Different Types Of Projects Research Articles

The Swedish membrane technology foundation

Membrane technology research has been pursued at the Lund University for more than ten years. The activity comprises basic technical research as well as process development. Since 1977 the work is financed through a foundation involving a number of companies, manufacturers as well as processing industries. The National Swedish Board for Technical Development has agreed to match the funds put up by these companies. The aim is to find and develop new ways of utilizing membrane technology. Laboratory equipment as well as pilot plants are available. Examples of different types of projects are given in the paper.

Depth perception in moving line patterns.

By means of a computer system, the two-dimensional projections of a three-dimensional random wire figure, rotated clockwise (CW) or counterclockwise (CCW) about the vertical axis, were produced and displayed on a CRT. Generally the stimulus display appeared as an object rotating in depth, changing direction of movement frequently from clockwise rotation to counterclockwise, and vice versa. In the experiment, the three subjects observed the displays of three different types of projection, two polar projections and a parallel one. They were instructed to judge the direction of the seen motion and asked to report it using the button-switches. Both duration of the rotation perceived in either direction and frequency of the apparent reversals between those two were measured from the output sheets of a pen-recorder. The results showed the effects of the type of projection. (1) The veridical motions were perceived more continuously and durably in the polar projections than in the parallel one, (2) the opposite relation was found with the nonveridical motions, and (3) the reversals of moving direction were seen more frequently in the parallel projection than in the polar ones.

Afferent connections of the cat caudate nucleus studied by the retrograde axonal transport method

Sources of direct and indirect afferent connections of the caudate nucleus were investigated in cats by the retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase method. Different parts of the neocortex were shown to form different types of projections to the caudate nucleus; the sources of these projections have a laminar organization. Connections of the globus pallidus with the caudate nucleus, not previously described, were found. Among the sources of the thalamo-caudate projections, besides nuclei of the intralaminar complex, an important place is occupied by the ventral anterior and mediodorsal nuclei. After injection of horseradish peroxidase into the caudate nucleus, retrograde axonal transport of the enzyme was observed in the caudal direction, as far as cells of the locus coeruleus. ON the basis of these results a general scheme of afferent projections to the caudate nucleus is drawn up, including its connections with the spinal cord mediated by the thalamic nuclei and mesencephalic reticular formation.

Sensory projections from the wind-sensitive head hairs of the locust Schistocerca gregaria. Distribution in the central nervous system.

The neurones from the wind-sensitive hairs on the locust head have been filled with cobalt chloride and intensified with silver. All the neurones project through the brain to the suboesophageal ganglion, some continue to the prothoracic ganglion and a few as far as the mesothoracic ganglion. Three different types of projection are described and a regrouping is proposed of Weis-Fogh's five hair fields into three areas. The distribution of the neurones from these areas is described in relation to other structures in the ganglion and is discussed in relation to the function of the hair fields in stability control and grooming.

Bordure orientale du massif du Mont Dore jusqu'en Limagne. Le volcanisme holocène de la région de Besse-en-Chandesse. Formations péri-montdoriennes de Champeix et Perrier

The different types of projections sent out by the puys of Montchal, of Montcineyre and the Pavin lake-crater are described and the areas that they cover are delimited. Notably the relations between the trachytic nuée surrounding the Pavin and the pumices in the vicinity of Montcineyre have been established. The projections can be dated by means of paleosols that they overlie. Lastly, the maar of les Costes furnishes a recapitulative tephrochronological section, thanks to the superposition of the following formations and intercalated paleosols bedded basaltic tuffs of the maar properly speaking, basaltic lapilli of Montcineyre (or Montchal) and the trachytic nuée of Lake Pavin. In the region of Champeix can be observed pumiceous alluvium of Middle Pleistocene age, the base of which presents a morainic character ; these were probably contemporary with the eruptions of the Adventif Massif. The route leading from the Perrier cemetery to the summit of the plateau offers a complete section of the Perner infilling : vestiges of inset terraces, the basalt of the Roca-Neyra, the Perrier conglomerate consisting of mud flows intercalated with beds of fluvial sands and pebbles, lying locally on volcano-sedimentary strata.

Spore Morphology and Taxonomy of Polypodiaceae

Abstract The examination of spores belonging to eight species representing five genera of Polypodiaceae reveals that they are typically free, anisopolar and monolete (bilateral). In a majority of cases the spores are yellow and have a short laesura—about half the length of the greater equatorial axis of the spore. Generally, the spores are elliptical in polar view and plano-convex to concavo-convex in profile view but in cross section they vary in shape. The average measurements in equatorial plane range from 44 μ to 71 μ whereas in the polar direction they vary from 27 μ to 47 μ. The exine is thin (about 2.5 μ and nearly smooth (laevigose-scabrous-foveolose) in Microsorium and Phymatodes but in the other investigated genera, it is thicker, possessing different types of projections. P: E varies from 4.6 to 5.5: 8. Oil globules are present in the spores of some species. Available data on morphology of spores of Polypodiaceae have been tabulated in two tables on a comparative basis and their importance in t...

How can pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies maintain a high profitability?

Biotechnology investors are increasingly concerned about taking the risk of investing in the development of innovative drugs, and pharmaceutical companies are worried about maintaining their high profitability in the future. The question is how to build a portfolio of research and development (R&D) projects that fulfils the financial expectations of investors and shareholders. State-of-the-art net present value algorithms are applied to different types of projects at entry into development in order to evaluate their financial attractiveness and their ability to generate adequate returns. Based on the currently applied cost of capital for pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies the attractiveness of the so-called blockbuster model is clearly supported. The increasingly favoured specialty model, however, will only provide sufficient returns to biotechnology investors if significant sales volumes are reached. Complementing a company's development portfolio with risk-reduced projects could be an attractive way to ensure sustained growth for both biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies.