Different Types Of Supplements Research Articles

Pilot study of dietary supplement consumption by elderly people

Introduction: Diet affects the proper function of human body and plays an important role in the preventionof many diseases. In the elderly, some body functions, including nutrition, are impaired, so it is important toconsider dietary supplements at this time. Consumption of dietary supplements by the elderly has becomecommon in recent years. In addition, the global ageing process has accelerated significantly in recent decades.Currently, on the food market, there are many dietary supplements dedicated to the elderly. Manufacturersof these products are able to perfectly recognize the special nutritional needs of the elderly, which results inthe creation of new lines of modern products.Objective: The purpose of the study was to analyse the use of dietary supplements administered in theelderly, improvement of seniors’ knowledge on dietary supplements and investigation of their awarenessabout the risks associated with such products.Methods: The study was conducted by questionnaire method among 302 elderly people in two provincesof Poland. Additionally, dietary supplements offered at various retail outlets were reviewed (53), as well aspublic warnings published by the Chief Sanitary Inspectorate in Poland that addressed the risks with dietarysupplements (10).Results: The questionnaire was completed by 302 respondents (217 females, 85 males). The age of therespondents was distributed as follows: 32.45% aged 65–74, 44. % aged 75–79, 23.17% aged ≥80. Dietarysupplements consumed by seniors or widely offered in the food market mainly include ingredients asfollows: plant preparations, vitamins and minerals, electrolytes. Significantly more women have been takingdietary supplements (72%), compared to men (36%). Simultaneous administration of two or more productswas declared by 71.9% of respondents. Unfortunately, only 21% of respondents recognized any risks ofconsuming dietary supplements.Conclusion: The use of dietary supplements among elderly people has definitely increased lately. Thequestionnaire shows that approximately 86% of respondents have consumed dietary supplements at leastonce in their life, while 14% of respondents have never used these products. The survey demonstrates thatthere is a need of the continued education of the elderly about dietary supplementation and the dangers ofuncontrolled consumption of different types of supplements.

Changes of microbiome in response to supplements with silver nanoparticles in cotton rhizosphere.

The current study focuses on analyzing the effects of supplements containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on plant growth and rhizospheric bacterial communities. Specifically, the impact of AgNP supplements was assessed on both plant growth promoting traits and bacterial communities in the soil. To do this, a screening process was conducted to select bacteria capable of synthesizing AgNPs through extracellular biosynthesis. UV-Visible spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and field emission scanning electron microscopy all confirmed, produced AgNPs is in agglomerates form. The resulting AgNPs were introduced into soil along with various supplements and their effects were evaluated after 10 days using next generation sequencing (Illumina-16S rDNA V3-V4 region dependent) to analyze changes in bacterial communities. Seed germination, root-shoot biomass and chlorophyll content were used to assess the growth of the cotton plant, whereas the bacterial ability to promote growth was evaluated by measuring its culturable diversity including traits like phosphate solubilization and indole acetic acid production. The variance in Bray-Curtis β diversity among six selected combinations including control depends largely on the type of added supplements contributing to 95%-97% of it. Moreover, seed germination improves greatly between 63% and 100% at a concentration range of 1.4 to 2.8 mg/L with different types of supplements. Based on the results obtained through this study, it is evident that using AgNPs along with fructose could be an effective tool for promoting Gossypium hirsutum growth and enhancing plant growth traits like profiling rhizospheric bacteria. The results that have been obtained endorse the idea of boosting the growth of rhizospheric bacteria in a natural way when AgNPs are present. Using these supplements in fields that have been contaminated will lead to a better understanding of how ecological succession occurs among rhizospheric bacteria, and what effect it has on the growth of plants.

Pattern of medicine consumption by the medical students for preventive purpose of COVID- 19: A multicenter study.

Background: From the beginning of pandemic situation people used to buy, hoard and take different types of medication for the hope of prevention of covid 19. This horrible pandemic situation make people more prone to take medication even antibiotic and more dependent on less reliable sources such as social and digital media for medicine-related information which is mostly observed in developing country. So we have conducted a study to detect the pattern of medicine taken by medical students for preventing purpose of Covid 19. Method: This is a cross sectional, multi centered questionnaire study conducted among medical students during the period of July 2021 to December 2021. Results: In total 425 medical students responded to the questionnaire, in which 17.4% students took Ivermectin. 12.5% respondents experienced adverse drug reactions due to Ivermectin. Approximately half of the respondent (52.47%) consumed Vitamin C and 46.35% received zinc for prevention of COVID 19. 15.52% respondents received Vitamin B and 16.70% received Combination of Vitamin B and zinc. 34.11% respondents took Vitamin D3, among them most of them (49.65%) took 20,000IU. Calcium and combination of Calcium plus Vitamin D also consumed by the respondent (36%) for the preventive goal. Antibiotic also consumed by the respondent (18.1%) for the preventive ground. Conclusion: The study revealed that more or less many respondents took different medicine and supplements for the purpose of survival from COVID -19. Different types of supplements, Ivermectin, and even antibiotic were consumed before vaccine have arrived and those could cause deleterious health effects, unknown drug-drug interaction by their irrational use. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.13(2) July 2022: 42-51

Usage of nutritional supplements and its side effects among gym goers in Pune

Nutritional supplements have always been a point of attractionfor physically active people. These have improved exercise performance,increased muscular strength, weight gain or weight loss,etc. The irrational use of supplements has led to various side effectsassociated with them. There is a shortage of evidence suggestingthe usage and knowledge regarding the consumption ofdietary supplements. A cross-sectional study was conducted witha 121 sample size randomly chosen from 5 different zones of thecity. A structured questionnaire was designed to collect informationwherein participants reported their demographics, physical activity,supplement usage patterns, source of information, and side effects.Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, was used with p<0.05 as significant.Samples used different dosages, forms, brands, and accessto supplements. The participants coming to the gym for moreextended periods were likely to consume supplements in higherdosages (p = 0.020). Protein powder was consumed by 97.5% ofthe samples. There was a significant association between differenttypes of supplements across gender, age group, and period of exercisingin the gym. Side effects such as cramps (p = 0.015) andnausea were significantly associated with high dosages of supplementconsumption. The majority of them (51.2%) took advice fromtrainers. Only 9.9% consulted dieticians. Individuals consumed supplementswithout the guidance of any health professionals, whichwas predisposing them to various side effects. This reflects a lackof knowledge and awareness of supplement usage and highlightseducating various stakeholders and gym-goers.

Terminação de bovinos da raça Nelore com diferentes suplementações em sistema a pasto

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho, o rendimento de carcaça e os índices econômicos de diferentes tipos de suplementação na terminação de bovinos da raça Nelore criados em sistema a pasto. Foram utilizados 34 bovinos, com peso médio de 480,4±34,6 kg, submetidos a dois tratamentos, animais alimentados com suplemento proteico-energético e alimentados apenas com suplementação energética, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, onde cada animal foi considerado uma repetição experimental. Com relação ao desempenho foram avaliados o consumo de matéria seca em valor absoluto e em relação ao peso, o ganho de peso total, o ganho de peso diário, o peso final, o peso da carcaça quente e o rendimento de carcaça. Para a obtenção dos índices econômicos foram gerados a receita da comercialização e o lucro líquido por animal a partir dos dados de desempenho e de preços de comercialização. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e para as medias aplicado o teste F. Houve diferença para o ganho médio diário e o ganho total de peso. Os animais que receberam o suplemento energético tiveram maior ganho médio diário (1,422 kg/dia) em comparação aos animais que receberam o suplemento proteico-energético (0,940 kg/dia), o que refletiu em maior peso final, porém a lucratividade foi semelhante (R$ 170,23 e R$ 149,53 por animal). Com relação às demais variáveis não houve efeito das diferentes suplementações. Portanto, o retorno econômico, em relação ao investimento nutricional na terminação de bovinos da raça Nelore criados a pasto é semelhante entre a suplementação proteico-energética e energética.

Supplementation strategies and their effects on ewes colostrum and milk compositions in the initial third lactation period

The objective of this study was to analyze colostrum and milk compositions of ewes kept in pasture receiving different types/levels of supplementation and to analyze milk composition variation throughout the initial third lactation period. After confirmation of pregnancy, 54 ewes were kept in pasture and supplemented from the final third of gestation until weaning with multiple mixture or concentrate (0.4% or 0.8% of body weight). Milk collections were carried out in the postpartum period to collect colostrum (day 0), and on the seventh, 14th, 21st and 28th milking days. Samples were obtained by manual milking and analyzed for protein, fat, casein, lactose, total solids and defatted dry extract. No effects from the different types of supplementation were observed on the colostrum composition or in relation to milk composition. An effect of supplementation was only found for lactose contents, which were higher for animals that consumed a higher level of supplementation. In relation to the milking days, a linear decrease in protein, casein, total solids and defatted dry extract contents was observed between the seventh and the 28th day of lactation. No interaction between type of supplementation and the milking days was observed. The different types of supplementation did not alter the colostrum composition of Santa Inês crossbred ewes, however they had an influence on milk composition. Protein, casein, total solids and defatted dry extract decrease linearly between the seventh and the 28th day of lactation.

Oksidacioni stres tokom aerobne i anaerobne fizičke aktivnosti

Physical activity is a process followed by various physiological and biochemical changes, such as increased metabolic activity, oxygen and energy consumption. All these changes can result with increased free radical production and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress affects cellular homeostasis and lead to oxidative damage of structural biomolecules (lipids, proteins and DNA), which can further result with muscle damage, pain, fatigue and decrease in overall achievement. The aim of this review is to summarize some knowledge about: process of free radical production during different types of physical activities (aerobic and anaerobic); oxidative stress and oxidative damage; different types of supplementation in order to enhance anti-oxidative system and lower oxidative stress during physical activity.

Fortified food supplementation in children with reduced dietary energy and micronutrients intake in Southern Mexico

BackgroundNutritional supplements are an important source of complementary food for young children, since they may either complement or substitute nutrients obtained from other food sources. Assessing how the introduction of different types of supplements modifies the consumption of other food sources may help in designing supplementation programs that aim to improve the nutrition of vulnerable populations.The objetive is to quantify dietary energy and nutrient intake among children aged 6–12 months who received one of three nutritional supplements.MethodsA cluster-randomized trial was conducted from 2005 to 2007. Urban communities were randomly allocated to one of three intervention groups receiving one of the following: a milk-based fortified food, micronutrient powders, or syrup. Each supplement was fortified with equal amounts of micronutrients. Dietary intake was estimated using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to reflect the average consumption over the month prior to the interview. Children between 6 and 12 months of age were recruited. Median regression was performed with adjusted standard errors for clustered data, and the linear predictors for the median included the study group, study stage and their interaction. Adjusted medians by study group and study stage were obtained as post-estimations.ResultsNo statistically significant differences between study groups were observed at baseline. After four months of supplementation, the children in the fortified food group had a smaller increase in median dietary energy (183.7 kcal, CI95%: 59.9, 307.5) and dietary protein (6.6 g, CI95%: 2.6, 10.6) intake from their home diet than those in the syrup group (p < 0.05). These differences remained significant after adjusting for group differences at baseline. Regarding covariate-adjusted median changes from baseline to follow-up at 10 months, the children in the fortified food group had a smaller median increase in dietary energy intake than those in the syrup group (698 vs 915 kcal), with a difference of 217.9 kcal (CI95%: 20.4, 415.4).ConclusionChildren in the fortified food group consumed less dietary energy, protein, and micronutrients than those in the micronutrient powder and syrup groups. It is possible that absolute nutrient intake may be overestimated by the FFQ, but this possibility does not compromise the ability to compare study groups. Given the observed differences in dietary energy consumption among the three supplemented groups, it can be concluded that supplementation with micronutrient powders is an adequate option for urban children who have met their minimum energy and protein requirements.

Optimization on Fermentation Process of Protein Concentrate of Jatropha Seed Cake with N Sources and Minerals Supplementation

The objective of this research is to produce alternative food sources of protein by optimizing the potential of jatropha curcas which is agroindustry waste. This study is planned in two years and is a series of jatropha seed exploration through fermentation using Lactobacillus acidophilus. Specific targets in the first year of study were to assess the optimization of the fermentation process by supplementing the source of N soybean meal and fish meal. Experiments using Completely Randomized Design (RAL) factorial pattern with first factor was supplementation (F) and second factor was incubation time (W), fermentation optimization consisted of: F1 (F0 + 2.5% soybean meal flour), F2 (F0 + 2.5% fish meal), F3 (F1 + 0.45% Dicalsium Phosphat) and F4 (F2 + 0.45% Dicalsium Phosphat). The incubation time is differentiated W1: 3 days, W2: 5 days and W3: 7 days. It can be concluded that: dry matter, gross energy, calcium and phospor are influenced by interaction between type of supplementation of source of N + DCP with fermentation time, whereas fat content is only influenced by fermentation time with optimal time decrease of fat content is 5,92 days. Total protein and amino acid levels are only influenced by different types of supplementation. Phorbolester antinutrition levels are influenced by the duration of the fermentation. Based on antinutritive as a limiting factor. F4W5 is the best treatment and can used as a feed ingredient.

Use of dietary supplements among Brazilian athletes

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the prevalence and establish the profile of the consumption of dietary supplements among Brazilian athletes. Methods: A total of 182 athletes of both genders from 20 different sports participated in this study. The athletes answered a questionnaire containing sociodemographic and sports-related questions and were interviewed about the consumption of dietary supplements. Results: Forty seven percent of athletes reported having consumed at least one type of dietary supplement and 38% said they use more than three different types of supplements concurrently. Whey protein was the most commonly consumed supplement, and the most frequently mentioned reason for its consumption was performance improvement. The main source of information was coaches, and individual sport athletes were the greatest consumers and the most likely to seek dietary supplement. Conclusion: Approximately half of the participants used dietary supplements, which on most occasions were recommended by coaches. The consumption profile also revealed multiple supplementation practice and showed that nutrition education is essential for this specific population.

Chemical composition and in vitro gas production of fermented cassava pulp with different types of supplements

ABSTRACTThe effect of different additives on chemical composition, in vitro gas production and dry matter (DM) disappearance of cassava pulp was investigated. The experiment used the completely randomized design with 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with control. The control treatment was cassava pulp fermentation without any supplementation. Factor A was a type of microbes including yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or a mixture of microbes (effective microorganisms (EM)), factor B was supplementation of molasses and urea (MU), and factor C was supplementation of a mixture of exogenous enzyme. It was found that the interaction between factors A and C was significant for crude protein (CP), non-protein nitrogen and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) contents. MU supplementation increased the CP content of fermented cassava pulp; however, EM and MU addition resulted in a significantly lower NSC and higher neutral detergent fibre fractions than the control. The supplementation showed higher gas production when compared with un-supplemented group, particularly when MU were added. However, DM disappearance was not affected by type of microbe, urea–molasses addition or exogenous enzyme supplement. Thus, the nutritive value of fermented cassava pulp with yeast and EM was improved by MU supplementation but not by exogenous enzyme addition.

Vitamin D Daily short-term Supplementation does not Affect Glycemic Outcomes of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

There is currently insufficient evidence of a beneficial effect to recommend vitamin D supplementation for optimizing glycemic status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Taking into consideration the significant extra-skeletal effect of vitamin D on pancreatic β-cell function and insulin secretion and the large number of scientific evidence supporting the inverse association between vitamin D status and hyperglycemia, this review article aims to examine whether vitamin D supplementation therapies are beneficial to patients with T2DM considering specific factors through randomized controlled trials (RCTs). EBSCOhost and Medline databases were searched from the beginning of 2009 until the end of 2014 for RCTs in patients with T2DM. Parameters, such as baseline vitamin D levels, frequency/dosage of supplementation, length of the study and type of supplementation, were independently assessed, based on their effect on glycemic status. Although all different types of supplementation were safe and effective in the achievement of vitamin D sufficiency in a dose-dependent way, the impact on glycemic status was different. 14 RCTs were included with daily supplementations ranging from 400-11.200 IU/daily, 40.000-50.000 IU/weekly and 100.000-300.000 IU/intramuscularly or once given, for a period from 8 to 24 weeks. Daily supplementation of vitamin D (up to 11.200 IU) showed no effect, whereas combined supplementation, with calcium (≥300 mg), and with vitamin D doses similar to the RDA, showed positive effects. Additionally, high weekly doses of vitamin D (40.000-50.000 IU) were effective on glycemic outcomes but available data are limited.

Utilization of Nutritional Supplements among Triathletes in Taiwan

Triathlon competitions are rapidly growing around the world, but there is a lack of information regarding the intake of nutritional supplements by triathletes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the types of nutritional supplements, information sources and reasons to intake the supplement by players. Survey data were collected from 233 triathletes (157 Sprint, 57 Olympic and 19 Elite), who participated in 2013 Ilan Plum Blossom Lake Triathlon Competition. Our data showed that 35.2% of the participants having more than NT$ 50,000 income per month. Among the different types of supplements, sport drink was the most commonly consumed nutritional supplements. The rate of energy bar consumed by elites was lower than that in Sprint or rest of the groups during competition. The consumption of powder and capsules in Sprint was lower compared to the other groups. The major reasons for nutritional supplements intake were to provide the enough nutrition, reduce fatigue and improve performance. Elite group had higher demand rate of increasing energy and less fatigue compared to other groups. Sprint group had lower demand rate of performance improvement, training effect improvement and increasing immune function compared to other groups. The information sources for nutritional supplements intake were mainly from friends (57.9%), advertisement (31.3%), coach/trainer (26.2%) and peer (24.9%) for all athletes. In particular to groups, 78.9% from coach/trainer in elite group; and 56.1% and 66.7% from friends in Sprint and Olympic groups respectively. These results provide information for triathletes-related practitioners and nutritional supplement supplier.

Carcass characteristics of Santa Inês lambs finished on native pasture and subjected to different types of supplementation

This study aimed to evaluate the biometric measurements and characteristics of the carcass and retail cuts of 24 Santa Ines whole lambs finished in native pasture with different supplements. The animals were divided into four experimental diets: 200 g/day of a protein-energy supplement plus sodium chloride; 200 g/day of the protein-energy-mineral supplement; 300 g/day of the protein-energy-mineral supplement and 300 g/day of the protein-energy-min supplement without manganese. A complete randomized experimental design with four treatments and six replications was used. The supplements did not influence the biometric measurements, body score, slaughter weight, loss by cooling, weight of the half carcass, hot carcass yield, cold carcass yield or the biological yield and weight of retail cuts from the Santa Ines lambs. The weights of hot and cold carcass, empty body, gastrointestinal-tract contents and leg of the lambs that received 300 g/day of supplement without manganese were higher than those of lambs that received 200 g/day of supplement. The energetic protein-mineral supplementation systems evaluated were effective in obtaining quality carcasses under finishing recommendations of Santa Ines sheep on native pasture with an initial weight of approximately 19.9 kg and slaughtered at 200 days old.

Determining and Surveying the Role of Carnitine and Folic Acid to Decrease Fatigue in β-Thalassemia Minor Subjects

Beta-thalassemia minor (BTM) patients usually experience fatigue, bone pain complaint, and muscle weakness. Carnitine is an essential protein for transportation of long-chain fatty acids to the matrix for beta-oxidation. BTM patients have abnormally low plasma carnitine concentrations, which results in deficient ATP production. Carnitine and folic acid together may have a role in preventing bone pain complaint and fatigue in these patients. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of carnitine and folic acid supplementation in subjects with BTM. Seventy three BTM (mean age 11.06 ± 5.46 years) and 23 healthy controls (mean age 8.48 ± 3.78 years) were enrolled in the study. Fasting blood was drawn to determine baseline free and total carnitine levels, red blood cell folate concentration, and hemoglobin level. BTM were divided into three groups and received different types of supplementation for 3 months: Group 1, 50 mg/kg/day carnitine; Group 2, 50 mg/kg/day carnitine plus 1 mg/day folic acid; and Group 3, 1 mg/day folic acid. Controls did not receive supplementation. Laboratory parameters were again evaluated after 3 months’ supplementation. A detailed quality of life questionnaire was designed to investigate muscle symptoms before and after supplementation. Free and total plasma carnitine concentration and hemoglobin levels in BTM subjects increased significantly after carnitine supplementation (P < .0001). Bone pain complaint and muscle weakness decreased with carnitine. Red blood cell folate level increased after folic acid supplementation. Carnitine and folic acid supplementation resulted in a decrease in bone pain complaint and muscle weakness in cases with β-thalassemia minor.

Sociodemographic, health and lifestyle characteristics reported by discrete groups of adult dietary supplement users in Alberta, Canada: findings from The Tomorrow Project

To determine the extent to which differences in sociodemographic, dietary and lifestyle characteristics exist between users of different types of dietary supplements and supplement non-users. We analysed cross-sectional data obtained from self-administered questionnaires completed at baseline by participants in The Tomorrow Project; a prospective cohort study in Alberta, Canada. Participants who used at least one type of dietary supplement at least weekly in the year prior to questionnaire completion were defined as supplement users, while the remainder were classified as non-users. Seven discrete user categories were created: multivitamins (+/- minerals) only, specific nutritional supplements only, herbal/other supplements only, and all possible combinations. Differences in sociodemographic, dietary and lifestyle characteristics between different groups of supplement users and non-users were analysed using Rao-Scott chi2 tests and multinomial logistic regression. Subjects were 5,067 men and 7,439 women, aged 35-69 years, recruited by random digit dialling throughout Alberta. Supplement use was extensive in this study population (69.8 %). Users of herbal/other supplements only, and women who used multivitamins only, tended to report dietary and lifestyle characteristics that were not significantly different from non-users. In contrast, those who reported using a combination of multivitamins, specific nutritional and herbal/other supplements were more likely than non-users to report behaviours and characteristics consistent with current health guidelines. Dichotomizing participants as supplement users or non-users is likely to mask further differences in sociodemographic, dietary and lifestyle characteristics among users of different types of supplements. This may have implications for analysis and interpretation of observational studies.

142 PLGF Expression By Tumor Stromal Cells Is Induced Via Tumor Cell-Tumor Stromal Crosstalk and Substantially Contributes to Tumor Growth

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistant strains of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) have been increasing in the United States and Europe, which may account for constant decreasing eradication rates reported in the literature (most recent trials reported eradication rate as low as 57-73% for 7-day triple therapy and 67-79% for 10 day triple therapy (Gastroenterology 2007;113:985-1001). The common methods to test chemosusceptibility are agar dilution, disk diffusion and the E-Test, that consist of performing the test on culture agar-based media with different types of supplements. All these methods require from 7-14 days obtaining results. Recently a 20 hours Elisa chemosusceptibility rapid test for H. pylori has been patented by Alma Mater Studio rum, University of Bologna (PCT/IT2007/000270) not based on DNA amplification, that reduce the time required from the 7-14 days to 20-24 hours. AIM: To assess the accuracy of the new “20 hours Elisa chemosusceptibility rapid test for H. pylori” compared to a gold standard (agar dilution method). METHODS: One hundred-five out of 115 H. pylori positive biopsies were tested for chemosusceptibility to Clarithromycin (≥ 1 micro/ml) Metronidazole (≥ 8 micro/ml) by the gold standard and by the new 20 hours Elisa chemosusceptibility rapid test for H. pylori (PCT/IT2007/000270). RESULTS: According to chemosusceptibility to clarithromycin, 75 sensitive cultures and 30 resistant cultures have been identified with the gold standard. Taking the new method into consideration, all 75 have been sensitive (sensitivity of the method 100%), while 28 out of 30 have been identified as resistant, and two have been falsely sensitive (method specificity 93.3%). According to chemosusceptibility to metronidazole, 68 sensitive cultures and 37 resistant cultures have been identified with gold standard. Taking the new method into consideration, 63 have been sensitive and 5 falsely resistant (method sensitivity 92.6%), while 32 out of 37 have been identified as resistant, and 5 have been falsely sensitive (method specificity 86.5%). CONSLUSION: A new simple rapid test for susceptibility of antibiotics against H pylori has been validated which is simple to perform, reduce the incubation time from 14 days to 20 hours and does not need molecular biology techniques.

Modificaciones en el perfil lipídico tras el consumo regular de conservas de pescado. Influencia de la adición de isoflavonas, ácidos grasos omega-3 y fitoesteroles

Changes in dietary habits are associated with an improvement of lipid profile. We decided to assess changes in lipid profile reached with a dietary enrichment with canned tuna in olive oil and compared them with those reached with canned tuna with additional supplementation. In a prospective, randomized, single blind study, 400 participants were assigned to a daily intake of canned tuna in olive oil alone (control group) or enriched with: isoflavones, omega-3 fatty acids of phytosterols, during three months. Plasmatic lipid levels were measured before and after intervention. Changes of lipid levels between basal and final visits and differences between the 4 types of supplementations were evaluated. The mean age of the study population was 53 years, 45% of them being males. In all 4 groups a significant reduction of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol ratio was observed after 3 months of follow-up; there were no significant changes of triglycerides nor HDL-cholesterol levels. The comparison between different types of supplementation revealed that only phytosterols addition reached a greater reduction of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels than canned tuna in olive oil alone (p < 0.05), and the differences between the remaining 2 supplementations and the control group were not significant. Regular intake of enrichment with canned tuna supplementation is associated with improvement of lipid profile. The addition of isoflavones, omega-3 fatty acids or phytosterols supplementations increases fish consume effect, although only the enrichment with phytosterols reaches significantly better results.

Method for the Determination of β-Carotene in Supplements and Raw Materials by Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography: Single Laboratory Validation

Abstract A single laboratory validation (SLV) study was conducted for a liquid chromatography (LC) method for the determination of total and all-trans-β-carotene in a variety of dietary supplements, including multivitamin tablets, softgels, capsules, and beadlet raw materials. Extraction variants were developed for the different types of supplements tested based upon the supplement type and level of β-carotene. Water dispersible formulations such as powders, emulsions, tablets, and capsules were enzymatically digested with protease and extracted with dichloromethane–ethanol. Oily suspensions were directly dissolved in dichloromethane–ethanol. After appropriate dilution or concentration, the extracts were chromatographed by using either a reversed-phase C18 column or, in products containing high amounts of α-carotene, a reversed-phase C30 column. The LC systems provided linear responses in the range of 0.1–50 μg β-carotene/mL. The main geometrical isomers of β-carotene (all-trans, 9-cis, 13-cis, and 15-cis) were well separated from each other and from other carotenoids such as α-carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene, and zeaxanthin. Duplicate determinations of total β-carotene performed by 2 technicians in 8 different test materials on 5 different days resulted in relative standard deviations of 1.2–4.4%. Recoveries determined for supplements and beadlet raw material spiked with β-carotene levels of 10 μg to 100 mg/test portion and 0.2–40%, respectively, ranged from 97.5 to 102.1%. On the basis of the accuracy, precision, and recovery results from the SLV study, the method is suggested for a collaborative study on the determination of total and all-trans-β-carotene in dietary supplements.

Nutritional supplements: vitamins, minerals and amino acids in type 2 diabetes

Nutritional supplements: vitamins, minerals and amino acids in type 2 diabetes