Different Types Of Disabilities Research Articles

Affective Reactions of Vietnamese Toward Coworkers With Disabilities and Perceptions of Community Inclusion

Vietnam is in the emerging stage in supporting and protecting people with disabilities (PWDs) in terms of employment rights and opportunities. The main purpose of this study was to explore how Vietnamese perceive their coworkers with disabilities in general workplace settings. In addition, the secondary objective of this study was to explore how Vietnamese perceive community acceptance and inclusive education of PWDs in different environmental contexts. Results indicated participants had generally positive affective reactions toward their coworkers with disabilities in the workplace. However, findings also indicated that Vietnamese people possessed hierarchical attitudes toward people with different types of disabilities in terms of community acceptance and educational rights.

The impact of disability on guests’ perceptions of service quality delivery in the hospitality industry

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the impact of employees’ different disability types on lodging guests’ perceptions of service quality delivery and stereotyping. The study also explores the influence of consumer characteristics (i.e. gender, education, religiosity, generational identity and relationship to a person with a disability) on service delivery quality perceptions and stereotyping.Design/methodology/approachUsing different types of disabilities, the study uses a controlled experiment, followed by a survey, to evaluate consumers’ perception of service quality delivery of a hotel front office staff member.FindingsThe results suggest that there are no significant differences in the perceptions of service quality delivery and stereotyping for service employees with disabilities with the exception of employees with a visual impairment. The study found that participants, who had a close friend or family member with a disability, expressed less stereotyping than those who did not have a close friend or family member with a disability.Research limitations/implicationsReal service encounters can be used where participants might be more involved in the service process than in a controlled experiment setting.Practical implicationsThe findings provide support to human resource management in strategically placing people with disabilities into front-line positions because they satisfactorily represent the image of the company and guests consider their service professional and reliable.Social implicationsThe study’s findings support that employers should tap into the under-utilized workforce of people with disabilities and avoid pre-existing stereotyping.Originality/valueA major concern of hospitality companies making employment decisions about hiring people with disabilities is guests’ attitude. This is the first study in hospitality that examines service quality delivery of employees with different types of disability serve guests.

Youth Cognition Surrounding Bullying of Peers With Disabilities: Inclusion, Intervention, and the Role of the Group

Children with disabilities often experience high rates of bullying, teasing, and social exclusion and these experiences are related to a host of negative outcomes for children who are victimized by these forms of bias-based bullying. Little is known, however, about children’s cognition regarding bullying and exclusion of youth with disabilities. The current study measured children’s (9- to 10- and 11- to 12-year-olds; N = 90) social cognition regarding bullying and exclusion of peers with different types of disabilities. Results revealed that children’s expectations of how inclusive their peers would be toward youth with disabilities were related to participants’ own inclusion expectations and that male participants and those who reported greater levels of frustration were less likely to expect that they would include peers with disabilities. Furthermore, participants’ moral judgments about the harmful nature of bullying and their own rates of aggressive behavior were associated with their likelihood of intervening if they observed youth with disabilities being victimized. Finally, results indicated variation in types of intervention behaviors children expected to employ. The findings indicate that youth recognize the importance of challenging bullying and exclusion of youth with disabilities, but that they are also influenced by their perceptions of peer responses.

Validation of a short Spanish version of the instrument Barriers to Physical Activity Questionnaire for People with Mobility Impairments.

To validate a short Spanish version of the instrument Barriers to Physical Activity Questionnaire for People with Mobility Impairments (BPAQ-MI), applicable to different types of disability. The questionnaire was administered to 791 university students with disabilities. The factorial structure was validated by confirmatory factor analysis and Spearman correlations were carried out to assess criterion validity. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The proposed model showed good adjustment indexes and an excellent internal consistency (α= 0.920). Negative relationships emerged between the experienced barriers and time spent in physical activity. The short Spanish version of the BPAQ-MI proves to be a valid and reliable instrument to identify, from a socio-ecological perspective, the barriers to physical activity experienced by students with disabilities. The results provide valuable information to develop programs to promote physical activity in this group.

Spotlight on Assistance Dogs-Legislation, Welfare and Research.

Simple SummaryAssistance dogs support humans with a variety of disabilities. Although guide dogs in particular have a long tradition in Western cultures, the legal situation around assistance dogs has been insufficiently developed in many countries so far—a situation that potentially negatively affects both animal and owner. There is also an insufficient amount of research examining assistance dogs in other areas. Studies investigating assistance dogs’ welfare status, cognitive and behavioural capacities, selection criteria for the best fitting individuals, effective training and management practices, and genetic issues, are so far mainly lacking. This review takes a comprehensive approach—it initially outlines important aspects of the current legal situation for assistance dogs in the European Union and Australia, and then it summarizes research findings focusing on dogs’ welfare, cognition, behaviour, health and training. For each of these areas, the need for future development is highlighted and potential ideas for future directions are discussed.Assistance dogs are a very diverse group of working dogs that are trained to assist humans with different types of disabilities in their daily lives. Despite these dogs’ value for humankind, research on their welfare status, cognitive and behavioural capacities, selection criteria for the best fitting individuals, effective training and management practices, and genetic issues are so far lacking. This review highlights the need to address these topics and to promote progress in legal issues around assistance dogs. The topic of assistance dogs is approached comprehensively by outlining the current status of knowledge in three different dimensions: (1) the legal dimension, outlining important legal issues in the EU and Australia; (2) the welfare dimension; and (3) the dimension of research, covering assistance dog selection and training. For each of these three dimensions, we discuss potential approaches that can be implemented in the future in order to support assistance dog working performance, to protect the dogs’ welfare, and to improve our knowledge about them. Additionally, there remain many legal issues, such as the presence of assistance dogs in public areas, the resolution of which would benefit both the assistance dog and the owner with disability.

An exploration of Asian Americans in the state vocational rehabilitation system by disability type.

The limited amount of information available on Asian Americans with different types of disability in vocational rehabilitation (VR) system has been a major obstacle to developing appropriate policies and practices. Using the Rehabilitation Service Administration data (RSA-911), this study investigated the associations between demographic characteristics, VR service patterns, and employment outcomes of Asian Americans. Whether the relationships differed by type of disabilities (i.e., sensory/communicative, physical, cognitive, and psychiatric disabilities) among Asian Americans was also examined. A series of chi-squared tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and logistic regression were conducted to examine the associations and differences among demographic characteristics, service patterns, and employment outcomes across four major disability groups. Each disability group showed different service patterns that indicate unique consumer needs, individualized services and supports to be delivered in a culturally sensitive manner. Along with the demographic profiles of Asian Americans, factors significantly associated with competitive employment in each group were identified. This explorative study's finding implies VR practitioners' need to understand individual needs by disability type as well as characteristics of Asian culture, and need to develop and implement effective strategies and services to assist this population.

PWDs Accessibility Audit: Commercial complexes, Klang Valley, Malaysia

Barriers may restrict the mobility of people with disabilities (PWDs) in a building. This research identifies the effectiveness of accessibility in commercial complexes in the Klang valley in the state of Selangor Malaysia. Data were based on semi-structured interviews and site audits with four groups of respondents with different types of disabilities. The finding reveals it is mandatory requirements to provide user-friendly accessibility within and outside buildings as there are weaknesses found such as poorly thought solutions, poor quality materials, limited guidelines and weak enforcement by the relevant authorities. The findings highlighted could be a benchmark for the PWDs building industry in developing a user-friendly and accessible building environment in commercial complexes.

Prisoner rehabilitation through animal-assisted activities in Argentina: the Huellas de Esperanza Prison Dog Programme.

One of the most traumatic events that a person can ever experience in their lifetime is being detained. The prison dog programmes are the most successful prison rehabilitation programmes in the United States of America and consist of detainees training service dogs for other people to assist with different types of disability. It is a typical win-win system: inmates win as they connect with their deepest feelings of affection and solidarity while acquiring a concrete skill for their future release; people with disabilities win because they receive a dog to support their day-to-day activities; the dogs win (especially adopted street dogs) because their lot in life is improved; institutions win because they are enabled to meet their objective more fully; and society wins because they gain a concrete tool to aid the social rehabilitation of detainees. This article describes the operation and achievements of Huellas de Esperanza (Traces of Hope), the Argentine prison dog programme, which has been implemented by the Federal Penitentiary Service since 2010 using State resources. A total of 85 inmates have participated in the programme, which has delivered more than a dozen assistance dogs to people with disabilities and many more dogs to elderly people to provide them with affection and companionship. The article also describes the programme methodology and the way it has decreased prison unrest and led to a low reoffending rate among programme participants.

The place attachment experience regarding the disabled people: the typology of coffee shops

This study inquires the possible creation of a sense of a place in coffee houses for the disabled people as public places. The physical characteristics of a space are the main factors allowing all people including the disabled ones as well to perceive that place properly and within the “person, place and interaction process” framework. The place attachment, which can be defined as the main emotional bond between space and the users, is heavily influenced by the individualistic experiences and reactions whether they are ordinary or differently abled. In order to initiate a place attachment, spaces should be designed in a way that they respect the occupant’s perception, feelings, memories, senses and their physical abilities to enable them to develop a sense of belonging and ownership. Therefore, creating designs which foster people’s construction process of sense of a place that comprises the concept of identity and sense of belonging, is among the essential issues for realizing place attachment in architecture and design of public spaces. In our contemporary world, there are settings that possess these qualities; contrariwise there are more architectural and urban spaces which ignore these qualities and their benefits for people, especially for the disabled ones. Relatedly, a building should offer people enough information for perceiving it and with its physical features should also support the experiences that occur in it. There is a strong link between memorable events and the space where those events occur. An environment which provides outstanding and meaningful ambiance by its architectural characteristics can establish a sense of a place. Disabled people often have less opportunities to experience the spaces properly compared to others because their limitations are not taken into consideration when designing the public spaces. Therefore, the design process of public spaces should involve the basic needs of disabled people. In order to propose a typology for traditional coffee houses, this research aims to define and discuss the place attachment experience of disabled people in public spaces. The study begins with an overview of identifying different types of disabilities and special needs, and an introductory discussion of how space attachment can help to meet those needs. Therefore, the physical, social and typological aspects of traditional coffee houses were evaluated in terms of location, space organization and functions by considering the profiles of disabled users. Methodologically, this is a case study, which has a mixed research design including qualitative and quantitative research instruments.

Disability Type, Financial Capability, and Risky Asset Holding

The purpose of this study is to examine whether disability type and financial capability are associated with risky asset holding of adults with disabilities. Using data from the 2015 National Financial Capability Study, we find that adults with different types of disabilities have different chances of holding risky assets. After controlling for financial capability and other variables in the logistical model, people with a work disability are still less likely to hold risky financial assets than the deaf (reference category). In addition, two financial capability variables, objective financial knowledge and desirable financial behavior, are positively associated with risky asset holding.

Perceived Discrimination and Emotional Reactions in People with Different Types of Disabilities: A Qualitative Approach.

The purpose of this study is to assess the discourse of people with disabilities regarding their perception of discrimination and stigma. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten adults with physical disabilities, ten with hearing impairments and seven with visual impairments. The agreement between the coders showed an excellent reliability for all three groups, with kappa coefficients between .82 and .96. Differences were assessed between the three groups regarding the types of discrimination they experienced and their most frequent emotional responses. People with physical disabilities mainly reported being stared at, undervalued, and subtly discriminated at work, whereas people with hearing impairments mainly reported encountering barriers in leisure activities, and people with visual impairments spoke of a lack of equal opportunities, mockery and/or bullying, and overprotection. Regarding their emotional reactions, people with physical disabilities mainly reported feeling anxious and depressed, whereas people with hearing impairments reported feeling helpless, and people with visual impairments reported feeling anger and self-pity. Findings are relevant to guide future research and interventions on the stigma of disability.

Методика выявления профориентационных интересов и склонностей у старшеклассников с инвалидностью

The paper presents a specially developed technique for professional orientation in persons with disabilities, outlines determinants affecting the main research variables, and offers some methodological tips on the use of the technique basing on the most significant research data. Providing career guidance to people with disabilities is a priority task as professional self-determination and work socialization are extremely important for the disabled in modern society. The paper describes a process of developing a new methodology for measuring quantitative and qualitative features of vocational interests in high school students with disabilities. The recommendations provided focus on how to arrange effective analytic work aimed at rendering optimal training support to students of 11th classes with different types of disabilities.

Dental treatment of the elderly people with disabilities

Introduction. The growing population of the elderly people and a proportional increase in the number of the elderly with different types of disabilities, necessitates a multidisciplinary approach to the assessment of their oral health and dental treatment. The ultimate aim is to retain a pain-free functional dentition and decrease the risk of future disease. Material and Methods. A PubMed search was performed and the authors contributed their experience in implementing preventive and therapeutic measures. Oral health problems of the elderly with disabilities. Two main factors influence the oral health: multimorbidity and polypharmacy. Oral health problems expected in this population are teeth abrasion, teeth fractures, root caries, periodontitis and problems with wearing dentures due to stomatitis caused by Candida albicans. Oral health assessment and treatment guidelines. This article provides guidelines for assessment and treatment planning, taking into consideration multimorbidity, polypharmacy, dementia and capacity of caregivers. Preventive measures. Preventive measures are crucial for long-term oral health of this population, and this paper provides guidelines for preventive treatment depending on the degree of functional dependence. Prosthetic treatment. Although some elderly with disabilities are suitable for conventional prosthetic treatment, often there are contraindications and specific considerations that must be taken into account. Conclusion. Oral health needs of the elderly people with disabilities should not be neglected and the success of treatment depends on the education of dental professionals and cooperation with other health professionals of the medical team.

Концепция формирования и распространения цифрового контента для высшего инклюзивного образования

Developing inclusive higher education implies creating and promoting among students and academic staff information and training materials adapted for different types of disabilities as well as rules and regulations concerning university admissions, instruction, employment and support of persons with disabilities. These materials may be created and distributed openly through the Federal Library of Information and Resources on Inclusive Higher Education. The paper focuses on the importance of establishing such resource and describes the conceptual framework for developing and spreading information and instructional materials specially adapted for individuals with hearing and visual impairments which are crucial to the quality and accessibility of higher education. The paper also outlines the structure and functioning of this open information system.

Teleoperation Training Environment for New Users of Electric Powered Wheelchairs Based on Multiple Driving Methods

Currently, diverse existing training environments help new users of electric powered wheelchairs (EPWs) learn how to drive, acquaint, and improve their abilities with these assistive devices. Several authors are developing such environments, and most of them use virtually simulated wheelchairs. Despite the similarities between virtual and real wheelchairs, it is easier to drive the real device, because representation of the wheelchair physical behavior is still a problem for virtual simulated environments. Concerning the driving methods, most of them are based on a joystick, which does not give the opportunity for users to test, practice, and acquaint themselves with new technology, such as driving through eye movements. This paper implements and tests a more realistic approach to a training environment dedicated to new users of EPW. The proposed system is based on a real EPW controlled by teleoperation, and it is flexible enough to attend to multiple driving methods. An architecture that allows a user to send command messages to control a real EPW through the Internet was implemented to test the system. The implemented driving methods used were conventional joystick, eye-tracker, and a generic human–machine interface. The experimental results suggest that new users can practice safely using a real EPW through the Internet, even in a situation with a communication delay of 130.2 ms (average). Furthermore, the proposed system have shown itself to be a potential tool for attending to new EPW users with different types of disabilities and to be a low-cost approach that could be applied in developing countries.

Is delayed school entry harmful for children with disabilities?

We examine whether the academic achievement of students with disabilities who delay entry into kindergarten differs from on-time entering students within the categories of students’ identified with disability in a large and representative state using educational administrative data on three cohorts of kindergarten students (N = 262,000). Analyses indicate that the negative association between redshirting (delayed kindergarten entry) as a student later identified as having a disability varies across students with different types of disability. For most disability designations, achievement outcomes were substantially lower for redshirted students compared to students with the same designation who enrolled in kindergarten on time. This supports the hypothesis that schools may provide young children with better access to early identification and intervention services, which outweigh the benefits of maturation experiences during the redshirt year. However, redshirted students with speech–language impairments had slightly higher achievement compared with students with speech–language impairments who entered on time. Study findings suggest that young children with disabilities may benefit from entering kindergarten when first eligible.

INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL Y BIENESTAR SUBJETIVO EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS CON DIFERENTES TIPOS Y GRADOS DE DISCAPACIDAD

INTRODUCCIÓN. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo el análisis de diferentes perfiles de IE en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios con diferentes tipos de y grados de discapacidad. El mismo indica también si existe una relación entre la tipología y el grado de discapacidad en los perfiles de IE. Finalmente, son analizados también las diferencias significativas en cuanto al Bienestar personal, entre los perfiles de IE, previamente identificados. MÉTODO. El método Train Meta-Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24) y la Escala Psicológica de Bienestar de Ryff (the Psycological Well-Being Scale of Ryff) fueron administrados a 88 estudiantes jóvenes con diferentes tipos de discapacidades producidos a lo largo de la vida. Entre ellas: físicas, intelectuales, visuales y auditivas. La edad de los participantes del estudio es entre 18 y 33 años. (M=23,28; DS=7,24). En total, la muestra estaba integrada por 39 mujeres y 49 hombres. RESULTADOS. Los resultados obtenidos y basados en los tipos de discapacidad muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a la resistencia o flexibilidad de los participantes. Al mismo tiempo, el análisis de los grupos permitió identificar tres diferentes tipos de perfiles de IE: el grupo de estudiantes con puntuaciones altas en los tres tipos de habilidades de IE; el grupo en el que claramente predominaban unas puntuaciones altas en la habilidad de claridad y reparación pero que puntuaba bajo en las de atención emocional; finalmente, el grupo de jóvenes con puntuaciones bajas en las tres (todas) tipos de habilidades. Por otra parte, los resultados también mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los perfiles de IE, en relación con el tipo y nivel de discapacidad. Finalmente, los resultados revelaron también diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto al dominio del bienestar entre los perfiles. Los estudiantes del grupo con puntuaciones altas en la categoría de claridad y reparación emocional obtuvieron también unas puntuaciones altas en los distintos perfiles de bienestar. DISCUSIÓN. Los resultados obtenidos señalan la importancia de los programas diseñados, ya que los mismos ayudan a para el desarrollo de las habilidades claramente apropiadas de reparación emocional, habilidades que conforman la IE, desde ese modelo se promueve el desarrollo de un nivel más alto de bienestar subjetivo entre los estudiantes universitarios discapacitados.

Toward Inclusive Design Applications in Recreational Spaces for People with Disabilities in Egypt

A disproportionate number of persons with disabilities live in developing countries, often marginalized and in extreme poverty. They face discrimination and barriers that restrict them from participating in society. About 10 to 12% of the total populations in Egypt are suffering from different types of disabilities. They face restrictions that prevent them from normal life, and then they lose their motivation for challenging their disabilities. Besides that, there are problems about accessing entertainment spaces to keep their positive energy. Architects have their role to help people with disabilities to enjoy accessible recreational spaces although their disabilities. The aim of this research is to determine strategies for design entertainment spaces which is accessible, provide an integration in community with different abilities in a safe pleasing environment for all. This research will analyse examples of inclusion in recreational spaces in deferent countries, study universal design strategies that are common in these examples, then with making comparison between international strategies and the requirements which are included in the Egyptian Code, Conclusion can be achieved as a step toward accessible recreational spaces for people with disabilities.

Subjective health complaints and exposure to peer victimization among disabled and non-disabled adolescents: A population-based study in Sweden

To investigate subjective health complaints (SHCs) (psychological and somatic, respectively) among disabled and non-disabled adolescents, focusing on the impact of traditional bullying and cyber harassment, and furthermore to report psychological and somatic SHCs across different types of disability. Data from the public health survey of children and adolescents in Scania, Sweden, 2012 was used. A questionnaire was answered anonymously in school by 9791 students in the 9th grade (response rate 83%), and 7533 of these with valid answers on key questions were included in this study. Associations with daily SHCs were investigated by multi-adjusted logistic regression analyses. Any disability was reported by 24.1% of boys and 22.0% of girls. Disabled students were more exposed to cyber harassment (boys: 20.0%; girls: 28.2%) than non-disabled peers (boys: 11.8%; girls: 18.1%). Exposure to traditional bullying showed the same pattern but with a lower prevalence. Disabled students had around doubled odds of both daily psychological SHCs and daily somatic SHCs in the fully adjusted models. In general, the odds increased with exposure to cyber harassment or traditional bullying and the highest odds were seen among disabled students exposed to both cyber harassment and traditional bullying. Students with ADHD/ADD had the highest odds of daily psychological SHCs as well as exposure to traditional bullying across six disability types. Disabled adolescents report poorer health and are more exposed to both traditional bullying and cyber harassment. This public health issue needs more attention in schools and in society in general.

Secondary health conditions in people with different types of disabilities.

Secondary health conditions in people with different types of disabilities.