Different Types Of Online Research Articles

The impact of the pandemic on the fitness sector – The general international situation and a Hungarian example

AbstractBefore the Coronavirus pandemic, the fitness industry was a growing sector globally, both in terms of the number of members and clubs; even prior to the global pandemic there were online workouts and technological innovations. With COVID-19, revenues plummeted, and many gyms went out of business. Consumers bought equipment for home use and switched to different types of online or outdoor workouts. This paper aims to investigate how the pandemic affected the fitness sector, and the consumer behavior of former gym members. Our assumption was that the preferences of gym-members had changed, and gyms would have prospered if they had changed their business models and moved to a hybrid model. We conducted in depth-interviews with Hungarian club owners and used an online questionnaire survey to collect data from members of gyms in Hungary. We asked them about exercise habits, home exercise methods, planned future exercise locations, the expectations of customers, safety measures, and service quality. Our assumptions were confirmed. The results may represent useful input for Hungarian fitness centers.

Investigation of Health Science Students' Knowledge Regarding Healthy Lifestyle Promotion During the Spread of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Health sciences students as future health care providers, can play a valuable role in protecting societies against the spread of COVID-19 through health promotion and lifestyle modification education. Therefore, proper education of these students is essential.Objective: This study sought to assess and measure the change of knowledge of health sciences students regarding healthy lifestyle promotion strategies during the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic, after participation in different types of online and social media educational programs.Methods: In order to serve the purpose of the study, a methodological research design was first used to ensure the validation of the developed scale; the COVID-19 Healthy Lifestyle Promotion Scale (COVID-19 HLPS). The study utilized a four-arm randomized control research design in which the participants were randomly assigned into one of four groups, (1) control group (placebo intervention), (2) brochure group, who received brochures relevant to healthy lifestyle promotion, (3) Instagram group, who received similar information but through Instagram posts, and (4) online interactive educational workshop group, who also received similar information through an online interactive educational workshop.Results: In total, 155 participants participated in the online and social media intervention programs. There was a significant improvement in the intervention groups in the total knowledge subscale of the healthy promotion strategies compared with the control group (p < 0.001). Overall, the workshop group was the most effective group (effect size = 1.54) followed by the Instagram group (effect size = 0.99) and then the brochure group (effect size = 0.91).Conclusions: In order to meet the challenges posed by this pandemic, the use of such online and social media interventions is essential and may be the key for health promotion during this pandemic. Health science students, as future health care professionals, can play a fundamental role during the COVID-19 pandemic in disseminating knowledge relevant to healthy lifestyle to their families and communities thus promoting healthy living and behavioral changes. We propose the development of research initiatives at both national and international levels targeting changes within health science curricula that can meet potential challenges of future pandemics, leading to advancement of health care services globally.

The Effectiveness and Usability of Online, Group-Based Interventions for People With Severe Obesity: Protocol for a Systematic Review.

BackgroundGlobally, obesity is a growing crisis. Despite obesity being preventable, over a quarter of the UK adult population is currently considered clinically obese (typically body mass index ≥35 kg/m2). Access to treatment for people with severe obesity is limited by long wait times and local availability. Online and group-based interventions provide means of increasing the accessibility of obesity prevention and treatment services. However, there has been no prior review of the effectiveness of group-based interventions delivered online for people with severe obesity.ObjectiveThe purpose of this systematic review protocol is to provide an evaluation of the effectiveness and usability of different types of online, group-based interventions for people with severe obesity.MethodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) and the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, and Study (PICOS) frameworks were used to structure this review. The review will systematically search 7 databases: MEDLINE, Embase, the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, APA PsycNet, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and the ProQuest Dissertations and Theses databases. Two authors (MM-I and LB) will independently screen the titles and abstracts of identified articles, select studies for inclusion based on the eligibility criteria, and extract data into a standardized form. Any disagreements will be discussed and resolved by a third reviewer (EM) if necessary. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias 2 tool and a descriptive analysis will be used to evaluate effectiveness and usability.ResultsThe systematic review has not yet been started. It is expected to be completed and submitted for publication by December 2021.ConclusionsThis systematic review will summarize the effectiveness and usability of online, group-based interventions for people with obesity. It will identify the types of online delivery that have the strongest support to help inform the development of more useful and engaging interventions for people with severe obesity.Trial RegistrationNational Institute for Health Research, PROSPERO CRD42021227101; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021227101International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)PRR1-10.2196/26619

Difficulty is a possibility: turning service recovery into e-WOM

PurposeThis study aims to identify the factors of service recovery strategy that affect customer satisfaction. In addition, this study aims to explore the relationship between consumer satisfaction with service recovery and electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) in the online context.Design/methodology/approachA self-administered questionnaire is designed and administered through an online survey. This study evaluates the proposed framework through structural equation modeling with online survey data from 425 samples in the context of online buying.FindingsThe results show that explanation, effort, response speed, problem-solving and apology are the components predicting service recovery strategy. These factors have impacts on customer satisfaction with service recovery and also generate e-WOM about service recovery experiences. This study significantly contributes to not only practical insights but also the expansion of expectation confirmation theory and social exchange theory regarding online service failures.Research limitations/implicationsSamples from non-internet shoppers are not collected because this study focuses on consumers referring to purchase online. Testing this conceptual model for other populations, such as non-online consumers, including the moderating effect of gender, age and education on the relationships proposed in the model may be an interesting extension. Moreover, this study does not distinguish different types of online retailers.Practical implicationsThis study highlights the significant effect of customer satisfaction with service recovery on e-WOM. That is, managers should focus on not only making customers satisfied with their initial purchase but also enhancing customer satisfaction with service recovery in case the service failure occurs to encourage positive interaction among customers. This case will also improve the organizational image of a firm.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the identification of service recovery actions that focus on the roles of employees in dealing with service failures and their impacts on customer satisfaction in the online shopping context. In addition, the findings provide a greater understanding of the importance of customer satisfaction on e-WOM.

Investigating the effects of textual reviews from consumers and critics on movie sales

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the sales impact of different types of online word-of-mouth based on their source (user vs critic) and form (structured vs unstructured).Design/methodology/approachThe paper proposed a model by adopting the heuristic-systematic perspective of information processing and tested it using online movie reviews collected from Rotten Tomatoes. A unique dataset was constructed, which matched critic reviews and user reviews with metadata such as box-office sales and advertisement spending for 90 movies. Sentiment information from the textual contents of both user and critic reviews were text-mined and extracted. Data analyses were used to compare the box-office responsiveness of four types of reviews: user numeric ratings, user text reviews, critic numeric ratings and critic text reviews.FindingsCritic reviews and user reviews influence sales through different forms: while user reviews impact sales through their aggregate numeric ratings, critic reviews exert their impact through textual narratives.Practical implicationsThis study provides managerial implications to businesses on how to allocate their resources on different social media-related marketing strategies to maximize the economic value of online user-generated information.Originality/valueThe major contribution of this study is to extend the current understanding of the sales impact of online reviews to their textual aspect, as well as investigate how these textual narratives play different roles when offered by critics and users.

Antitrust policy in video-on-demand markets: the case of Germany

Abstract The strong growth of different types of online video-on-demand (VoD), ie nonlinear audiovisual media services, including both Paid-for VoD like Amazon Prime and Netflix and Advertised-financed VoD like YouTube increasingly challenges the leading position of “traditional” (terrestrial, cable, satellite) television, ie linear audiovisual media services. Competition policy decisions in such dynamic markets are always particularly challenging. The German competition authority was presented such a challenge when, at the beginning of the 2010s, German television providers sought to enter online VoD markets with the help of cooperative portals. We review the antitrust concerns that were raised back then in an ex post analysis. We derive four aspects, in which the previous antitrust analysis cannot be upheld from today’s perspective. First, relevant implications of modern platform economics were neglected. Secondly, some inconsistencies in the assessment of the two projects appear to be inappropriate. Thirdly, the emerging competitive pressure of international VoD providers was strongly underestimated. Fourthly, the question of market power in online advertising markets looks very different at the end of the decade.

The differential impact of network connectedness and size on researchers’ productivity and influence

ABSTRACTWe analyze the effect of different types of online and offline ties – acquaintanceship, advice, and co-authorship – on researchers’ productivity and influence. Unlike static studies of networked work, we look at how changes in these networks affected researchers’ performance and influence. Using the number of publications as an indicator of productivity and the number of citations as an indicator of influence, we investigate when researchers were more productive and influential. We study whether their networks were cohesive, if the researchers were central in their networks or linked to central players, and whether their work had more opportunities to be disseminated through diverse, non-redundant ties. Although the connectedness of their networks was positively associated with the researchers’ productivity, it was the non-redundant effective size of the networks that was positively associated with the researchers’ influence.

Investigating the Effects of Textual Reviews From Consumers and Critics on Movie Sales

In this study, we investigate the sales impact of different types of online word-of-mouth (WOM) based on their source (user versus critic) and form (structured versus unstructured). We propose a model by adopting the heuristic-systematic perspective and empirically test it using online movie reviews collected from Rotten Tomatoes, a review-aggregation website for film and television. We construct a unique dataset that matches critic reviews and user reviews, with metadata such as weekly box-office sales and weekly advertisement spending for 90 movies released in the U.S in 2014. In addition, we use a text-mining method to extract valuable sentiment information from the textual contents of both user and critic reviews. This dataset allows us to compare the box-office responsiveness of four types of reviews: user numeric ratings, user text reviews, critic numeric ratings, and critic text reviews. The results reveal that critic reviews and user reviews influence sales through different forms: while user reviews impact sales through their aggregate numeric ratings, critic reviews exert their impact through textual narratives. Our study provides managerial implications to businesses on how to allocate their resources on different social media-related marketing strategies to lift sales.

MEDIA AND AGEISM

It is widely recognized that how we approach old age is conditioned upon culture. Media is undoubtedly the largest cultural arena in which societal images and attitudes towards old age and older people are formed. The existing research usually discusses the process of underrepresentation and misrepresentation of old age and older people. However, media as an important part of everyday realities among older people are also about creation and active use of media and their content. It is therefore pertinent to the study of ageism to not only understand how different types of online and offline media represent ageing and old age, but also how people of different ages access and use those media and what types of knowledge about media and old age dominate. The main objective of this symposium is to address these concerns by specifically focusing on a) the processes of knowledge production about media and via media with regards to old age, and b) the ways in which older people’s use various types of online and offline media. The symposium brings together ageing and media studies researchers from several European countries who are active in research promoting anti-ageist knowledge that reflects the growing diversity of people of different ages who are commonly referred to as ‘old’.

The Influence of Buyers’ Time Orientation on Online Shopping Behavior: A Typology

ABSTRACTThis research investigates the influence of buyers’ time orientations (measured as polychronic–monochronic and past–future time orientations) on four major variables of online shopping: trust, social interaction, browsing, and locus of control, which in turn influence users’ intention to shop online. Results using structural equation modeling with a sample of 377 Chinese cosmetics shoppers support our hypotheses and show that polychronic orientation of users tends to be positively related to trust, social interaction, browsing experience, and external locus of control and indirectly to intention to shop online through these four consumer characteristics. No relationship was found between future orientation and browsing experience and external locus of control, but a positive relationship was found with intention to shop online through trust and social interaction. Finally, results show that trust and social interaction are positively related to intention to shop online. The authors conclude that time orientations can be used as effective segmentation variables, which are useful in describing a universal typology among different types of online shopping behaviors. Internet retailers should take into account the role of time in e-shopping adoption when assessing different types of users and website design.

Classifying and Relating Different Types of Online and Offline Volunteering

The contemporary media environment allows for online volunteering where volunteers can participate without being physically present or being affiliated with a traditional organization. Challenging the traditional types of volunteering and accounting for the new trends, this study identifies different types of online and offline volunteering and examines the relationship between them. Drawing on online survey data from 816 U.S.-based volunteers, this study finds that active online volunteers are also active offline volunteers, suggesting that volunteering in one sphere can complement volunteering in the other sphere. This study discusses implications for understanding volunteering as a complex activity where individuals engage in varied organizational contexts to different degrees and extend their participation to both online and offline spheres.

Disintermediation and User-generated Content: A Latent Segmentation Analysis

This research investigates the perceptions of different groups of consumers for and against the disintermediation of travel agencies also considering the relative power in influencing the tourist's choices exerted by user generated-content (UGC). A web-based survey is carried out in Spain and 961 complete questionnaires was obtained. A latent segmentation was applied on factors identified running an exploratory factor analysis on a list of 16 statements, the use and frequency of use of the Internet to make hotel reservations, if consumers are bookers or lookers, and they have changed hotel reservations after having read UGC. Findings revealed that different clusters exist based on the identified factors and aforementioned variables, and that significant differences between these clusters based on sociodemographic characteristics, their behavior in using the Internet for searching for information and/or buying, and the extent to which they change the accommodation that had been suggested by a travel agent after having read UGC. The generalization of this research is limited by its method of sampling. This study provides further insights into the scientific debate on disintermediation also considering the relative power of UGC in influencing the tourist's choices. Further, it suggests that hotel marketers should use different types of online and offline distribution channels according to the different characteristics of the consumers who use them and of the products they are looking for.

인터넷 쇼핑몰의 유형에 따른 쾌락적 쇼핑동기와 패션소재 정보에 관한 연구

In South Korea, the growth of online shopping malls that are overtaking traditional offline distributors in sales requires the latter to concentrate on developing a variety of contents amidst the ever-changing and competitive market environment. First of all, attention should be paid to information on fashion item materials. This study examined the current status of online shopping malls with a focus on their three different types-specialized malls, general malls, and open markets-and investigated consumers' hedonic shopping motives and influence on fashion materials in terms of purchasing behavior. In doing so, this study surveyed men and women in their 20s-30s residing in Seoul or its surrounding cities and used a total of 255 questionnaires for statistical analysis. The statistical software program SPSS 15.0 was used to conduct frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The study results showed that in general and specialized shopping malls, consumers granted greater reliability and importance to fashion materials when their interest in shopping or attention to fashion items/brands was high and when they wanted rare items. In open markets, the more interest consumers had in shopping and the more sensitive they were to fashion information, the more dependent they were on prices; in other words, prices were found to have a greater influence on their purchase decisions than the quality of fashion materials. The findings of this study would be useful to marketers and distributors who are trying to develop their marketing strategies based on fashion material information, according to the different types of online shopping malls.

Developing a typology of online Q&amp;A models and recommending the right model for each question type

AbstractAlthough online Q&amp;A services have increased in popularity, the field lacks a comprehensive typology to classify different kinds of services into model types. This poster categorizes online Q&amp;A services into four model types – community‐based, collaborative, expert‐based, and social. Drawing such a distinction between online Q&amp;A models provides an overview for how these different types of online Q&amp;A models differ from each other and suggests implications for mitigating weaknesses and bolstering strengths of each model based on the types of questions that are addressed within each. To demonstrate differences among these models an appropriate service was selected for each of them. Then, 500 questions were collected and analyzed for each of these services to classify question types into four categories – information‐seeking, advice‐seeking, opinion‐seeking, and non‐information seeking. The findings suggest that information‐seeking questions appear to be more suitable in either a collaborative Q&amp;A environment or an expert‐based Q&amp;A environment, while opinion‐seeking questions are more common in community‐based Q&amp;A. Social Q&amp;A, on the other hand, provides an active forum for either seeking personal advice or seeking non‐information related to either self‐expression or self‐promotion.

Disintermediation of hotel reservations

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to investigate online buyers' views for and against disintermediation of hotel reservation.Design/methodology/approachA structured questionnaire was developed and a telephone survey was conducted in Hong Kong in March 2008.FindingsEmpirical findings of 283 Hong Kong residents who had previously booked hotel rooms online showed that experienced online buyers were more positive towards technology‐assisted hotel room reservations and less positive towards travel agents than their less experienced peers.Practical implicationsHoteliers should ensure that their rooms are marketed appropriately in different types of online and offline channels.OriginalityThe study demonstrates the existence of significantly different views among different groups of online buyers based on their online purchase experiences. With the increasing popularity of internet applications, hotel managers and travel agents should set practical plans to meet the needs of online buyers.