Different Types Of Order Research Articles

Characterization of the magnetocaloric effect in [formula omitted]Mn6Sn6 including high-entropy forms

We present a comprehensive study of the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in a family of kagome magnets with formula RMn6Sn6 (R=Tb, Ho, Er, and Lu). These materials have a small rare-earth content and tunable magnetic ordering, hence they provide a venue to study the fundamentals of the MCE. We examine the effect of different types of order (ferrimagnetic and antiferromagnetic) and the presence of a metamagnetic transition on the MCE. We extend the study to the high-entropy rare-earth forms of the RMn6Sn6 family. Our results suggest several guidelines for enhancing the MCE in tunable magnetic materials with small rare-earth content.

Discrete cooperative coverage location models with alternative facility types in a probabilistic setting

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss discrete location problems where the objective is to locate a given number of facilities of different types in order to appropriately cover a given set of demand points. The coverage provided to each demand point is the result of the cooperation among the located facilities. The different types of facility refer to the coverage radius or quality of coverage that each type may provide. We present a non‐linear formulation of the problem where the objective is to maximize the percentage of demand points that are appropriately covered. We then show how the model can be linearized based on a representation of probabilities through a network structure. To address large instances of the problem, we introduce a genetic algorithm (GA) that is based on the representation of the solution by two chromosomes. Computational experiments over a wide range of randomly generated problems indicate the GA clearly outperforms CPLEX, especially in larger instances.

Technical parameters analyses of different types of impact-vibration soil compacting machines

Introduction. Impact-vibration machines, which perform soil compaction with periodic removal of the working body from the ground, are the most common for mechanization of soil compaction in road construction: self-propelled non-reversible and reversible vibratory plates, vibratory rammers, mounted excavator vibratory plates, trench vibratory rollers and soil vibratory rollers. It is necessary to analyze the main technical characteristics of impactvibration machines of different types in order to assess the possibility of developing a mathematical model of soil compaction, combining several types of impact-vibration machines at once.Materials and methods. The technical characteristics of different types of impact-vibration machines for the analysis: 342 models of non-reversible self-propelled vibratory plates; 312 models of reversible self-propelled vibratory plates; 311 models of vibratory ground rollers; 63 models of mounted vibratory plates for excavators; 24 models of vibratory rammers and 21 models of trench vibratory rollers are used. The machine mass (for vibratory plates of different types) or the mass per compaction module (for vibratory rollers of different types) was taken as a main parameter.Results. The graphical dependencies have been obtained. They illustrate that for the given types of shock-vibration machines the excitation force, relative excitation force and oscillation frequency are located on mutually contiguous and continuing parts of curves. This is a common pattern: as the mass of the machine increases, the excitation force increases, but the relative excitation force and frequency of oscillation decrease. Vibratory rammers are out of this general pattern, because at comparable weight they have significantly lower frequency of oscillation (9...12 Hz) and high amplitude (50...75 mm). Also, the mounted excavator vibratory plates stand out from the general pattern, having a smaller range of vibration frequencies for machines of similar weight, moreover, they perform soil compaction positionally, and not in the process of movement at a certain speed, as other impact-vibration machines.Discussion and conclusions. The common pattern of changes in the main technical characteristics of selfpropelled non-reversible and reversible vibratory plates, trench rollers and soil vibratory rollers at close nominal amplitude of their vibrations gives grounds for the development of a unified theoretical description of the interaction of the working bodies of these types of machines with the compacted soil and a common method of calculating the influence of technical characteristics and operating modes of these machines on the results of soil compaction.

Meta-heuristic search algorithms in truss optimization: Research on stability and complexity analyses

Although they are among the most researched real world engineering design problems, it is encountered with significant problems in the optimization of structural truss bar problems (TPs). The main reasons for these problems are (i) the studies on the optimization of TPs being carried out with different experimental settings, (ii) the competitor algorithms used in the optimization process being insufficient, and (iii) the stability analysis and computational complexity information of the algorithms are not investigated. It is designed a simulation environment with defined standards and a benchmarking suite consisting of nine TPs of three different types in order to eliminate these problems. It is found optimum solutions for all problems in the benchmark suite and it is introduced feasible solutions for the first time. According to the statistical analysis results, among the seventy-seven competing algorithms, the best ten algorithms showed competitive performance in the optimization of TPs are LSHADE-EpSin, LSHADE-CnEpSin, SHADE, LSHADE, GSK, FDB-AGDE, MPA, LRFDB-COA and BES. According to the results of the stability analysis carried out on feasible solutions, it has been determined the algorithms with the best success rate for planar type; LSHADE, LSHADE-CnEpSin, LSHADE-EpSin and GSK with 100% success rate, LSHADE-CnEpSin, LSHADE-EpSin, LSHADE and SHADE for Space type with 100% success rate, and LSHADE-EpSin with 69% success rate for frequency constrained type. When the performances of the algorithms are evaluated regardless of the problem type, LSHADE-EpSin has been the most stable algorithm with an overall success rate of 90% on the TPs.Click here for the simulation environment containing the source codes of the ten competitive algorithms and the TP benchmark suite proposed in the article: https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/131668-structural-truss-problems-benchmark-suite.

Network of chiral one-dimensional channels and localized states emerging in a moiré system

Moiré systems provide a highly tunable platform for engineering band structures and exotic correlated phases. Here, we theoretically study a model for a single layer of graphene subject to a smooth moiré electrostatic potential, induced by an insulating substrate layer. For sufficiently large moiré unit cells, we find that ultra-flat bands coexist with a triangular network of chiral one-dimensional (1D) channels. These channels mediate an effective interaction between localized modes with spin-, orbital- and valley degrees of freedom emerging from the flat bands. The form of the interaction reflects the chirality and 1D nature of the network. We study this interacting model within an SU(4) mean-field theory, semi-classical Monte-Carlo simulations, and an SU(4) spin-wave theory, focusing on commensurate order stabilized by local two-site and chiral three-site interactions. By tuning a gate voltage, one can trigger a non-coplanar phase characterized by a peculiar coexistence of three different types of order: ferromagnetic spin order in one valley, non-coplanar chiral spin order in the other valley, and 120∘ order in the remaining spin and valley-mixed degrees of freedom. Quantum and classical fluctuations have qualitatively different effects on the observed phases and can, for example, create a finite spin-chirality purely via fluctuation effects.

Enhanced charge density wave with mobile superconducting vortices in La1.885Sr0.115CuO4

Superconductivity in the cuprates is found to be intertwined with charge and spin density waves. Determining the interactions between the different types of order is crucial for understanding these important materials. Here, we elucidate the role of the charge density wave (CDW) in the prototypical cuprate La1.885Sr0.115CuO4, by studying the effects of large magnetic fields (H) up to 24 Tesla. At low temperatures (T), the observed CDW peaks reveal two distinct regions in the material: a majority phase with short-range CDW coexisting with superconductivity, and a minority phase with longer-range CDW coexisting with static spin density wave (SDW). With increasing magnetic field, the CDW first grows smoothly in a manner similar to the SDW. However, at high fields we discover a sudden increase in the CDW amplitude upon entering the vortex-liquid state. Our results signify strong coupling of the CDW to mobile superconducting vortices and link enhanced CDW amplitude with local superconducting pairing across the H − T phase diagram.

Investigating interactions between types of order in categorization

This study simultaneously manipulates within-category (rule-based vs. similarity-based), between-category (blocked vs. interleaved), and across-blocks (constant vs. variable) orders to investigate how different types of presentation order interact with one another. With regard to within-category orders, stimuli were presented either in a “rule plus exceptions” fashion (in the rule-based order) or by maximizing the similarity between contiguous examples (in the similarity-based order). As for the between-category manipulation, categories were either blocked (in the blocked order) or alternated (in the interleaved order). Finally, the sequence of stimuli was either repeated (in the constant order) or varied (in the variable order) across blocks. This research offers a novel approach through both an individual and concurrent analysis of the studied factors, with the investigation of across-blocks manipulations being unprecedented. We found a significant interaction between within-category and across-blocks orders, as well as between between-category and across-blocks orders. In particular, the combination similarity-based + variable orders was the most detrimental, whereas the combination blocked + constant was the most beneficial. We also found a main effect of across-blocks manipulation, with faster learning in the constant order as compared to the variable one. With regard to the classification of novel stimuli, learners in the rule-based and interleaved orders showed generalization patterns that were more consistent with a specific rule-based strategy, as compared to learners in the similarity-based and blocked orders, respectively. This study shows that different types of order can interact in a subtle fashion and thus should not be considered in isolation.

Order types and natural price change: Model and empirical study of the Chinese market

Order type plays an important role in algorithmic trading and is a key factor of price impact. In this paper, we propose a new framework for studying the discrete price change process, which focuses on the impacts of aggressive orders (market orders and aggressive limit orders) and cancelations. The price change process is driven by states and events of best quotes, and we define the event-based price change as the “natural price change” (NPC). Under the framework, we propose a heteroscedastic linear econometric model for the NPC to explore the impact of different types of orders on the price dynamics. To verify the usability of our model and explore the driving factors of price dynamics, we conduct a thorough empirical analysis for 786 large-tick stocks traded on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. Empirical results statistically demonstrate that aggressive orders can introduce stronger impact on the NPC than cancelations. Meanwhile, splitting a big order into several small orders can lead to a larger NPC. Our framework can also be applied for the prediction of price change.

Scheduling for a flow shop with waiting time constraints and missing operations in semiconductor manufacturing

ABSTRACT Semiconductor manufacturing systems consist of highly complex and constrained processes owing to the requirement for high-quality wafers and dynamic customer orders. This study focuses on waiting time constraints to achieve high-quality wafers, with missing operations, to manufacture different types of orders, which are common scheduling requirements in semiconductor manufacturing systems. Waiting time constraints limit the waiting times between consecutive machines. Although sequential steps are modelled as a flow shop, some jobs can skip some steps in the flow shop. Such jobs can accordingly skip certain machines in the flow shop, which is called ‘missing operations’. This research investigates a scheduling problem for a flow shop with waiting time constraints and missing operations. A mathematical programming formulation and scheduling algorithms are proposed to operate such a flow shop efficiently. Through computational experiments, the proposed algorithms were evaluated, and analysis of various parameters for waiting time constraints and missing operations was conducted.

Evaluate All The Order of Every Element in The Higher Even, Odd, and Prime Order of Group for Composition

This paper aims to treat a study on the order of every element in the higher even, odd and prime order of group for composition. In fact, express order of a group and order of an element of a group in real numbers. Here we discuss the higher order of groups in different types of order, which will give us practical knowledge to see the applications of the composition. In order to find out the order of an element am∈G in which an= e= identity element, then find the least common multiple (i.e.(LCM))= λ) of m and n. The least common multiple of two numbers is the "smallest non-zero common number," which is a multiple of both the numbers. So O(am )= λ/m. Also, if G is a finite group, n is a positive integer, and a∈G then the order of the products na. When G is a finite group, every element must have finite order, but the converse is false. There are infinite groups where each element has finite order. Finally, find out the order of every element of a group in different types of the higher even, odd and prime order of group for composition.

A Study on Sylow Theorems for Finding out Possible Subgroups of a Group in Different Types of Order

This paper aims at treating a study on Sylow theorem of different algebraic structures as groups, order of a group, subgroups, along with the associated notions of automorphisms group of the dihedral groups, split extensions of groups and vector spaces arises from the varying properties of real and complex numbers. We must have used the Sylow theorems of this work when it's generalized. Here we discuss possible subgroups of a group in different types of order which will give us a practical knowledge to see the applications of the Sylow theorems. In algebraic structures, we deal with operations of addition and multiplication and in order structures, those of greater than, less than and so on. It is through the study of Sylow theorems that we realize the importance of some definitions as like as the exact sequences and split extensions of groups, Sylow p-subgroup and semi-direct product. Thus it has been found necessary and convenient to study these structures in detail. In situations, where it was found that a given situation satisfies the basic axioms of structure and having already known the properties of that structure. Finally, we find out possible subgroups of a group in different types of order for abelian and non-abelian cases.

Dialogic teaching in secondary classrooms in China: Features, commonalities, and distinctiveness

The article focuses on teacher talk and the extent to which teacher talk is structured to create a dialogic environment in secondary English language classrooms in China. This study is based on the data collected from three secondary schools of different types in order to present a more comprehensive picture. We identify and compare the features of teacher talk by looking closely at the initiative and follow-up moves used by the teachers in the 48 observed classes. In general, the quantitative analysis suggests that English language teaching in secondary schools in China does not present many features of the practice of dialogic teaching, although there are statistically significant differences between schools and between grade levels. The quantitative analysis is accompanied by sociocultural discourse analysis conducted to contextualise the pattern of teacher talk. It contributes to our understanding of the extent to which the teachers practised dialogic teaching in the classrooms. This study aims to gain a comprehensive picture of teacher talk in secondary EFL classrooms in China, shed light on how teacher talk mediates and shapes student engagement, and promote effective dialogic teaching in China.

Evaluate All the Order of Every Element in the Higher Order of Group for Addition and Multiplication Composition

This paper aims at treating a study on the order of every element for addition and multiplication composition in the higher order of groups for different algebraic structures as groups; order of a group and order of element of a group in real numbers. Here we discuss the higher order of groups in different types of order which will give us practical knowledge to see the applications of the addition and multiplication composition. If G is a finite group, n is a positive integer and a ⋴ G, then the order of the products na. When G is a finite group, every element must have finite order. However, the converse is false: there are infinite groups where each element has finite order. For example, in the group of all roots of unity in C× each element has finite order. Finally, we find out the order of every element of a group in different types of higher order of group.

Investigation of the effect of the injection pressure on the direct-ignition diesel engine performance

<abstract> <p>Internal combustion engines (ICE) play a major role in converting the energy with its different types in order to benefit from it for various applications such as transportation, energy generation, and many others applications. Internal combustion engines use two main types of operation cycles, namely the Otto and Diesel cycles. Many development processes are carried out to improve the efficiency of the ICE nowadays such as working on the design of the combustion engine and the material selections and others. One of the main parameters which play an important role in improving the diesel engine is the fuel pressure. By increasing the fuel pressure injected into the engine, the efficiency, in consequence, will increase. This work investigates the injection pressure of the fuel (Diesel) and studies the effect of these changes on engine efficiency. It was found that the increase in injection pressure significantly affected the improvement in engine performance. Such improved engine subsystems will have a great impact on the energy extracted and used for various engineering applications.</p> </abstract>

The Value Basis of Russian Network Communities: the Integrative Function of Communicative Aggression

The article raises questions of the xenophobia evolution in the Russian online communities. The main task was to analyze the transformation of phobias into communicative aggression in the dynamics of social interaction. Considering communicative aggression as a tool for establishing dominance in social goal-setting, we turned to the study of communities of different types in order to identify the relationship between the level of communicative tension and certain values. As an empirical basis for the study, we chose messages (posts) published in the online communities of feminists and anonymous users (in the context of their relationship to Islam). The research methods were case-study and critical discourse analysis (at the level of research foundation), non-formalized content analysis, text mining and correlation analysis (at the level of data collection and data processing). At the general theoretical level, an attempt was made to combine the positivist and interpretative paradigms. The study of two cases revealed the dynamics of the transition from the cultivation of phobias to the spread of communicative aggression. It shows how the digitalization of communications affects the polarization of cultural, symbolic and sociopolitical differences and promotes the integration of the individual into the network community. Various scenarios were identified according to which the spread of communicative aggression occurs. For example, in radical feminist communities, aggression occurs when the values of freedom, life and health are threatened. In the case of Islam, aggression is caused by tolerance as a value, as well as a threat to the law, family and freedom. Based on the results of the analysis of each case, recommendations are presented to reduce the level of communicative tension, which consist in avoiding specific value triggers, transforming the media image of network communities and building communication strategies with a more even appeal to all values, and not only to terminal ones. Thus, communities with integration occurs solely by spreading aggressive communications will be forced to turn to other strategies to implement full-fledged activities.

Modeling the Deformation of a Plate Using Piezoelectric Elements Located on its Surface

One of the directions of using piezoelectric elements in modern technology is related to their use for controlling the shape of a structure under the influence of operational loads. The issue of a change in the shape (geometry) of a structure can be caused, for example, by the need for minimization of displacements in certain regions or, vice versa, for maximization of displacements to ensure the stability of a structural shape under operational loads. Due to the presence of the inverse piezoelectric effect in piezoelectric materials, this problem can be solved by applying a predetermined electric voltage to the electroded surfaces of piezoelectric elements. Elastic structures with elastic piezoelectric elements attached to their surfaces become electroelastic. It is necessary to first assess the abilities of piezoelectric elements to have an effect on deformations caused by external actions of different types in order to use different strategies of control over their mechanical behavior. This means that piezoelectric elements must provide a controlled form change depending not only on the characteristics of the elements themselves (the size, physico-mechanical properties of the material, and position) but also on the parameters of the structure (its geometry, size, boundary conditions, and physico-mechanical characteristics) and acting loads. The influences of different factors on the deformation of an electroelastic structure under the action of an electric voltage applied to the piezoelectric elements in this work was established numerically based on mathematical modeling by solving the static problem of electroelasticity. The numerical implementation was carried out by the finite-element method in the ANSYS software package. The possibilities for using piezoelectric elements for changing the shape of a structure for different numbers of elements and different options of their layout on the surface are demonstrated based on the example of a cantilevered fixed plate.

Toggling Valley-Spin Locking and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Single-Element Multiferroic Monolayers via Light

Ferroicities in structural ferroic materials can effectively tune many different fascinating physical properties, leading to potential applications in the future. Usually, in order to break inversion symmetry in ferroelectrics, the material needs to be composed of multiple types of element. Here, we study a single element multiferroic material with time-reversal symmetry, monolayer $\mathrm{Bi}(110)$, which possesses multiple types of ferroic (ferroelectric and ferroelastic) order. By performing first-principles calculations combined with a group-theory analysis, we reveal that this multiferroic material exhibits various interesting properties, such as an out-of-plane persistent spin helix, valleytronics, and promising nonlinear optical properties, which depend on its orientation variant. We show further that under illumination with linearly polarized light, different orientation variants in the $\mathrm{Bi}(110)$ monolayer possess different free energies. Thus, one can use this noncontacting approach to control the thermodynamic stability of different types of order. The switching of the orientation variant is ultrafast and can occur in times on the order of picoseconds. During this process, no electron-hole pairs are generated. Therefore, one can eliminate waste heat during operation, ensuring good reversibility.

A comparison of dynamic properties of a core-softened system of particles across glass transition, melting and random tiling formation

ABSTRACTSolid structures with different types of ordering (crystals, random tilings and glasses) are considered. We show that the short-range order structure of random tilings characterised by radial distribution functions looks very similar to the ones of glasses. However, the dynamical properties of random tilings look qualitatively identical to the ones of crystals. Because of this basing on radial distribution functions, only the system can be erroneously identified as glass or as random tiling. However, combining it with the dynamical properties, such as mean square displacement of stress autocorrelation function one can unambiguously distinguish glass and random tiling structure.

Ecological studies on the diversity of terrestrial poisonous snakes Proteroglyphous

The present work was carried out in Jazan region. The region of Jazan in being in the South-Western part of Saudi Arabia between longitudes 420 and 43.80 and latitudes 5, 16o and 17o, and is bounded on the south and east of the Republic of Yemen, Asir area in the north and the Red Sea in the west. The results showed that there are four families of poisonous snakes Proteroglyphous living in Jazan region. They are: Family Atractaspididae, Elapidae, Viperidae and Hydrophiidae . This work aimed to unveil ecological problems and throw light on diversity of poisonous snakes in Jazan region and the danger of these species to human life. Despite the fact that these snakes may be harmful to human life in some cases, it may also be useful to him in many aspects of life. Since there are no enough studies on the animal species in the region, this study came to identify the diversity of this animal group. There is no doubt that the study of these species and identifying them will provide some solutions that could make this group as an endless source of biodiversity and at the same time, this study provides information on the feasibility of protection of this species in this region. Discussion of ecological and geographical affinities of this taxa and taxonomic keys of different types in order to facilitate the process of identification will be provided.

Cultural Analysis of Theoretical and Conceptual Fundamentals of the Intellectual and Spiritual Development of the Nation

The aim of the article is to consider some theoretical and conceptual fundamentals from the position of the social, psychological, philosophical, pedagogic, economic sciences and understanding the mentality as an original base for the accumulation of knowledge in the amount of “intellectual capital”, which gives a high result of human harmony, combining the material and spiritual and becomes the driving force of updating, reformation in the economic and cultural potential of the nation.Research methodology. The research is based on the cultural methods, in particular analysis, synthetic, hermeneutic, which made it possible to separate and analyze modern social and economical theories of intelligence, which reveal the abstract and philosophical understanding of the idea of intelligence and practically demonstrate its importance for the development of society, personality, international integration.Results. It is determined that the intellectual and spiritual culture of the personality is considered as a social and cultural and spiritual phenomenon at the same time: it describes the system of those personally significant properties and qualities that are related to the orientation of the personality on the intellectual and spiritual values of mankind and show the ways of being in culture.Novelty. An attempt is made to generalize some fundamentals of the scientific principles, which are concerned with the issue of intellectual and spiritual development of students of higher education, in particular the nation and in Ukrainian and foreign historiography in general.The practical importance. This article can be used to develop the lectures of different types in order to comprehend deeper the contemporary understanding of the categories of intelligence, spirituality, culture, etc. in the related concepts.Key words: intellectual and spiritual culture, mentality, the intellectuals, intellectual, intellectual capital, spirituality, spiritual aristocracy, spiritual power, culture.