Different Types Of Social Capital Research Articles

Social Capital and Cross-Border Venture Capital Investments in China

In the context of the Chinese market, foreign cross-border venture capitalists have devised specific strategies to mitigate the challenges associated with the liabilities of foreignness, such as risks and information asymmetry. They have strategically leveraged social capital to not only decrease investment risk but also to influence their investment preferences and behaviors. To investigate the influence of different types of social capital on the investment decisions of cross-border venture capitalists, hypotheses are proposed and tested using regression analysis. Our research reveals several key findings in this regard. Firstly, cross-border venture capitalists with a robust structural social capital network exhibit a greater propensity to invest in early-stage companies. This suggests that well-established connections and partnerships within the Chinese entrepreneurial ecosystem provide a level of comfort and confidence when investing in ventures at their infancy. Interestingly, relational and cognitive social capital, though undoubtedly valuable, do not significantly impact the decision to make early-stage investments. Furthermore, we have observed that venture capitalists with higher levels of structural and cognitive social capital are more inclined to form syndications. Collaborative partnerships and shared knowledge networks seem to be crucial factors that drive syndication decisions. Lastly, venture capitalists endowed with substantial structural and relational social capital tend to allocate larger investment amounts, signifying the influence of business or personal relationships and network connections on the scale of their investments.

Investigating the role of interpersonal relationships on low-income SUD patients’ recovery: a qualitative analysis of various stakeholders in New York state

Background While positive impacts of recovery capital and social capital in facilitating substance use disorder (SUD) recovery is increasingly documented, research has shown that low-income and marginalized individuals have lower social capital and may rely on different networks. A more comprehensive approach is needed to understand the social capital of low-income individuals with SUD and how these relationships impact their treatment and recovery. Methods Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and analyzed employing thematic analysis. Participants included individuals with SUD (n = 10), clinicians (n = 12), and policy leaders (n = 13). Results Three themes emerged: 1) Patients’ positive and negative interpersonal relationships with friends and family influenced decisions to seek treatment; 2) strong patient-provider relationships, often defined by the quality of SUD providers and treatment settings, were perceived as crucial for staying in treatment; and 3) justice involvement facilitated treatment access yet deteriorated treatment engagement. Themes emphasized social and structural factors that inhibit patients from fostering support and treatment engagement. Conclusions Our study underscores the importance of interpersonal relationships in SUD treatment-seeking and recovery and the need for positive interactions across the care continuum within broader social networks. Opportunities for positive interpersonal relationships include increasing access to language-concordant treatment; provider training to enhance cultural humility and patient-provider relationships; and mechanisms that improve interpersonal relationships between patients, parole officers, and other justice system members. Accentuating the role of interpersonal relationships and expanding social support interventions can pave the way for structural changes that improve recovery by harnessing different types of social capital.

A family-school-community partnership supporting play-based learning: A social capital perspective

This study investigates different types of social capital which are developed in play-based learning settings through a Family-School-Community partnership. Social capital is understood as the accumulated resources from existence of networks and connections with others. Data was collected through focus groups with 49 principals, senior and class teachers in Hong Kong kindergartens. Bonding social capital is formed in professional development activities among teacher groups while bridging social capital is developed through parental involvement. There is a potential for linking social capital to be mobilized through interactions between schools and community networks. Capturing such social capital could facilitate play-based learning practices.

The impacts of COVID-19 on digitalisation and social capital in crofting communities in Scotland

ABSTRACT Increasing digitalisation and access to communication technologies has arguably never been more important to rural communities than during the COVID-19 pandemic. Digitalisation assumes a distinct character when looked at through a rural lens, reliable and accessible digital tools and infrastructure having marked implications for the future of rural communities. This was especially pertinent during COVID-19 lockdowns, when in rural (as well as urban) communities there was a push to host local activities and services online. Using reflections from both in-person and online research engagements with a crofting community in the North West Highlands of Scotland, this paper reflects on how the use of digital tools can support the development of different types of social capital. Successful rural digitalisation has the potential to benefit rural crofting communities in multiple ways: e.g. by supporting rural repopulation efforts, enabling access to new digital markets to sell produce, and supporting active participation in local decision-making through online meetings. Several barriers to realising digital benefits still exist in rural regions with specific digitalisation needs and challenges. The paper reflects on empirical findings and considers the future sustainability of rural crofting communities in the post-COVID, digital age.

Resilience in later life: the impact of social exclusion on access to networks of support

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to respond to a gap in the literature around resilience in later life for older people from minority groups of identity or experience. Specifically, it argues that we need to pay greater attention to how access to different types of social capital may leave some older people more or less able to cope with adverse events and how experiences of social exclusion can limit access to important networks of support during times of crisis.Design/methodology/approachThis paper draws on research conducted to inform the resilience strategy of Greater Manchester in 2019, and specifically looked at how this strategy could better address the needs of the regions’ diverse ageing population. It used a qualitative design including focus groups with older women of Punjabi heritage living in Greater Manchester, interviews with staff from a community and voluntary organisation working with these women, and interviews with staff at an organisation supporting refugees and asylum seekers in Greater Manchester who specifically worked with older adults.FindingsThe research found that belonging to a minority group and experiences of social exclusion gave participants in this study both resources and vulnerabilities when it came to dealing with external shocks in later life. Whilst participants in this study had access to strong networks of bonding capital based on shared identity and experience, social exclusion often meant they faced barriers to accessing network of support outside of these communities.Research limitations/implicationsFindings from this study have implications for both future research and policy. In the case of the latter there are implications for those working in resilience planning in terms of how to address the needs of diverse older populations. For researchers, this paper has implications for how we understand the impacts on inequality in later life particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper lies in its consideration of the impact of inequalities and social exclusion on the resilience of older people in times of crisis. It included older people from minority groups of identity and experience addressing an important gap in the literature.

The reciprocal relationship between social capital and community development in a Korean Chinese enclave: the case of Daerim 2-dong in Seoul

ABSTRACT This study examines the relationship between social capital and community development as well as the interaction mechanism between different types of social capital in community development in a Korean-Chinese enclave in Seoul, Korea. For empirical analysis, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 community members in Daerim 2-dong, the largest Korean-Chinese enclave in Korea. The empirical analysis shows that as an input of community development, bonding, bridging, and linking capital all led to the improvement of both social and physical community environments. Furthermore, community development activities increase social capital by facilitating contact and interaction among community members. Additionally, bonding capital among the Korean Chinese was found to be a critical factor for developing bridging and linking capital in the community development process. These results suggest a two-way association between social capital and community development. Based on these findings, this study suggests that greater attention should be paid to the two-way association to promote a reciprocal relationship between social capital and community development in ethnically diverse communities. Moreover, the usefulness of bonding capital among migrants should be considered in community development.

Social capital as a network measure provides new insights on economic growth.

Unveiling the main drivers of economic growth is of paramount importance. Previous research recognizes the critical role played by the factors of production: capital and labor. However, the exact mechanisms that underpin Total Factor Productivity (TFP) are not fully understood. An increasing number of studies suggests that the creation and transmission of knowledge, factor supply and economic integration are indeed crucial. Yet, the need for a systematic and unifying framework still exists. Nowadays capital and labor are embedded into a complex network structure through global supply chains and international migration. Recent research has established a link between network centralities and different types of social capital. In this work we employ the OECD's Multi-Regional Input-Output and International Migration datasets to build the network representation for capital and labor of 63 economies during 10 years. We then examine the role of social capital measures as drivers of the TFP adopting an extended Cobb-Douglass production function and addressing potential issues such as multicollinearity, reverse causality and non-linear effects. Our results indicate that social capital in the factors of production networks can significantly drive economic outputs through TFP.

Social capital and health information seeking in China

BackgroundPeople’s potentials to seek health information can be affected by their social context, such as their social networks and the resources provided through those social networks. In the past decades, the concept of social capital has been widely used in the health realm to indicate people’s social context. However, not many such studies were conducted in China. Chinese society has its special quality that many Western societies lack: people traditionally render strong value to family relations and rely heavily on strong social ties in their social life. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the association between different types of social capital and health information-seeking behavior (HISB) in the Chinese context. The different types of social capital were primarily bonding and bridging, as well as cognitive and structural ones.MethodsOur analysis is based on a total of 3090 cases taken from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) – China, 2017. Dataset was weighted due to the overrepresentation of female respondents and hierarchical multiple regression analyses as well as binary logistic regression tests were operated to examine the associations between people’s social capital and their HISB.ResultsSome aspects of social capital emerged as positive predictors of HISB: information support (standing in for the cognitive component of social capital) promoted health information seeking, organization memberships (standing in for the structural component) encouraged cancer information seeking, and both the use of the internet and of traditional media for gaining health information were positively linked with bridging networks and organization memberships. Bonding networks (structural component) were not correlated with any other of the key variables and emotional support (cognitive social capital) was consistently associated with all health information-seeking indicators negatively.ConclusionsSocial capital demonstrated significant and complex relationships with HISB in China. Structural social capital generally encouraged HISB in China, especially the bridging aspects including bridging networks and organization memberships. On the other hand, emotional support as cognitive social capital damaged people’s initiatives in seeking health-related information.

Functional differentiation in governance networks for sea level rise adaptation in the San Francisco Bay Area

Climate change governance networks help actors overcome collective action problems by building social capital. The literature studies these networks as embodying a single underlying social problem: coordination or cooperation. This approach overlooks actor heterogeneity and cannot account for the empirical coexistence of different types of social capital. We contend that climate change governance networks consist of functionally differentiated communities of actors who build bonding or bridging social capital depending on their characteristics and goals. We test these claims with an Affiliation Graph Model (AGM) in the empirical case of adaptation to sea level rise in the San Francisco Bay Area, using original data collected in 2018. We distinguish three social processes: ‘leadership/brokerage’, ‘translation’, and ‘following’. Further research on different combinations of social capital across different networks is warranted.

Do social networking sites promote life satisfaction? The explanation from an online and offline social capital transformation

PurposeThe use of social networking sites (SNSs) can promote life satisfaction mainly because of their social relationship benefits. Although prior studies examined the roles of different types of social capital (SC), the association between online and offline SC is ignored. This research addresses this gap by uncovering a mechanism of transformation between online and offline SC in terms of bonding and bridging types when linking SNSs usage and life satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachCategorizing the concept of SC into four sub-types from bonding/bridging and online/offline dimensions, the paper establishes a theoretical framework based on the transformation mechanism among these four kinds of SC. A component-based approach, partial least square method, is chosen for hypothesis testing with a survey-based sample collected from WeChat users.FindingsFirst, SNSs usage is positively related to life satisfaction and four types of SC (i.e. online/offline and bonding/bridging SC). Second, both online bonding SC and offline bridging SC are positively related to life satisfaction and can mediate the relationship between SNSs usage and life satisfaction. Third, offline bonding SC is positively related to online bonding SC and can mediate the relationship between SNSs usage and online bonding SC; on the contrary, online bridging SC is positively related to offline bridging SC and can mediate the relationship between SNSs usage and offline bridging SC.Practical implicationsIn the environment of SNSs, users can take vigorous strategies to better balance online and offline spaces and improve life satisfaction by adapting to the characteristics of SNSs in developing different types of SC. Specifically, it is encouraged for users to transfer online bridging SC into offline space and offline bonding SC into online space.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study exploring the association between online and offline SC when linking SNSs usage and life satisfaction. Instead of the single transformation direction from online to offline in prior Internet research, this research has revealed different transformation directions between online and offline SC in terms of bonding and bridging types in the context of SNSs.

Social capital for socio-economic mobility of disadvantaged women: Limitations and opportunities connected to diversity in social networks

Using a differentiation between ‘social support’ and ‘social leverage’ networks, this paper emphasizes recognizing the heterogeneity of social capital when considered a tool for upward socioeconomic mobility of women. The specific aims are to: a) asses if types of social capital women have access to, is similar; b) examine whether access to different types of social capital is connected to demographic and socioeconomic characteristics; and c) analyse the implications of different types of social capital on socio-economic mobility. The paper is based on quantitative and qualitative data from a purposive sample covering urban, rural and estate sectors in Sri Lanka. A survey of 534 women and in-depth interviews with 32 women were used for data collection. Ninety-nine percent had support networks, but less than half had leverage networks. Women with primary or no education/ in the poorest income group/in lower-level jobs had lesser access to leverage networks compared to the rich/ tertiary or higher educated/professionals and managers. The role played by leverage networks for women originating from lower socioeconomic strata to achieve upward mobility were clear. Leverage networks provided advice and information on financial management and physical asset acquisition, skill development and training, finding stable employment etc. which facilitated upward mobility.

Russian organizations social capital formation external factors

The scientific approach presented in this article is based on the understandingof social capital and corporate culture as intersecting organizational phenomenahowever irreducible to each other. At the same time corporate culture is understoodinstrumentally and it is considered as a factor in the social capital formation, development and using process mediating its organizational and managerial effects. This doesnot negate the fact of complex iterative relations between them but allows to place theemphasis correctly both theoretical and practical, emphasizing the more fundamentaland comprehensive nature of social capital directly arising from the laws of socialinteraction and developing regardless of the purposeful management efforts to form asingle corporate culture.The analysis of various studies of social capital in Russia and abroad characterizingthe level of generalized trust in Russia as low and noting the multidirectional dynamicsbetween different types of social capital which are not typical for developed countries.These differences are interpreted in terms of differences in social relations types underlyingsocial capital: affiliation, hierarchy and exchange. From this point of view the high levelof declared institutional trust (with a certain degree of assumption) can be interpreted asa manifestation of the rational (“calculation”) mechanism of social capital constructionin modern Russian society. The conclusion about insufficient account in foreign scientistsof social, cultural and spiritual components researches is made.The analysis of the problems that have a negative impact on modern Russian societyin the process of social capital formation at the micro, meso- and macrolevels is made.The main problems are the lack of social unity and the spread of the Russian version ofindividualism associated with severe problems of survival and increasing the level ofinterpersonal and institutional distrust.

Towards a Contingency Theory of How Network Structures Influence the Entrepreneurial Process

This paper proposes that different network structures influence the entrepreneurial process – the discovery and realization of opportunities by entrepreneurs- in different ways. Generally, there are two forms of network structures that produce two forms of social capital. There are network structures with structural holes that produce information as social capital for the player brokering a hole. Then there are closed network structures that produce trust as social capital for the player placed in a closed network. The paper argues that (1) placement in structural holes increases the chances of discovering opportunities, whereas network closure decreases the chances. (2) Placement in a closed network allows for easier access to resources that facilitates realization of opportunities, whereas placement in networks with structural holes decreases the ability to gain resources. This leads to (3) entrepreneurs need different types of social capital at different times during the entrepreneurial process. Thus, they should change network structures during the process of discovering and realizing opportunities. The paper seeks to clear up existing contradictions on the role of social capital in the entrepreneurship literature and argue for a processual view on how entrepreneurs build and use different types of social capital.

The relationship between social capital and self-rated health: a multilevel analysis based on a poverty alleviation program in the Philippines

BackgroundPoor health is both a cause and consequence of poverty, and there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that social capital is an important factor for improving health in resource-poor settings. International Care Ministries (ICM) is a non-governmental organization in the Philippines that provides a poverty alleviation program called Transform. A core aim of the program is to foster social connectedness and to create a network of support within each community, primarily through consistent community-led small group discussions. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between social capital and self-rated health and how ICM’s Transform program may have facilitated changes in those relationships.MethodsThree types of social capital were explored: bonding-structural, bridging-structural and cognitive. Using cross-sectional data collected before and after Transform, multilevel modelling was used to examine their effects on self-rated health between the two time points.ResultsThe analyses showed that while social capital had minimal effects on self-rated health before Transform, a series of associations were identified after the program. Evidence of interdependence between the different types of social capital was also observed: bonding social capital only had a beneficial effect on self-rated health in the presence of bridging social capital, but we found that there was a 17 percentage point increase in self-rated health when individuals possessed all possible bridging and bonding relationships. At the same time, our estimates showed that maximising all forms of social capital is not necessarily constructive, as the positive effect of cognitive social capital on self-rated health was weaker at higher levels of bridging social capital.ConclusionsThe results from this study has shown that building social capital can influence the way people perceive their own health, which can be facilitated by intervention programs which seek to create bonding and bridging relationships. Transform’s intentional design to learn in community could be relevant to program planners as they develop and evaluate community-based programs, making adaptations as necessary to achieve organisation-specific goals while acknowledging the potential for varied effects when applied in different contexts or circumstances.

HEALTH INFORMATION’S IMPACT ON OSTEOPOROSIS SELF-MANAGEMENT BEHAVIORS IN OLDER WHITE AND ASIAN WOMEN

Little is known about how health information obtained from different types of social networks affect health behaviors. This study aimed to explore the effect of health information on osteoporosis management behaviors among White and Asian women from a social capital (SC) perspective using a variety of SC measures (e.g. bonding: family, friends, coworkers; bridging: churches, clubs; linking: health providers). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 White and 10 Asian women aged 50 and over in 2016. Through content analysis, we found that SC possession was different between older White and Asian women, and SC utilization to obtain health information corresponded with their possession of SC. Comparing to other diseases, health information relevant to osteoporosis was less frequently communicated. Health information from different types of SC interactively shaped participants’ behaviors. The findings suggest that culturally appropriate health interventions might improve older White and Asian women’s self-management behaviors of osteoporosis.

Impact of subsidiaries' cross-border knowledge tacitness shared and social capital on MNCs' explorative and exploitative innovation capability

Abstract As subsidiaries' cross-border knowledge increases in tacitness, it becomes more difficult for subsidiaries to articulate and for multinational corporations' (MNCs') headquarters to integrate and apply. Herein, dynamic capabilities and social capital theory frame structural and relational social capital as capabilities that improve the productivity of subsidiaries' cross-border knowledge tacitness shared on MNCs' headquarters explorative and exploitative innovation capability. The hypotheses are tested on a data set consisting of survey data collected from 220 senior managers or executives at the headquarters of Taiwan-based MNCs. Interestingly, structural social capital between headquarters and subsidiaries strengthens the negative association between subsidiaries' cross-border knowledge tacitness shared and explorative innovation capability; relational social capital attenuates the negative association between subsidiaries' cross-border knowledge tacitness shared and both explorative and exploitative innovation capability. Stated differently, different types of social capital can facilitate (i.e., relational social capital) or impede (i.e., structural social capital) innovation capability when cross-border knowledge tacitness is high. The validity and managerial implications of these findings are explored through interviews with senior managers or executives of MNCs headquarters or subsidiaries. Theoretically, this study emphasizes the importance of understanding relationships between subsidiaries and MNCs' headquarters to understand the association between subsidiaries' resources and MNCs' headquarters innovation capability.

Does your trust in strangers or close acquaintances promote better health? Societal residential mobility matters

ABSTRACT Some studies indicated that different types of trust are qualitatively different psychological experiences, which may lead to different health outcomes. The present study examined the effect of two types of trust, i.e., generalized trust and interpersonal trust, on promoting physical health and subjective well-being in regions varying in societal residential mobility. The data from a nationally representative sample, including 10,968 participants from 28 provinces/municipalities in China, were analyzed. The results showed that the negative relationship between generalized trust and depressed mood was stronger in the regions with higher societal residential mobility whereas the positive relationship between interpersonal trust and physical health and the negative relationship between interpersonal trust and depressed mood were stronger in the regions with lower societal residential mobility. These results highlight the importance of socio-ecological characteristics in understanding the adaptive functions of different types of social capital on health outcomes. (143 words; max: 150 words)

Sociedad, participación política y Estado en China e India: la relevancia del capital social

En China e India, los factores contextuales e individuales influyen en la probabilidad de participar en política de diferentes formas. Este ensayo centra la atención en el papel que desempeñan los diversos tipos de capital social. Con ese objetivo se estudian datos provenientes de la Encuesta Mundial de Valores (World Values Survey) sobre estos países. Para identificar los factores alentadores de la participación política, algunas investigaciones se han enfocado en el capital social; no obstante, son relativamente pocos los trabajos que abordan el tema incluyendo una diferenciación de ambos conceptos. Tradicionalmente, los especialistas han observado la participación política solamente a partir del voto, mientras que el capital social lo analizan sin atender al tipo del cual se trate.

Transnational entrepreneurial activities: A qualitative network study of self-employed migrants from the former Soviet Union in Germany

During their careers, migrant entrepreneurs may get involved in different types of transnational entrepreneurial activities and use their social capital to activate transnational business-related ties. Based on content analysis of semi-structured interviews and networks maps with self-employed migrants from the former Soviet Union in Germany this study identified four empirically grounded types of migrant transnational entrepreneurial activities and analysed transnational networking strategies for each type. The study demonstrates that different types of social capital are mobilised for different types of transnational business strategies, with intensive transnational entrepreneurial activities requiring larger pre-existing networks in the country of origin of both strong and weak ties, that are gradually extended, while a more limited set of mostly informal weak ties suffice for more sporadic transnational activities in the country of origin. Transnational entrepreneurial activities with other countries or with multiple countries, on the other hand, involved a more formal network of relationships.

Being and Belonging in Transnational Salafism

This article is an inquiry into how the transnational networks of Salafism in Europe and the Middle East are structured by looking at two case studies: one about a Lebanese-Palestinian preacher in Sweden and one about a Dutch preacher in the Netherlands and theuk. By presenting these case studies we explain the predominance of informality in these networks, and highlight the different ways in which they link European Salafi preachers to the Middle East, yielding different types of social capital. Our findings are based on ethnographic fieldwork in Lebanon, the Netherlands, Sweden and theukbetween 2007 and 2012.