Different Types Of Supply Chains Research Articles

Present Trends, Emergencies and Their Impact on Supply Chain Security

The article examines the impact of recent geopolitical, economic, and security changes on logistics support capabilities in EU and NATO member states. The study analyzes the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the armed conflict in Ukraine on logistics supply chains, considering environmental, social, and security concerns. The research questions focus on identifying the main changes and assessing their implications for commercial, military, and humanitarian logistics. The prolongation of the conflict in Ukraine and the economic sanctions imposed on Russia have been found to have a significant impact on logistics capabilities, perceptions of the structure of supply chains and the risks arising from this. The impact of these events is also producing third-country poverty and dehumanizing the UN SDG goals. On the other hand, improvements in NATO troop readiness and weaponry have been noted. The study highlights the need for further research to investigate specific threats for different types of supply chains and to consider the complex and evolving nature of the issue. Ultimately, this research provides insights into the challenges and opportunities facing logistics capabilities in the context of ongoing geopolitical and environmental changes.

DECISION SUPPORT MODEL FOR SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

The purpose of this paper is the creation of a model for supply chain performance optimization and the development of a prototype of the decision support system.The study covered an efficient and agile supply chain type. The Analytic Hierarchy Process was used (AHP) for the evaluation and ranking of supply chains.The research on this topic have dealt with the evaluation and ranking of suppliers within supply chains not considering the characteristics of different types of supply chains. The contribution of this work is in the development of a new model that enables the evaluation and ranking of supply chains considering the priorities of key performance indicators in different types of supply chains, providing management with the support in decision making through simulation and the finding of optimum solutions for the specific supply chain type, as well as the possibility of evaluation and ranking of different supply chain types on the basis of weighted overall performance of each supply chain.Developed and suggested models provide company management with monitoring and control of individual key performance indicators and total supply chain performance, and in this way, become the support to the management in strategic decision making.

Supply chain learning and organizational performance: evidence from Chinese manufacturing firms

PurposeDespite the significance, no study examines the relationship between supply chain (SC) learning components and focal firm performance. This study aims to investigate different types of SC learning (supplier, customer and internal learning) and their influence on the focal firm’s operational and financial performance.Design/methodology/approachGrounded in knowledge-based view and absorptive capacity theory, this study applies structural equation modeling to test the conceptual model based on data collected from 213 manufacturing firms in China.FindingsThe findings indicate that supplier and customer learning improve internal learning. Customer and internal learning have direct influence on operational performance, whereas internal learning mediates the relationship between supplier learning and operational performance. Moreover, all three dimensions of SC learning do not affect financial performance directly but operational performance plays the mediating role in their relationship.Research limitations/implicationsThis study only investigates SC learning outcomes without exploring its antecedents. In addition, SC learning and their impacts on firm performance are tested empirically with cross-sectional data collected only from manufacturing firms in China.Practical implicationsThe findings furnish managers to seek for competitive advantages through different types of SC learning.Originality/valueThis study offers new insights concerning the performance implications of SC learning. It divides SC learning into dimensions and shows the distinctive impacts of these dimensions on focal firm’s performance using an empirical method.

Performance and conduct of supply chains for United States farmed oysters

Farmed oysters are one of the most valuable aquacultured products in the United States (U.S.), are highly perishable, and increasingly shipped live year-round. Supply chain actors must work together to bring refrigerated oysters to market quickly, while maintaining product value, safety and traceability information. In light of these demands, this study assesses the performance and conduct of supply chains for U.S. farmed oysters (Crassostrea virginica, C. gigas). Over the two-year study period, we conducted interviews with 56 businesses and tracked 125 oyster shipments from two major growing regions in the U.S. through six different types of supply chains. We hypothesized that direct and intermediated supply chains would perform differently in terms of time-to-market, product temperature in cold chains, compliance with temperature regulations, and modeled risks from Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Intermediated supply chains, by their definition have more connections than direct supply chains, and we found this introduces a longer time-to-market and a higher incidence of time and temperature abuse. However, these factors did not lead to greater modeled V. parahaemolyticus risks. Participants in both direct and intermediated supply chains were aware of the importance of traceability and felt uniformly positive about their ability to perform recalls. A common concern was the speed of government-imposed recalls, which can be declared by regulators after the affected live oysters are consumed. Members of these supply chains play different roles in maintaining the cold chain, possess different levels of information related to traceability, and describe different levels of trust with other supply chain actors. This paper contributes to a growing body of knowledge on supply chains for seafood and their critical, and sometimes overlooked, role in larger food systems.

Assessing risk in different types of supply chains with a dynamic fault tree

Supply chain risk analysis is an important field in operations management and logistics. Identifying those risks, assessing the probability of those risks, and understanding how those risks change if mitigation strategies are implemented contribute to better supply chain risk management. Reliability analysis has a long tradition of assessing the probability of failure, and fault trees are typically used to understand how the failure of individual components can lead to system failure within an engineered system. More recently, fault trees have been proposed to assess the probability of a supply chain failure. Dynamic fault trees, which are relatively new in reliability analysis, model the dependency among possible component failure and how these probabilities change over time. This paper applies dynamic fault trees to model supply chain risk for different types of supply chains. The dynamic fault tree allows a firm to model complex interactions among suppliers and understand how those interactions impact its risk. The model incorporates an information system that relays information about the status of suppliers to the firm, and this information system could also fail. A Markov chain model and Monte Carlo simulation are used to numerically assess supply chain risk as modeled by these dynamic fault trees.

Information disclosure structure in supply chains with rental service platforms in the blockchain technology era

In platform operations for rental services, product information disclosure (supported by the blockchain technology) is critical to attract customers. We build a stylized duopoly model to analyze the product-information-disclosure Nash game between two rental service platforms whose products-to-rent are substituble. We derive the equilibrium level of product information disclosure and identify conditions under which the platforms choose to disclose or not to disclose information, which correspond to different types of supply chains. For the basic model, we find that there exists a critical threshold on the information-sensitive consumers which helps each platform decide whether or not to disclose product information. If the information auditing cost is sufficiently small, both platforms should disclose the product information as much as possible. For products with higher profit margin, both platforms are more likely to disclose information. We also explore the impacts of product information disclosure on the consumer surplus and seller benefits, and discuss the roles played by the blockchain technology. To check robustness of the results as well as to examine different supply chain configurations, we extend the analysis to the cases including (i) the platforms are risk averse in decision making, (ii) rather than selling the product, the seller (owner of the product) consigns the product to the platform and shares a revenue, and (iii) rather than two competing platforms, there is a common rental service platform providing service for two substitutable products. We find that the core insights remain valid in all the extended models. Managerial implications are discussed.

Closed-Loop Supply Chain Planning Model of Rare Metals

Rare metals (RMs) are becoming increasingly important in high-tech industries associated with the Fourth Industrial Revolution, such as the electric vehicle (EV) and 3D printer industries. As the growth of these industries accelerates in the near future, manufacturers will also face greater RM supply risks. For this reason, many countries are putting considerable effort into securing the RM supply. For example, countries including Japan, Korea, and the USA have adopted two major policies: the stockpile system and Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR). Therefore, it is necessary for the manufacturers with RMs to establish a suitable supply chain plan that reflects this situation. In this study, the RM classification matrix is created based on the stockpile and recycling level in Korea. Accordingly, three different types of supply chain are designed in order to develop the closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) planning model of RM, and the CLSC planning models of RM are validated through experimental analysis. The results show that the stockpiling and the EPR recycling obligation increase the amount of recycled flow and reduce the total cost of the part manufacturing, which means that these two factors are significant for obtaining sustainability of the RMs’ CLSC. In addition, the government needs to set an appropriate sharing cost for promoting the manufacturer’s recycling. Also, from the manufacturer’s perspective, it is better to increase the return rate by making a contract with the collectors to guarantee the collection of used products.

Business process improvement in e-supply chains

The development of a model to improve business processes in e-supply chains involves the use of a process approach to and a methodology for information systems development and includes the definition of the requirement, logical key process modeling with the defined information flow within the logical subsystem, logical data modeling, the logical network and data distribution modeling, and the logical interface modeling in order to meet different users' needs. In doing so, a variety of methods and techniques for the different development stages of management information systems are used, namely: the business process management, the business process performance management and the analytic hierarchy process as a method for multiple-criteria decision making. This paper analyzes business processes and different types of supply chains in the automotive industry, as the representative of complex systems. Based on the selected key business processes and key performance indicators of business processes, the analytic hierarchy process model is developed, followed by their optimization. The result is the management information system model intended to improve the key business processes in e-supply chains. The research results show that the performance improvement of business processes in e-supply chains, the application of the model to improve the key business processes and the application of Web-based information and communication solutions affect the efficiency and quality of e-supply chains.

Coordination of Advertising Free Riding in Hybrid Channel Supply Chain

Advertising is a crucial tool for demand creation and market expansion; enterprises in supply chain use it widely to increase sales and improve profits. But the homogeneity of products sold in hybrid channel supply chain magnifies the positive externalities of advertising and leads to serious free-riding problem. To coordinate the supply chain effectively, firstly, this paper classifies hybrid channel supply chain based on the relationship between members and selects horizontally integrated, vertically integrated, and decentralized hybrid channel supply chains as research objects. Then, a demand function considering the common effect of price and advertising is proposed and coordination schemes for different types of supply chains are designed. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed to assess the impact of parameters on coordination using orthogonal experiment.

Projeto de cadeia de suprimentos ágeis e verdes: estudos exploratórios em uma empresa de bens de consumo não duráveis

Resumo Novas tendências em gestão da cadeia de suprimentos têm fomentado grandes discussões na área, incluindo os paradigmas de alinhamento dinâmico e de gestão sustentável de cadeias. O primeiro prega que se deve gerenciar dinamicamente diferentes tipologias de cadeias (e.g. totalmente flexíveis, ágeis, enxutas e de reabastecimento contínuo) a fim de responder adequadamente a comportamentos específicos dos clientes. O segundo preconiza que o projeto e a gestão dessas cadeias devem considerar questões ambientais e sociais, em complementação aos aspectos econômicos. Recentemente, alguns autores têm combinado essas tendências em um novo modelo conceitual visando melhor gerenciar trade-offs de sustentabilidade quando do projeto de cadeias de suprimentos. O objetivo deste trabalho é testar algumas das hipóteses levantadas por tal modelo em cadeias ágeis. Por meio de simulações em uma multinacional de bens de consumo não duráveis, foi possível verificar que o modelo proposto possui coerência e potencial para ajudar as empresas a projetar cadeias ágeis e verdes.

A review of supply chain complexity drivers

Studies on supply chain complexity mainly use the static and dynamic complexity distinction. While static complexity describes the structure of the supply chain, the number and the variety of its components and strengths of interactions between these; the dynamic complexity represents the uncertainty in the supply chain and involves the aspects of time and randomness. This distinction is also valid when classifying the drivers of supply chain complexity according to the way they are generated. Supply chain complexity drivers (e.g., number/variety of suppliers, number/variety of customers, number/variety of interactions, conflicting policies, demand amplification, differing/conflicting/non-synchronized decisions and actions, incompatible IT systems) play a significant and varying role in dealing with complexity of the different types of supply chains (e.g., food, chemical, electronics, automotive).This paper reviews the typical complexity drivers that are faced in different types of supply chains and presents the complexity driver and solution strategy pairings, in the form of a matrix. Drivers and strategies are extracted from real-life supply chain situations gathered from multiple existing sources; such as reports, archives, observations, interviews. The synthesis of good practices would assist decision-makers in formulating appropriate strategies to deal with complexity in their supply chains.

Identifying and Categorizing the Sources of Uncertainty in Construction Supply Chains

Uncertainty affecting operations has long been recognized by researchers as a major obstacle to the delivery of customer value in supply chains. While it has been acknowledged that different types of supply chain have different uncertainty profiles, there is little academic literature addressing the particular uncertainties relating to engineer-to-order (ETO) supply chains in which each product is designed for the needs of a specific customer. The key research question addressed in this paper is how the substantive sources of project uncertainty in construction supply chains can be identified and categorized. A three-phase framework for the identification and categorization of uncertainty is proposed. The empirical investigation reported in this paper demonstrates how the framework may be applied to a group of ETO projects. Using multiple data collection methods, including site visits, interviews, and industry workshops, the uncertainties in five projects are identified and categorized using the framework to demonstrate its application. The framework thereby established is generalized to cover a range of construction projects.

Integration of 2D codes in Paper and Board Packaging – Reproduction and Readability

KCPK is running an initiative called SSK, or Smart and Slim Supply Chains, dealing with bio-based packaging and innovations for making overall supply chains smarter and slimmer. SSK initiative covers the full trajectory from production, through distribution to the consumer. SSK focuses towards four different types of supply chains and several types of printed intelligence, with 2D codes included.2D codes are a kind of 2D matrix symbology which, when compared to 1D or barcodes, have specific advantages that enable novel and extended opportunities of use. In 2D codes, data is encoded in both the height and width of the symbol, so large amount of information can be encoded in smaller footprint. 2D codes can be read in any direction. Some 2D codes provide readability of (up to 30%) obscured and/or damaged symbols, as well. Most known 2D codes are QR and Datamatrix, and other open and proprietary types exist. Other than for logistics and part marking, 2D codes are nowadays also more used in print to web, marketing and added-value applications. The aim of this paper is to investigate the application of 2D codes in bio-based packaging. Solid board is used as a specific example of such packaging. Direct printing of 2D codes, using digital printing techniques, is studied in terms of influence of material and process characteristics on achieved print quality reproduction and readability.

Services for distribution of tissue engineering products and therapies

Purpose – Tissue engineering (TE) offers treatments for chronic, life threatening, degenerative illnesses and possibilities for restoring cellular or organ functions that have been lost due to injuries or hereditary conditions. However, a prerequisite for the use of TE products as part of future therapies is the development of strategies for safe and efficient supply chain management and versatile services spanning from product development to a follow‐up period of possibly decades. The present study aims to explore the future needs for services and extended supply chains for safe delivery of health care, procurement, distribution and long‐term follow‐up of TE products and therapies.Design/methodology/approach – Studies in operational disciplines and coordination systems for different types of supply chains and service networks are used to formulate a framework for developing services throughout product lifecycle. Case examples of TE products are presented to demonstrate complexity, microbial risks, servic...

Linking products with supply chains: testing Fisher's model

PurposeThe paper seeks to test the relationships among product design and supply chain design, with specific reference to the product‐supply chain model by Fisher.Design/methodology/approachAn extensive empirical survey with data from 128 companies; the approach is basically theory testing, in that it investigates an existing framework, and discusses extensions.FindingsSignificant relationships are found between product types and supply chain types, as well as concerning the impact of alignment on performance.Research limitations/implicationsInstead of treating the supply chain characteristics associated with different supply chain types as either/or choices, some companies select properties from both supply chain types in order to gain additional benefits. This creates a supply chain frontier of physical efficiency and market responsiveness; a concept that deserves further attention by researchers. A limitation is that it would be interesting to perform a longitudinal study.Practical implicationsDifferent product types call for different types of supply chains. Alignment between the type of product and the type of supply chain is important, and significant for delivery speed, delivery dependability, and cost performance.Originality/valueThis research empirically tests a model that has received considerable attention in the research literature as well as acting as guidelines in practice, but that has not been tested explicitly before.

Relationships among TPL providers and members of supply chains – a strategic perspective

Outsourcing of logistics services has increased rapidly during the last few years. Accordingly, third‐party logistics and supply chain management as a research phenomenon has gained increased attention from academia. However, a strategic view focusing on the relationship between supply chain management and third‐party logistics service strategies has gained little attention. This paper focuses on alternative supply chain strategies and their relationship to different types of third‐party logistics services. A normative framework for organizing these relationships is developed. The strategic view adopted in this paper fills a gap in the understanding of how third‐party logistics providers should offer their services more effectively and efficiently to different types of supply chains.