Different Types Of Gallstones Research Articles

PIXE analysis of gallstones: trace element analysis and millibeam scanning of stone sections

The trace element analysis of 26 gallstone samples, each classified into one of five types, has been performed by the PIXE method. The elemental correlation between bile and gallstone, sampled from the same patient has also been investigated for 19 of these samples. The elemental profiles of four types of large gallstone have been investigated using milli-probe proton beam scanning. It has been shown that the trace element concentration is related to the different types of gallstone, but no correlation has been found between bile and gallstone. The proton beam scanning of gallstones has revealed elemental profiles of Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn in each sample. It has also been shown that the Ca concentration is higher in the core region and the outer layer for most of gallstones.

Dielectric phase angle of gall stones as a function of density

This paper presents the dielectric phase angle of different types of gallstones at a fixed frequency of 150 kHz and at room temperature, 28'C. The average value of this parameter for soft, mixed and hard type of gallstones are found to be -83.21, -85.31 and, -86.89 respectively. This was found to increase as the density of the specimen increased.

Biliary proteins in patients with and without gallstones.

BackgroundNucleation from supersaturated bile of calcium salts of cholesterol and bilirubinate is essential in the formation of gallstone. Nucleation requires gallbladder mucin and its main component, glycoprotein, may contribute to gallstone formation by providing a nidus or matrix for precipitation of lipid components. However, biliary protein patterns of patients with gallstones have not been completely explored.MethodsWe have tried to extract, isolate and characterize the proteins in patients with gallstones and without gallstones. 21 bile samples were obtained from patients with different types of gallstones and with no stones at cholecystectomy. Biliary protein concentrations were measured by Lowry and Bensadoun methods, and individual glycoproteins from each of the patients were compared by silver staining and densimetric quantification of Sodium Dodesyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis.Results1) Among 16 gallstones, 5 were cholesterol stones, 5 were calcium bilirubinate stones, and 6 were black pigment stones. 2) The mean protein concentration was highest in bile with cholesterol stones (47.6 mg/ml), 24.2 mg% in bile without gallstones, and 15.9 mg/ml in brown pigment stones. 3) Cholesterol gallstones were found to have 14.2 KD glycoproteins, whereas pigment stones were found to have 66 KD glycoproteins.ConclusionsGallbladder proteins from both cholesterol and pigment stones play an important role in the nucleation and growth of calcium salt crystals.

Prevalence of different types of gallstone in the patients with cholelithiasis at Kathmandu Medical College, Nepal

Gallstone disease known as cholelithiasis is the most common digestive surgical disorder and account for an important part of health care expenditure. Attempt was made to analyse the gallstone for typing depending upon the composition. The main objective of this study was to see the prevalence of different types of gallstone in Nepal and to correlate them with the clinical findings. Gallstones of 80 different patients who underwent cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis were collected from 20th January 2005 to 16th May 2006 in Department of Pathology, Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital. Detailed history was taken. Stones were analyzed with chemical and enzymatic methods using clinical spectrophotometer. The most commonly involved age group for cholelithiasis (32.5%) is found to be 30-39 years with a female predominance (M: F=1:3.2). Cholelithiasis was found more commonly among non-vegetarian with the vegetarian: non-vegetarian ratio 1:9. Mixed type stone was found to be the most common type of stone comprising 78.75%, followed by cholesterol stone 12.5%, Brown pigment stone 7.5% and Black pigment stone 1.25%.