilities to enhance the probability of survival while waiting for rescue behind closed doors. This study uses iron, aluminum, and wooden doors as experimental samples. Thirty participants conducted a total of 1,620 experiments using six different qualities of tape to investigate the impact of applying different layers of tape on improving door leakage and the time required for tape application. This study proposes that in situations when people are waiting for rescue in refuge spaces, the most efficient course of action would involve the fastest available tape. The rationale behind this is that while different types of tape may vary in their smoke‐shielding effectiveness, using three layers of tape can meet the leakage effectiveness standards, specifically less than 25 m3/hr at a differential pressure of 25 Pa.

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Adaptation of tape removal test for measurement of sensitivity in perineal area of rat

Regeneration after spinal cord injury is a goal of many studies. Although the most obvious target is to recover motor function, restoration of sensation can also improve the quality of life after spinal cord injury. For many patients, recovery of sensation in the perineal and genital area is a high priority. Currently there is no experimental test in rodents for measuring changes in sensation in the perineal and genital area after spinal cord injury. The aim of our study was to develop a behavioural test for measuring the sensitivity of the perineal and genital area in rats. We have modified the tape removal test used routinely to test sensorimotor deficits after stroke and spinal cord injury to test the perineal area with several variations. A small piece of tape (approximately 1 cm2) was attached to the perineal area. Time to first contact and to the removal of the tape was measured. Each rat was trained for 5 consecutive days and then tested weekly. We compared different rat strains (Wistar, Sprague-Dawley, Long-Evans and Lewis), both genders, shaving and non-shaving and different types of tape. We found that the test was suitable for all tested strains, however, Lewis rats achieved the lowest contact times, but this difference was significant only for the first few days of learning the task. There were no significant differences between gender and different types of tape or shaving. After training the animals underwent dorsal column lesion at T10 and were tested at day 3, 8, 14 and 21. The test detected a sensory deficit, the average time across all animals to sense the stimulus increased from 1′32 up to 3′20. There was a strong relationship between lesion size and tape detection time, and only lesions that extended laterally to the dorsal root entry zone produced significant sensory deficits. Other standard behavioural tests (BBB, von Frey, ladder and Plantar test) were performed in the same animals. There was a correlation between lesion size and deficit for the ladder and BBB tests, but not for the von Frey and Plantar tests. We conclude that the tape removal test is suitable for testing perineal sensation in rats, can be used in different strains and is appropriate for monitoring changes in sensation after spinal cord injury.

Securing Orogastic and Nasogastric Tubes in Intubated Patients

Securing Orogastic and Nasogastric Tubes in Intubated Patients

Effects of Athletic Tape, Leukotape P, and Prophylactic Bracing During a Dynamic Postural Control Test

CONTEXT: Athletic tape (AT), leukotape P (LEU), and prophylactic ankle bracing (BR) are commonly used in sport activity where dynamic postural control is important in optimal performance. The relationship between balance and these different types of tape and bracing have not been extensively studied. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of no intervention (NO), AT, LEU, and BR on modified Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) reach distance. Participants: Twenty-four healthy volunteers (9 males, 15 females; age: 22.13 ± 2.37 years; height: 164.99 ± 8.71 cm; mass: 70.06 ± 12.42 kg) who were self-reported recreationally active and have not experienced a lower extremity injury in the past six months participated. METHODS: NO, AT, LEU, and BR were applied during four randomized trials. Reach distance during a modified SEBT were recorded for individual directions and as composite scores for each leg and standardized by leg length. RESULTS: One-way repeated measures ANOVA showed a significance F omnibus value between type of tape and reach distance for right composite score, F(3, 20) = 10.071, p =.000, right anterior reach F(3, 21)= 7.082, p=.002, and left anterior reach F(3, 21) = 6.231 p=.003. Post hoc comparisons revealed that AT condition had significantly less right composite score compared to LEU condition; t(22) =- 3.85, p =.001 and BR condition; t(22) =-4.12, p=.000. Right anterior reach for AT condition was less than NO, t(23) =4.179, p =.000 and BR condition), t(23) =-3.045, p=.006. Left anterior reach for AT was also less compared to NO, t(23) =4.579, p= .000; and LEU; t(23) = -3.690, p= .001. CONCLUSION: AT is often used to address ankle instability, however it may limit dynamic postural control stability. Using other tape or braces may exhibit the same stabilizing effect without impeding dynamic postural control.

Kinesio Taping® is not better than placebo in reducing pain and disability in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Kinesio Taping ® has been widely used in clinical practice. However, it is unknown whether this type of tape is more effective than placebo taping in patients with chronic lower back pain. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of Kinesio Taping ® in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain against a placebo tape and a control group. Method: This is a 3-arm, randomized controlled trial with a blinded assessor. Sixty patients with chronic non-specific low back pain were randomized into one of the three groups: Kinesio Taping ® group (n=20), Micropore® (placebo) group (n=20) and control group (n=20). Patients allocated to both the Kinesio Taping ® group and the placebo group used the different types of tape for a period of 48 hours. The control group did not receive any intervention. The outcomes measured were pain intensity (measured by an 11-point numerical rating scale) and disability (measured by the 24-item Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire). A blinded assessor measured the outcomes at baseline, 48 hours and 7 days after randomization. Results: After 48 hours, there was a statistically significant difference between the Kinesio Taping ® group versus the control group (mean between-group difference = -3.1 points, 95% CI=-5.2 to -1.1, p=0.003), but no difference when compared to the placebo group (mean between-group difference= 1.9 points, 95% CI=-0.2 to 3.9, p=0.08). For the other outcomes no differences were observed. Conclusions: The Kinesio Taping ® is not better than placebo (Micropore®) in patients with chronic low back pain.

Evaluation of tapelifting as a collection method for touch DNA

The use of tapelifting for collection of touch DNA from fabrics is routine in many jurisdictions. However, there is a paucity of data relating to the effectiveness of different types of tapes for tapelifting, the amount of tapelifting required to generate a useful profile, and whether or not tapelifting is more effective than swabbing from various substrates. This research investigates these questions by comparing two tapes of different adhesive strength currently used in forensic casework (Scotch Magic tape and Scenesafe FAST minitapes), for sampling from touch deposits on four different fabrics-cotton flannelette, cotton drill woven fabric, polyester/cotton plain woven fabric and polyester strapping. Touch DNA was deposited on four replicates of each substrate. Separate areas of each substrate replicate were sampled, either by taping with one of the two tapes or by wet/dry swabbing with cotton swabs. Tape was applied over the defined sampling area once or repeatedly for various numbers of applications. DNA was extracted, quantified and profiled from all tape and swab samples as well as the corresponding sampled substrates. Significantly more DNA was extracted, and a higher proportion of alleles detected, from Scenesafe FAST tape than from Scotch Magic tape. The amount of DNA and number of donor alleles detected generally increased as the tape was reapplied to the surface, although a threshold of collection was seen for both types of tape. For two out of four substrates, taping with Scenesafe FAST collected more DNA than swabbing and, for three substrates, generated a greater median number of donor alleles. There was no significant difference in numbers of alleles between swabbing and taping from flannelette. Based on these findings, it is recommended that a tape with stronger adhesion (such as Scenesafe FAST tapelifters) is generally preferable; that more than one application of tape is suggested (however, increasing the amount of times the area is sampled can diminish collection efficiency); and that there is an advantage using tapelifting rather than swabbing for fabrics unless, such as with flannelette, there are many loose fibres easily removed during the sampling process.

Vendaje neuromuscular: ¿tienen todas las vendas las mismas propiedades mecánicas?

Objective The purpose of the present study was to assess the mechanical characteristics of different types of tape utilized in neuromuscular taping (Kinesio Taping) during stress-strain tests, and find out whether the different brands and colours available in the market show different mechanical characteristics. A secondary purpose was to provide information related to the tape strain during the taping preparation, to optimize the taping effect. Methods Thirty-centimeter pieces of tape [Cure Tape (black, blue, red and pink), Sports Tex (black, blue and red), Kinsiotape (blue and red) and Kinesiology Tape (blue and red)] were cut and fixed. Then, progressive loads until the point of rupture were applied to calculate the stress-strain relationship for each tape. Results The different colours and brands explored showed different mechanical behaviours. The greatest elongation before rupture ranged between 77% and 106% of the resting length in the tapes tested. Maximum stress before rupture ranged between 4.57 and 8.06 MPa. Average Young's modulus in the exponential parts of the stress-strain curves were from 0.0526 and 0.0966 MPa. Finally, the tape thicknesses ranged from 0.44 to 0.55 mm. Conclusions The large variability found in the mechanical behaviour of the different tapes leads us to recommend the utilization of the same brand and colour for a given purpose. This will allow the physiotherapist to achieve an optimum tension level of the tape with a protocolized tape elongation.

Organizational Evolution with Fuzzy Technological Boundaries: Tape Drive Producers in the World Market, 1951-1998

We study how tape drive producers respond to the almost continuous emergence of new drive formats across the technology's history. The analysis characterizes the technological formats of tape drives according to their degree of contrast (distinctiveness and visibility) from other formats. High contrast implies strong boundaries, which prevent information leakage and appear to provide solid strategic footing because they are not easy to adopt and replicate; yet formats with strong boundaries may appear risky to potential customers who may prefer formats more readily substitutable. We develop and test arguments about how different types of tape drive manufacturers add and drop the production of formats as a function of the contrast of formats. A key distinction we make is between single-format producers whose format has high contrast (yielding a clear firm level identity) and multi-format producers whose various formats blur the firm's identity when they are high in contrast. In the empirical analysis, we find that single-format firms producing formats with high contrast experience a lower rate of mortality, while average high contrast in the technology portfolio of multi-format producers lowers their survival chances. We also find that single-format firms with technology formats characterized by high levels of contrast are: (1) more likely to add newly emerging formats; and (2) less likely to drop existing formats. By contrast, multi-format manufacturers show mixed patterns.

Study of durability and lateral tape motion of magnetic tape data storage media under high-speed operating conditions using magnetic and edge probe methods

The demand for large scale and efficient data storage systems has increased greatly over the past decade. The data storage industry has responded by increasing the capacity and cost-effectiveness of their systems. Magnetic data tape storage has similarly improved, with commercially available cartridges able to hold over 1.3 TB of compressed data on a single 3.5 in. form factor cartridge. These advancements are the results of a combination of several factors, which include both thinner tapes to improve volumetric density, and taking advantage of the improved magnetic coercivity of advanced magnetic coatings. As the storage capacity of magnetic tape systems continues to increase so does the need for faster read and write access. One possible way to achieve this is to translate the magnetic media past the read/write head at a higher velocity. This increased speed can have unwanted effects on the operation of the tape drive and media. This paper details a study of the effects that high-speed operation at different tensions can have on the performance of the system. The coefficient of friction between the tape and head was monitored to gauge durability and wear, and lateral tape motion (LTM) was monitored using both magnetic and edge probe methods to measure undesirable tape motion. Results for five different types of tape operating at five different tension/speed combinations are discussed in order to better determine the effects that tape characteristics and operating parameters have in high speed situations.

Cytokines at different stratum corneum levels in normal and sodium lauryl sulphate‐irritated skin

Cytokines play an important role in inflammatory and repair processes occurring in the skin. The objectives of this study were to determine the amounts of cytokines and protein isolated by tape stripping in the different layers of the stratum corneum (SC), and to compare normal skin with skin exposed in vivo to the irritant sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS). In eight volunteers, we determined the amount of total and soluble protein and also interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) in pooled tape strips obtained from the upper, intermediate and lower parts of the SC. Three different types of tape were compared (Diamond , D-squame or Sentega tape). In a separate study, 20 volunteers were repeatedly exposed to 0.1% SLS over a 3-week period. The amounts of IL-1alpha, IL-1RA and IL-8 in strips obtained from the three different SC levels of SLS-exposed skin were compared with an unexposed site. For normal skin, the amounts of soluble protein and IL-1alpha were similar for the three tapes. Diamond tape showed the highest yield of total protein. The total protein yield per strip decreased to lower SC levels, whereas soluble protein and IL-1alpha normalized by soluble protein did not change across the SC. After SLS induced skin irritation, IL-1alpha decreased and IL-1RA and IL-8 increased at increasing depth into the SC. Tape stripping is a suitable method to determine SC cytokine concentrations in human skin. With this technique, it is possible to study changes in cytokine concentrations at different SC layers after skin irritation.

Structure of Dibenzocrown Ethers and their H-Bonded Adducts. 2. Structure Peculiarities of Supramolecular Assemblages Formed by [1.5]Dibenzo-18-Crown-6 and Some NH-Donors

[1.5]Dibenzo-18-crown-6 ([1.5]DB18C6) forms the H-bonded supramolecular complexes with 3-nitro-1H-1,2,4-triazole (1:1), 2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedithione (1:1), 1,2,5-oxadiazole-3,4-diamine monohydrate (1:1:1), ethanedithioamide (1:1) and 1,2-hydrazinedicarbothioamide (2:3). The first two complexes are discrete molecular adducts, two next complexes represent different types of tapes, while in the last complex the components are linked into 3D grid. In all cases, the formation of co-crystals results in the substitution of all or part of supramolecular homosynthons by heterosynthons and in the changing of supramolecular architecture.

SU‐FF‐T‐182: Analysis of Systematic Uncertainty in Vivo Dosimetry Using Diodes

Purpose: This study analyzes systematic uncertainty of in vivo dosimetry using diodes. Several possible sources of error are investigated to eliminate or correct systematic errors. Method and Materials: Two diodes are placed on both sides of a phantom/patient to measure entrance and exit doses. The midline dose can thus be derived from these entrance and exit doses. We selected patients with tumors in their midline and with geometrically symmetric structures Several experiments are specially designed to measure response variation of diodes (1) due to temperature change, (2) with/without mask presence, (3) with different types of tapes used to fix the diodes, (4) with the space between mask and skin, (5) with the off field edge distance, and (6) with inhomogeneity of the patients. Results: The systematic uncertainty for measurement with/without the mask is 1%. The systematic uncertainty for temperature change is 3∼4%. The systematic uncertainty from different types of tapes is 1%. The systematic uncertainty due to space between the mask and the skin is less than 2%. If the diodes were placed off edge for distances greater than one‐fourth of the field size, the systematic uncertainty is less than 2%. Conclusion: Temperature change may be an important source of error for in vivo dosimetry using diodes. Other sources of error we investigated produced uncertainties less than 2 %.

TAPE BLISTERS FOLLOWING HIP SURGERY

Tape blisters after hip surgery can be a source of postoperative morbidity and can increase patient discomfort. The purpose of this prospective study was to compare two different types of tape to determine whether the type of tape influences the rate of blister formation. Ninety-nine patients (100 hips) were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomized into one of two treatment groups: one treated with a nonstretchable silk tape and one treated with a perforated, stretchable cloth tape. After surgery, the assigned tape was applied over the postoperative dressing with care not to produce skin tension. At the first dressing change, the presence or absence of blisters was recorded as were the number, size, location, and type of any blisters. The presence or absence of tape blisters was recorded at the time of each subsequent dressing change. A tape blister developed on twenty-five hips in twenty-five patients. The risk of a blister developing was 41% (twenty of forty-nine patients) when the nonstretchable silk tape was used and 10% (five of fifty patients) when the perforated cloth tape was used (relative risk = 4.08, 95% confidence interval = 1.53 to 10.87, p = 0.005). We found no association between formation of tape blisters and the age or gender of the patient, number of medical comorbidities, smoking history, results of nutritional assessment, or type of surgery. The prevalence of tape blisters was significantly lower when perforated cloth tape was used than it was when nonstretchable silk tape was used.

Modeling of flow and thermo-kinetics during the cure of thick laminated composites

The present work describes a three-dimensional numerical model developed to simulate and to analyse the mechanisms dealing with resin flow, heat transfer and the cure of thick composite laminates during autoclave processing. The model, which incorporates some of the best features of models already reported in the literature, is based on the Darcy law, the convection-diffusion heat equation, and appropriate constitutive relations. The model's predictions show that the final degree of consolidation is strongly dependent upon the compacting pressure, which corroborates previous work, and, to a great extent, upon the edge bleeding flow—a finding, which had not been clearly identified before in the literature. The simulations were conducted using the parameters that describe the resin kinetics and rheological behavior of Hercules ASA/3501-6 tape, however, the model is general enough to accommodate different types of tape. The predictions are in good agreement with the results available in the literature, notwithstanding a few concerns related to the final consolidation level of the composite.

De la malnutrition à la dénutrition

To establish the most effective securing devices and techniques for preventing nasogastric tube displacement or inadvertent extubation, mucosa and skin lesions, discomfort, and complications (ab ingestis pneumonia, reduced caloric intake, mortality) in adult patients.Systematic review of published and unpublished reports in any language, identified by searching 5 electronic databases, websites, reference lists, and existing systematic reviews and papers identified by experts in the field.Systematic reviews, randomised controlled trials, and comparative studies that compared ≥2 techniques or devices to secure nasogastric tubes in patients 18 years old or older.Five studies (of which two were randomised controlled trials) were included. Four studies reported on bridle versus the tape technique (unbridled). The studies’ population was comprised of mostly Intensive Care Unit patients. Four studies measured unintentional dislodgement or removal and found a statistically significant advantage in favour of the bridle. Three studies measured time until failure: two studies compared the bridle versus tape technique whereas the other compared different types of tape. One study did not find any significant difference between the two groups of patients whereas the second demonstrated a significantly longer time until failure in the bridled patients.Three studies comparing bridled and unbridled patients measured adverse events such as external nasal ulceration, epistaxis and sinusitis, and there was no agreement between their results.One study measured caloric intake and found that bridled patients received a higher percentage of their caloric goal than unbridled patients.Only one study analysed the cost-effectiveness of the bridle versus the tape technique and found a cost saving by implementing routine bridling of nasoenteric feeding tubes.Discomfort was not measured in the included studies.Despite the large number of patients receiving this intervention, there is insufficient evidence to suggest one securing technique or device over another. Data are lacking on the beneficial effects of the various methods or systems. There is little or no statistically significant evidence regarding bridling of nasogastric tubes but more research is needed. There is a need for more well-designed studies conducted in various clinical settings.

Analysis of Pressure Achieved by Various Materials Used for Pressure Dressings

To minimize the risk of complications, pressure dressings are frequently applied to wounds. The actual pressures yielded by different dressing materials and application techniques have not been documented. To measure and compare pressures produced using various types of dressing tapes with and without a gauze roll. An infant blood pressure cuff was adapted for use in a pressure dressing model. Investigators independently applied four strips of each of five different types of tape to the cuff when it was located in three settings: a hard inanimate surface, a subject's distal volar forearm, and the subject's forehead. Foam and plastic tapes produced more pressure under a simple dressing than three other commonly used tapes. Higher, more consistent pressures were achieved on the forearm than the forehead. Adding a gauze roll to the dressing consistently increased the pressure. The experimental model demonstrated substantial differences in pressures yielded by various pressure dressing materials.

虚血性心疾患治療貼付剤による皮膚刺激発現と角質剥離量の関係

The relationships between the amount of stripped stratum corneum and both the development of skin irritation and the adhesiveness of three different types of tape used for the treatment of ischemic heart disease were investigated in elderly patients (14 to 16 patients/group). The tapes tested in this study were isosorbide dinitrate [Frandol® tape S (FDS)] was nitroglycerin [Nitroderm® TTS® (TTS) and Minitro® tape (MTT)]. Each tape was applied to the breast of each patient for 24 h. The amount of stripped stratum corneum and the adhesivenss of each tape were measured by the colorimetric method and the adhesion test described in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, respectively. The ratio of patients who complained of skin irritation such as redness or contact dermatitis 24 h after application was approximately 20%, 56% and 70% and for FDS, TTS and MTT, respectively. The amount of stripped stratum corneum by MTT and TTS was thus significantly higher than that by FDS, however, no significant difference was observed between MTT and TTS. The amount of stripped stratum corneum correlated significantly with the incidence of skin irritation. The adhesiveness was the highest with MTT (379.1±23.8 g/12 mm), but did not correlate with the amount of stripped stratum corneum. Our findings in this small group of patients therefore suggest that incidence of skin irritation after the application of tape can be accurately estimated based on the amount of stripped stratum corneum.

Uniform simulations of nondeterministic real time multitape turing machines

A new and uniform technique is developed for the simulation of nondeterministic multitape Turing machines by simpler machines. For many types of restricted nondeterministic Turing machines it can now be proved that both linear time is no more powerful than real time, and multitape machines are no more powerful than machines with two tapes, one of which is a simple and normalized comparison tape. This is an improvement over all previously known simulations in terms of weaker machines. As an application we obtain that, for all such machines, the class of languages accepted in real time by multitape machines is principal and has a simple trio generator. Moreover, multitape machines with different types of tapes are hierarchically related, contrasting with the case of one-tape machines, and some important families of languages are characterized in a new way.