Different Types Of Hybrids Research Articles

Dependability and reliability analysis of intra cluster routing technique

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) consist of large number of sensor nodes and one or many base stations, to supervise particular physical or environmental conditions (temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, or motion). The nodes in WSN are battery operated in general; therefore, every operation in WSN should be energy aware. Routing in WSN is handled by network layer across the network from source to destination that should perform its task in energy aware fashion. There are different types of routing protocols and cluster routing is one of those. In literature, it has been suggested that hybrid routing is energy aware and load balanced routing technique. In this research work, we have analyzed different intra cluster routing techniques and have proposed the best intra cluster routing technique which is good for load balancing in order to increase the life time of the network. We have analyzed three different types of hybrid intra cluster routing techniques. In order to reach conclusion, we have implemented/ simulated and compared different intra cluster routing techniques proposed in the literature. The recommended algorithm extends the life time of the WSN and distributes the load among the nodes more uniformly.

Adaptation to Himalayan high altitude pasture sites by yaks and different types of hybrids of yaks with cattle

Yaks are well adapted to the harsh climate and hypoxia occurring under high altitude grazing conditions of the Himalayan Mountains. However, it is unclear to which degree different types of hybrids of yaks and cattle, common in the Himalaya, tolerate these conditions and how they perform and behave under these circumstances. Six multiparous females, each of yaks (Bos grunniens) and two hybrid types (Bos taurus (♂)×B. grunniens (♀) (Dimjos) and B. grunniens (♂)×Bos indicus (♀) (Urangs)) were investigated at a high (4700m, August) and a medium altitude pasture site (3050m, October). After 1 week of adaptation, at both pasture sites milk yield and composition, body weight, metabolic traits and movement behaviour were measured during 6 days and analysed for effects of pasture site, genotype and interaction. Blood haemoglobin was high in yaks, intermediate in Dimjos and lowest in Urangs. At the high altitude pasture site, yaks had the lowest and Urangs had the highest blood lactate concentrations. These differences disappeared at the medium altitude site. Heart rate was higher and heart rate variability smaller at the high altitude site. Respiration rate was highest in the evening and rectal temperature in the morning in all groups at the high altitude site, both being highest in yaks. At the high altitude site, the animals spent overall more time (min/24h) standing (931) and less time lying (333) than at the medium altitude site (608 and 603, respectively), with the least altitude differences found in the yaks. Yield of energy-corrected milk (kg/day) was overall highest in Dimjos (2.7 vs. 1.9 and 1.9 in yaks and Urangs, respectively) and declined from high (3.1) to medium altitude site (1.3); this probably influenced by stage of lactation and forage quality. The same trend was found for milk fat and protein yields. Yak milk had the highest fat content, especially at the medium altitude site. The results showed that both hybrid types were less tolerant to the conditions at the high altitude pasture site than yaks. Among hybrids, Dimjos were superior to Urangs in their tolerance of the particular pasture conditions, and also showed a better performance than the Urangs at both pasture sites.

Theoretical Analysis of Weak Adjacent Substituent Effect on the Overtone Intensities of XH (X = C, O) Stretching Vibrations

It is known that the overtone intensities of some set of OH and CH stretching vibrations show only a weak dependence on the adjacent substituent, in sharp contrast to the much stronger dependence of their fundamental intensities. To understand this characteristic, we calculated the fundamental and overtone intensities of the Δv = 1-6 transitions for the OH stretching of alcohols and acids and the CH stretching of hydrocarbons with different types of hybridization. Based on the local-mode model, from the three components of the dipole moment function (DMF) of each molecule, a one-component effective DMF that recovered about 95% of the total intensity for the Δv = 1-6 transitions was constructed and expressed as a sixth-order polynomial of the bond displacement ΔR, with the leading expansion coefficients M1, M2, and M3 for the linear, quadratic, and cubic terms, respectively. When these coefficients for each molecule were represented as points in the coordinate system O-M1M2M3, the points for some set of molecules were found to lie on a straight line. Interestingly, the line had a direction cosine such that the resultant transition moments exhibited a small substituent dependence of the overtone intensities. Moreover, the slope of the line could be well approximated by the Morse exponential parameter and the bond distance. These characteristics of the DMFs can be rationalized by using the calculated transition moments and the wave function expansion method with the eigenfunction of the Morse potential. It was also verified by the quasiclassical method of Medvedev that these characteristics of the DMFs are the intrinsic reason for the weak substituent dependence of the overtone intensities. It is emphasized that the graphical representation of the DMF parameters provides a comprehensive tool for discussing various aspects of vibrational intensities.

Genetic and Reproductive Evidence of Natural Hybridization between the Sister SpeciesRhinella atacamensisandRhinella arunco(Anura, Bufonidae)

Rhinella atacamensis and Rhinella arunco are sister species which, together, are distributed from 25°S to 38°S in Chile. Until recently they were considered to be allopatric, with the dividing line around 32°S, but in 2007 a possible zone of secondary contact was found in the Estero Pupío (32°S). We investigated the species status of adult individuals of three localities along this creek using AFLP markers. Data were analyzed with a Bayesian method that allowed the identification of different types of hybrids in a population. In two of the localities in the lower part of the watershed, the majority of the individuals were identified as backcrosses of hybrids with R. arunco or first generation hybrids, although a few individuals were classified as pure R. arunco. This information, supplemented by mitochondrial sequences and reproductive observations in both the laboratory and in the field, shows that hybridization has been a recurrent phenomenon at these two localities. By contrast, in the third locality, higher in the watershed, we detected a certain amount of nuclear introgression of R. arunco in a population where only individuals with phenotypes and mitochondrial genotypes of R. atacamensis were found. Taken together, the genetic data of the three localities suggest that the hybrid zone is a hybrid swarm which is relatively extensive in the watershed of the creek. Identifying the causes of the apparent spatial segregation of the two species in the Estero Pupío will require additional information.

Music and Conflict (review)

and Conflict Edited by John Morgan O'Connell and Salwa El-Shawan Castelo-Branco. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2010. [viii, 289 p. ISBN 9780252035456 (hardcover), $80; ISBN 97-0252077388 (paperback), $30.] examples, illustrations, maps, appendices, index. and Conflict is a valuable addition to the growing literature on music in war and peace. In addition to how music might dissolve and nurture cross-cultural understanding, the book considers the ways in which music inflames and justifies conflict. The volume brings together an array of case studies and engages conflict with a theoretical depth that fosters thought for exploring countless other disputes. All of the authors in this volume acknowledge the power of music to move people, yet, unlike countless other affirmations of music's healing and peace-making capabilities, these writers realize that if music has power it also has power to harm. Three themes permeate the book and are found to varying degrees in each of the essays. The first provides insight into how the discourse and the use of music help to identify conflict. By examining the discord in music discourse and practice, the essays highlight policies and ideologies that inform musical production and meaning. Second is an account of some of the ways that music is employed to resolve conflict by fostering inter cultural understanding to promoting healing. The third theme speaks to the applied researcher and suggests ways that ethnomusicologists might operate as mediators in conflict resolution. John O'Connell's introduction, An Ethnomusicological Approach to and Conflict, is valuable for its careful presentation of the myriad of ways that this topic can be approached. In a Lakoffian manner he highlights that the language of music scholarship, analysis, and practice are heavily imbued with metaphors of conflict, and that war and peace are not discrete categories but best thought of as a continuum of behaviors. The book logically progresses from music used to exacerbate conflict to music used for resolution. Each of the six sections comprises a pair of chapters grouped together under specific conceptual and geopolitical themes. The editors should be commended for the organizational acumen that facilitates dialogue between the chapters. The work's value emerges from the intersections between the paired articles. The clear, progressive layout lends itself well to dialogue between subsections and, as such, would work well in a seminar context. Part 1, Music and War, contains two articles on post-Soviet Eastern Europe. Jane C. Sugarman's Kosova Calls for Peace' highlights how wars require that communities overlook differences in background and orientation so as to act as a united group and how Albanian songs and music videos produced during the Kosovo War forged a sense of national purpose by eliding or mystifying social difference (p. 18). Sugarman argues that this elision of differences was achieved through the evocation of a mythic mode of representation that may be identified in song lyrics, the staging of music videos, and hyper-ethnic musical arrangements. Inna Naroditskaya's chapter Musical Enactment of Conflict and Compromise in Azerbaijan provides a close reading of the score and performance (s) of the oratorio Qarahag Shikestasi by Azeri composer Vasif Adigozal. She reads across this piece and several others to find a musical interpretation of the conflict over the contested region of Qarabag. Different types of hybridization are engaged strategically in these pieces to balance a proximity to Western music with a distance that keeps them attractively exotic, revealing a craving for communication with and recognition by other nations. Part 2, Music and Boundaries, explores how music helps define within and across frontiers in Korea and Northern Ireland. Keith Howard's Music across the DMZ examines how musical policy reflects the dominant ideology in each sector-Artists on both sides of the Korean demilitarized zone have advanced on different trajectories, each creating music of value. …

WITHIN-POPULATION STRUCTURE HIGHLIGHTED BY DIFFERENTIAL INTROGRESSION ACROSS SEMIPERMEABLE BARRIERS TO GENE FLOW IN ANGUILLA MARMORATA

In the marine environment, differential gene exchange between partially reproductively isolated taxa can result in introgression that extends over long distances due to high larval dispersal potential. However, the degree to which this process contributes to interlocus variance of genetic differentiation within introgressed populations remains unclear. Using a genome-scan approach in the Indo-Pacific eel Anguilla marmorata, we investigated the degree of interpopulation genetic differentiation, the rate of introgression, and within-population genetic patterns at 858 AFLP markers genotyped in 1117 individuals. Three divergent populations were identified based on clustering analysis. Genetic assignments of individuals revealed the existence of different types of hybrids that tended to co-occur with parental genotypes in three population contact zones. Highly variable levels of genetic differentiation were found between populations across the AFLP markers, and reduced rates of introgression were shown at some highly differentiated loci. Gene flow across semipermeable genetic barriers was shown to generate spatial introgression patterns at some loci which define within-population structure over long distances. These results suggest that differential introgression in subdivided populations may be relevant when interpreting spatial variation patterns displayed by outlying loci in other marine fish populations.

Metal nanomaterial-based self-assembly: Development, electrochemical sensing and SERS applications

Metal nanomaterials (MNMs) have received considerable interest from different scientific communities due to their size, shape, composition and architecture-dependent chemical and physical properties. MNMs-based self-assembly techniques are often essential for creating new multi-dimensional assembly architectures, which are very important for revealing new or enhanced properties and application potentials. This feature article will focus on recent advances in MNMs-based self-assembly and their potential application in electrochemical sensor and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). First, new significant developments in different self-assembly strategies for constructing two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) MNMs-based arrays or superstructures will be summarized. Then, diversified assembling approaches to different types of hybrid or multifunctional nanomaterials containing MNMs will be outlined. The review next introduces some exciting new pushes for the use of nanoarchitectures produced through self-assembly techniques for applications in electrochemical sensors and SERS. Finally, we conclude with a look at the future challenges and prospects of the development of MNMs-based self-assembly.

Genetic diversity of new maize hybrids based on SSR markers as compared with other molecular and biochemical markers

Genetic diversity of four new yellow single crosses, five new yellow three-way crosses, and five yellow inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.) was studied using different molecular (SSR, ISSR, and RAPD) and biochemical markers (seed storage protein content). All markers were able to clearly separate the inbred lines in one cluster from the different types of hybrids. The correlation among the different types of molecular markers was moderately high according to the Mantel’s test (e.g. 0.67 between SSR and ISSR, 0.42 between SSR and RAPD, and 0.65 between ISSR and RAPD), indicating that the three techniques are efficient for evaluating genetic diversity in the maize genotypes. The correlation of biochemical markers (seed storage protein SDS-PAGE) with SSR, ISSR, and RAPD markers was 0.61, 0.74, and 0.48, respectively. It can be concluded that both molecular and biochemical markers are efficient to study the genetic diversity in maize. Among the different types of molecular markers, SSR is a more accurate marker-type because of its co-dominance and stability of results. It can also be said that biochemical and molecular markers are positively correlated and the correlation ranged between moderate to high. This could suggest using both marker types, separately or together, for genetic diversity studies in maize.

Tensile fatigue behaviour of FRP and hybrid FRP sheets

This paper presents the fatigue behaviour of various fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites, namely, carbon, glass, polyparaphenylenl benzobisoxazole (PBO), and basalt fibres, including the effect of hybrid applications such as carbon/glass and carbon/basalt composites. A coupon test was conducted to examine the mechanical characteristics of the FRP composites subjected to monotonic and cyclic loads. Test parameters included the applied load range and different types of hybridization. Study results show that (1) the mechanical properties of the emerging PBO and basalt fibres are comparable to those of the conventional carbon and glass fibres; (2) the tensile modulus of the fibres influences the failure mode of the composite coupons; (3) the progressive damage propagation causes fatigue failure of the composites; (4) the hybrid composites of carbon/basalt significantly improves the fatigue resistance in comparison to the homogeneous basalt composite, whereas the resistance of the carbon/glass hybrid composites does not provide such effects.

Fruit Setting Under Controlled Natural Cross Pollination In Three Populations Of Coconut (<i>Cocos nucifera</i> L.)

Four coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) varieties, West African Tall (WAT), Malayan Green Dwarf (MGD), Malayan Yellow Dwarf (MYD) and Malayan Red Dwarf (MRD), planted in the Main Station of the Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR) near Benin City, in an isolated seed garden to produce different types of hybrids through open pollination were used Selected dwarf mother palms were emasculated, while the tall mother palms were not, allowing the tall palms to cross pollinate the emasculated dwarf palms. Controlled natural pollination of these selected dwarf mother palms was carried out for four years, 1996 – 2000. Data collected include number of bunches (NOB), number of buttons (NOBT) and number of nuts (NON). The various cross combinations (populations) studied were MGD x WAT (population 1), MYD x WAT (population 2) and MRD x WAT (population 3). Mean squares from the analysis of variance were significant (P Keywords : Controlled natural pollination, Fruit setting percentage Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences Vol. 4 (2) 2006: pp. 190-195

General and specific combining ability studies for leaf area (LA) in some maize inbreed lines (Zea mays L.) in agroecological conditions in Kosova.

In the methods of diallel crossing which are based on Hayman, (1954), Jinks,(1954), Griffing, (1956), Mather and Jinks, (1971), can produce values of hybrid combination and methods of heritage for a particular trait of selection. The use of heterosise in the world has started since the year 1933 in USA, where about 1% of the total surfaces were planted, while latter in the year 1953 the hetorsis of the maize hybrids was expanded up to 96% (Sprague, 1962). The cultivation of the maize hybrids started after the year 1960 in about 4.38%, and the seed was provided by the USA. Now, in Kosovo, about 95% of of surfaces are planted with different types of hybrids (Fetahu, 1998). The main object was to test and identify the reaction of some hybrid combinations of the F1 generation for leaf area (LA). Research includes 10 inbreed lines that had been in diallel crossing for GCA and SCA. The formula that provides the component of genetic variance was Griffings (1956) method 2, the mathematical model I.Xij= micro+gi+gj+sij+e. With maximal LA where heterozygote combination from inbreed lines was L6xL10, xg=788.6 cm 2, while minimal value was combination L4xL5, xgj=558.9 cm2. The experimental average value of F1 generation was micro= 678.8 cm2. With maximal and minimal average differences for LA of F1 generation were + 109.8 cm2 or 17%, respectively -119.9 cm2 or 18%, comparing with value micro. The total variability between genotypes were +/- 35%, with high significance. ANOVA for combination ability of GCA and SCA for LA provided with high phenotypes differences that were significant for P =< 0.05 and 0.01. Higher value for GCA obtained L2= +31.326, while with lower combination, the value was L4 = 38.069. For SCA with higher values had L6xL10= + 156.73, with high significance for P =< 0.01.

HYBRID EXTENDED FINITE AUTOMATA

Extended finite automata are finite state automata equipped with the additional ability to apply an operation on the currently remaining input word, depending on the current state. Hybrid extended finite automata can choose from a finite set of such operations. In this paper, five word operations are taken into consideration which always yield letter-equivalent results, namely reversal and shift operations. The computational power of those machines is investigated, locating the corresponding families of languages in the Chomsky hierarchy. Furthermore, different types of hybrid extended finite automata, defined by the set of operations they are allowed to apply, are compared with each other, demonstrating that there exist dependencies and independencies between the input manipulating operations.

Chemical characterization of interspecific hybrids between Allium cepa L. and Allium kermesinum Rchb.

Interspecific hybridization between wild and cultivated species of the genus Allium has been performed to generate plant material possessing biochemical properties of both parental plants. These cross-breeding experiments should lead to Allium plants with higher amounts of valuable constituents. The chemical characterization of interspecific hybrids between A. cepa and A. kermesinum is described on the basis of their sulfur-containing constituents and secondary metabolites. In addition, the hybrid character has been proven by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of the progenies obtained from the crosses. It has been shown that the distribution of the cysteine sulfoxides as well as the volatile secondary metabolites in the hybrids is not uniform. The profiles are mainly determined by the paternal wild species A. kermesinum. It has been ascertained that the gas chromatography profiles of the hybrids show increasing amounts of unsymmetrical substituted oligosulfides, which are known to be physiologically active substances. On the basis of statistical calculations, three different types of hybrids can be separated. The chemical analysis of cysteine sulfoxides and volatile sulfur-containing substances is shown to be a useful tool for breeding purposes as it allows an effective selection with regard to optimal distribution and amount of valuable constituents.

A Hybrid Zone Between Two Chromosome Races of the Common Shrew, Sorex Araneus, in Eastern Poland: Preliminary Results

We established the location of the contact zone between the Drnholec (diagnostic metacentrics hi, ko, gm, nr) and Bialowieza (hn, ik, gr, mp) races of the common shrew in eastern Poland. The hybrids in this zone form meiotic chain configurations consisting of a maximum of 10 elements. Moreover, we caught 13 different types of hybrids with shorter chain complexes, resulting because of a polymorphism for metacentrics ko, nr, gr. The Drnholec/Bialowieza contact zone is stabilized on an environmental barrier (a railway embankment). The sharp change in frequencies of diagnostic metdcentrics across the railtrack showed that it was a strong barrier to migration of the shrews. At present it is difficult to say whether there is any mechanism enhancing fertility in the hybrid populations.

Models of energy sources for EV and HEV: fuel cells, batteries, ultracapacitors, flywheels and engine-generators

Abstract Resulting from a Ph.D. research a Vehicle Simulation Programme (VSP) is proposed and continuously developed. It allows simulating the behaviour of electric, hybrid, fuel cell and internal combustion vehicles while driving any reference cycle [Simulation software for comparison and design of electric, hybrid electric and internal combustion vehicles with respect to energy, emissions and performances, Ph.D. Thesis, Department Electrical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium, April 2000]. The goal of the simulation programme is to study power flows in vehicle drive trains and the corresponding component losses, as well as to compare different drive train topologies. This comparison can be realised for energy consumption and emissions as well as for performances (acceleration, range, maximum slope, etc.). The software package and its validation are described in [J. Automot. Eng., SAE IEE 215 (9) (2001) 1043L]. Different hybrid and electric drive trains are implemented in the software [Views on hybrid drive train power management strategies, in: Proceedings of the EVS-17, Montreal, Canada, October 2000]. The models used for the energy sources like fuel cells, batteries, ultracapacitors, flywheels and engine-generator units will be discussed in this paper in three stages: first their functionality and characteristics are described, next the way these characteristics can be implemented in a simulation model will be explained and finally some calculation results will illustrate the approach. This paper is aimed to give an overview of simulation models of energy sources for battery, hybrid and fuel cell electric vehicles. Innovative is the extreme modularity and exchangeability of different components functioning as energy sources. The unique iteration algorithm of the simulation programme allows to accurately simulate drive train maximum performances as well as all kind of power management strategies in different types of hybrid drive trains [IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., submitted for publication].

Rechargeable lithium/hybrid-electrolyte/pyrite battery

Different types of hybrid and gel polymer electrolytes (HPEs and GPEs) based on polymers and organic solvents combined with organic or inorganic gelation agents for Li/pyrite battery were studied. Ionic conductivity of 0.1–2.5 mS/cm at room temperature (RT) was achieved for HPE and 5 mS/cm for GPE. At 70 °C tetraglyme (TG)-based HPE had conductivities of 1–4 mS/cm, almost one order of magnitude higher than that of “dry” solid polymer electrolytes. An interfacial lithium/HPE resistance ( R SEI) of 6–10 Ω cm 2 was stable for about 3000 h. The specific capacity of the first discharge Li/pyrite cells with both HPEs and GPEs varied from 650 to 1000 mAh/g. The reversible specific capacity at 70 °C ranged from 250 to 600 mAh/g; the maximal capacity is similar to that of solid-electrolyte Li/FeS 2 batteries at 135 °C. After the initial capacity loss, stable cycling behavior with 0.1% per cycle degradation rate was observed.

Hybrid organic-inorganic sensors

Using the sol-gel process, it is possible to combine organic and inorganic components within the same matrix. Many new hybrid materials with unique mechanical, chemical or physical properties have been synthesized using this low-temperature, ‘soft chemistry’ route. Optics and sensing technology probably stand to benefit the most from the current research effort on these new materials. Since they combine the features of gel-derived oxides (mechanical strength, transparency in the visible, high porosity and surface area) with the characteristics of organic molecules (wide range of reactivity and specificity, optical properties), organic-inorganic hybrids are materials that often cannot be fabricated by other means. This report describes some recent work in the authors' laboratory and briefly summarizes other recent advances in the field. According to a recent trend, it distinguishes between two different types of hybrids. In type I hybrids, the interaction between organic and inorganic constituents is weak and due to second order (Van der Waals or hydrogen) bonding. In Type II hybrids, the interaction between the organic and the inorganic constituents is strong and due to covalent or iono-covalent bonding.

The maize seed industries of Brazil and Mexico: past performance, current issues and future prospects

This paper describes results of a study of the main factors affecting the development of the maize seed industries in Brazil and Mexico (and, by extension, other developing countries). The authors develop a framework that researchers and policy makers can use to evaluate seed industry performance in developing countries. This framework is used to analyze the seed industries of Brazil and Mexico, where very different sets of circumstances influence seed industry development, efficiency, and structure. The analysis gives special attention to the different maize breeding strategies pursued by the public and private sectors, measures of industry competitiveness and efficiency, and the trade-offs involved in developing and producing different kinds of maize seed, particularly improved open-pollinated maize varieties versus different types of hybrids. The authors identify key seed industry issues for researchers, administrators of national maize programs, and agricultural policy makers in developing countries, especially issues related to the appropriate roles for public and private organizations in maize seed industries in the developing world.

Comparison of hematologic reference intervals between culture system and type of hybrid striped bass

Abstract Objective To determine and compare hematologic reference intervals for hybrid striped bass from different culture systems and for 2 types of hybrid. Design Observational comparison study. Animals Clinically normal sunshine bass (reciprocal hybrid striped bass, female Morone chrysops × male M saxatilis) raised in high-density recirculating systems, sunshine bass raised in tanks with biofilters, and palmetto bass (original hybrid striped bass, female M saxatilis × male M chrysops) raised in tanks with biofilters. Procedure Hematologic reference intervals were determined for fish from the different production systems, following the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards guidelines. Reference intervals from the 3 groups were compared. Results Reference intervals were significantly different between sunshine bass in the 2 culture systems and between sunshine and palmetto bass. Many of the differences were slight, but notable differences were observed. Sunshine bass in recirculating systems had higher total leukocyte, lymphocyte, neutrophil, and monocyte counts than did either hybrid in tanks. Palmetto bass had a greater number of neutrophils than monocytes, whereas sunshine bass had more monocytes than neutrophils. Additionally, palmetto bass had a lower PCV and hemoglobin value than did either group of sunshine bass. Conclusions Separate reference intervals should be developed for hybrid striped bass in different culture systems and for different types of hybrids. Clinical Relevance Determining reference intervals for hybrid striped bass provides a tool to assess the health status of these fish. (Am J Vet Res 1996; 57:618–623)

Induced diploid gynogenesis and polyploidy in crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch), x common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., hybrids.

. Results of a 16 year (1977–1992) study of hybrids obtained from crossing two cyprinid fish, crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch) (bisexual form), and common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., are presented. The ability to produce diploid eggs in F1 females (resulting from chromosome endoreduplication in early oogenesis) was responsible for the high yield of spontaneous diploids in gynogenetic progenies of F1 females and for triploidy in hybrids from back-crosses of F1 females with males of the parent species. Different types of hybrids, including diploid and triploid gynogenetic, tetraploid (amphidiploid) and androgenetic progenies, were obtained. Diploid and some triploid hybrids (females only) were reproduced inter se by induced gynogenesis in several subsequent gynogenetic generations. Amphidiploid hybrids were obtained by crossing triploid F8 females with diploid common carp males or by crossing diploid gynogenetic females with diploid inverted hybrid males producing diploid sperm. Results of cytogenetic investigations and fish culture properties in hybrids are presented. The scientific and practical significance of the data obtained are discussed.