Different Types Of Deviations Research Articles

Popularization and scientization in terminology translation

Abstract San Ti (Three Body, better known to English readers as The Three-Body Problem) stands out as the most successful Chinese literary work introduced to international audiences through translation. Previous studies have primarily focused on translating culture-specific terms and fictive terms in the work, arguing that the strategy of foreignization alongside occasional footnotes significantly contributes to its tremendous success. Techno-scientific terms, on the other hand, have received relatively little attention because their rendering seemed to be a straightforward matter of back translation. However, our case study reveals that the source-text-oriented translation strategy for culture-specific terms and fictive terms presents only a partial picture of the science fiction (SF) terminology translation in San Ti. It demonstrates that translating techno-scientific terms needs to be considered alongside culture-specific and fictive terms. Moreover, it provides proof that translating techno-scientific terms cannot be simplified to a process of back translation only. The translator sometimes deviated from the principles of equivalence, resulting in three different types of interlingual terminological shifts, which are discussed and analyzed in the current study. Given the heterogeneity of the target readers and the interesting paradox of San Ti as hard SF, these different types of deviation serve two divergent purposes: popularization and scientization. In addition to explaining the success of San Ti in the English-speaking world, the findings of this case study also provide insights into the unfaithful facets, contextual factors and research scope of terminology translation in this specific genre.

Quality control for the recycling of carbon fibre

Quality control for the recycling of carbon fibre Due to the inevitable variability of the end-of-life input material, the resulting recycled fibre and nonwoven or woven material will have a higher degree of variability than virgin material. To make sure such recycled fabric is usable for high-quality applications, additional methods for quality control are required. Existing methods for quality control, such as the Profactor FScan sensor, are used to detect a range of different types of deviations during the manufacturing of carbon fibre fabric. Such sensors can be integrated into weaving machines to cover the whole width of the material (e.g. up to 2.5m) and identify defects in real time.

Robust KALMAN Filter State Estimation for Gene Regulatory Networks.

This paper proposes a revised version of the robust generalized maximum likelihood (GM)-type unscented KALMAN filter (GM-UKF) for the state estimation of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) in the presence of different types of deviations from assumptions. As known, the parameters and the power of the assumed noises within the GRN model may change abruptly as a result of jump behavior and bursting process in transcription and translation phases. Moreover, there may be outlying samples among genomic measurement data. Some other outliers may also occur in the model dynamics. The outliers may be misinterpreted by the filtering method if not detected and downweighted. To deal with all such deviations, a robust GM-UKF is designed that includes some modifications to address the challenges in calculating the projection statistics in GRNs such as the nonlinear behavior and the natural distance of the states. The proposed filter is compared to four Bayesian filters, i.e., the conventional UKF, the H ∞-UKF, the downweighting UKF (DW-UKF), and a modified version of the GM-UKF, the so-called maximum-likelihood UKF(M-UKF). The outcome results demonstrate that the GM-UKF outperforms other methods for all outlier types while the H ∞-UKF is appropriate for the changes in noise powers.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОТНОШЕНИЯ СТУДЕНЧЕСКОЙ МОЛОДЕЖИ К СУИЦИДУ КАК ВИДУ ДЕВИАНТНОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ

Subject of the article: analysis of the peculiarities of the attitude of students to suicide as a type of deviant behavior. Object of the article: student youth of the Samara State Technical University. Purpose of the work: to study the peculiarities of the attitude of Russian students to suicide as a type of deviant behavior. Methodology of work: non-formalized analysis of documents, statistical analysis, sociological survey using a combined two-stage sample. The results of the work indicate that the dependence of the perception and evaluation of this phenomenon on the scope of its manifestation. Different types of deviations from the norm cause different reactions to them, indicating the degree of acceptability of this type of behavior for solving a person's personal problems. Young people are the least tolerant of such social deviations as drug addiction and alcoholism. The level of tolerance rises as it approaches from large to small social groups, from formal to informal. In the absence of harmonious relationships in the family, young people demonstrate a more emotional attitude towards the problem of suicide and are more focused on helping, which is partly due to changes in value orientations in society and the openness of the information space. Conclusion: the data obtained suggest that socialization plays a decisive role in the mechanism of formation of a tolerant attitude towards deviant behavior in general and suicidal behavior in particular.

Design optimization of velocity-controlled cruise vehicle propelled by throttleable hybrid rocket motor

Throttleable engines have greatly raised the technical performances of aircrafts and missiles, particularly for cruise vehicles. The hybrid rocket motor (HRM) combines the advantages of solid and liquid rocket engines, especially the ability of easily throttling and restart. This paper presents a design optimization of an HRM propelled cruise vehicle to explore the throttling ability of HRM on velocity control. First, a theoretical thrust model is presented and revised through several experimental tests. Based on it, a detailed design process of HRM is proposed. Second, the layout of the cruise vehicle, flight trajectory model and a closed-loop PID velocity control method are developed. The differential evolution algorithm is adopted to get the optimal design result, which is used to analyze velocity characteristics by real-time control of the oxidizer flow rate. The results show that the PID-control has good effect on velocity control performance and maintaining small deviation from the target. The influences of aerodynamic and thrust errors are also considered and analyzed. For different types of deviations, including the proportional and periodic perturbations, the PID-controlled scheme shows a good stability under the parameters' deviations, which indicates that the HRM with the real-time throttling thrust has a good capacity of high-precision velocity control when used in rocket propelled vehicles.

Positional dependency in Murrinhpatha: expanding the typology of non-canonical morphotactics

Abstract Principles of morphotactics are a major source of morphological diversity amongst the world’s languages, and it is well-known that languages exhibit many different types of deviation from a canonical ideal in which there is a unique and consistent mapping between function and form. In this paper we present data from Murrinhpatha (non-Pama-Nyungan, northern Australia) that demonstrates a type of non-canonical morphotactics so far unattested in the literature, one which we call positional dependency. This type is unusual in that the non-canonical pattern is driven by morphological form rather than by morphosyntactic function. In this case the realisation of one morph is dependent on the position in the verbal template of another morph. Thus, it is the linearisation of morphs that conditions the morphological realisation, not the morphosyntactic feature set. Positional dependency in Murrinhpatha thus expands our typology of content-form interactions and non-canonical morphotactics with implications for our understanding of morphological structure cross-linguistically.

Эрот и желание: девиация тирана и философа

The article deals with a splitting undergone by Plato’s Eros and desire, into opposite, deviant poles represented, respectively, by philosopher and tyrant. The author shows how different types of deviation are formed depending on the understanding of the desire and the good, and the fixation on the ways to achieve them. This is due to identification and deidentification in relation to various images of self, but also with the “transcending”, which in turn is related to two main principles of the existence of things, “in itself” (τὰ αὐτὰ μὲν καθ' αὑτά) and “in relation to the other” (τὰ δὲ πρὸς ἄλλα). Socrates, realizing the “unsubstantiality” of self (οὐδὲν ὤν, Smp. 219a2), liberates himself and helps others to get rid of false ideas about themselves and go out into what is “transcendent”, “in itself”. The tyrant, on the contrary, always identifies with his want and the way to overcome it, and is increasingly immersed in the infinitely “other”, finding himself, as a result, in the “beyond the realm of false pleasures” (R. 587c). In the images of two divergent “erotic manias”, Plato implements a complex and ambiguous dialectic of "Same" and "Other".

“Towards a Stylistic Account of Semantic/Pragmatic Deviation in Robert Browning’s the Last Ride Together & A Grammarian's funeral Poems’’

The present study stylistically investigates the semantic/pragmatic deviation in two poems by Robert Browning. It aims at pointing out and detecting the types of linguistic and extra-linguistic deviations Browning skillfully uses, which triggers out his stylistic excellence. The study, however, endeavors basically to investigate semantic and pragmatic deviations in 'The Last Ride Together' (1855) and 'A Grammarian's funeral' (1855). It shows how Browning deviates from the norms of language to achieve a deep insight of stylistic and aesthetic functions. As for the hypotheses, it is hypothesized that Browning's poetry is uniquely deviant, his trend of writing is meant to achieve stylistic effects, and it is also hypothesized that most deviations in Browning's poetry occur on the linguistic (specifically, semantic) and extra-linguistic (particularly, pragmatic) levels of language. Browning employs different types of deviation to achieve literary and aesthetic effects, which in many instances in his poems creates difficulty of understanding. Hence, Scott’s (2015) WordSmith Tools, a software program, is adopted here so that the frequencies of occurrence for each type of deviation can be clearly seen as a stylistic marker or fingerprint of Browning’s style.

The Influence of Form- and Meaning-Based Predictions on Cortical Speech Processing Under Challenging Listening Conditions: A MEG Study.

Under adverse listening conditions, prior linguistic knowledge about the form (i.e., phonology) and meaning (i.e., semantics) help us to predict what an interlocutor is about to say. Previous research has shown that accurate predictions of incoming speech increase speech intelligibility, and that semantic predictions enhance the perceptual clarity of degraded speech even when exact phonological predictions are possible. In addition, working memory (WM) is thought to have specific influence over anticipatory mechanisms by actively maintaining and updating the relevance of predicted vs. unpredicted speech inputs. However, the relative impact on speech processing of deviations from expectations related to form and meaning is incompletely understood. Here, we use MEG to investigate the cortical temporal processing of deviations from the expected form and meaning of final words during sentence processing. Our overall aim was to observe how deviations from the expected form and meaning modulate cortical speech processing under adverse listening conditions and investigate the degree to which this is associated with WM capacity. Results indicated that different types of deviations are processed differently in the auditory N400 and Mismatch Negativity (MMN) components. In particular, MMN was sensitive to the type of deviation (form or meaning) whereas the N400 was sensitive to the magnitude of the deviation rather than its type. WM capacity was associated with the ability to process phonological incoming information and semantic integration.

Historical aspects of forming the value attitude to human being at pupils of sports boarding schools

Considering the crisis phenomena in the Ukrainian society the need in forming the value attitude towards another person grows. This problem is particularly acute in boarding schools, where orphans who are deprived of parental care and social orphans study. Early negative life experience is the reason for negative attitude towards people, which in adulthood can be at different types of deviation: disregard of moral rules of behavior, difficulties of communication with other people, etc. European integration changes in Ukraine encourage the introduction of a humanist approach in boarding schools and the rejection of a decision-making (authoritarian) style of child-rearing, the creation of appropriate conditions for which each child would feel significant, unique not only for himself or herself, but also for others. The United Nations Declaration on the Promotion among Youth of the Ideals of Peace, Mutual Respect and Understanding between Peoples lays the foundations for the value-based attitude towards a human being, in particular young people, who suffer many trials, in the form of wars, migrations, etc. Based on the fact that it is young people who are the engine of progress, change and transformation in any society much attention is paid to its upbringing. The scientific research shows that the value attitude towards another person is an important characteristic of the moral sphere of the individual and is most confirmed by humanistic ethics and morality and is the basis of domestic and international legislation, which needs close attention and development of optimal pedagogical conditions for forming the value attitude towards another person at teenagers of boarding schools, as the most impressionable category of children with a view to their socialization and full integration into society.

Information modelling system for diagnostics of different types of blast-furnace smelting deviations from normal conditions

A logic basis for assessment of normal progress of blast-furnace smelting and identification of different types of deviations from normal smelting conditions were developed, including peripheral gas stream, central (axial) gas stream, hot and cold run, tight furnace operation, upper and lower suspension of burden in the blast furnace. Both the complex of controlled characteristics and design parameters of the model-based decision support system (URFU-MMK model of blast-furnace process) are used for assessment. The main complex design parameters for diagnostics of blast-furnace smelting progress characterize heat, blast, gas dynamic and slag conditions, blast-furnace smelting rate in terms of quantity. Identification of Blast-Furnace Smelting Deviation Type software was developed in accordance with modern principles of application program development (functionality, expandability, database integration, user-friendly interface, security, data estimation). It is efficient to use the developed software in computer decision support systems for blast-furnace smelting control in real-time mode.

Comparison of Visual Acuity in Different Types of Deviation

Comparison of Visual Acuity in Different Types of Deviation

Process monitoring using PCA-based GLR methods: A comparative study

Statistical process monitoring is a key requirement for many industrial processes. Many of these processes utilize Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in order to carry out statistical process monitoring due to its computational simplicity. Two fault detection charts that are commonly used with the PCA method are the Hotelling T2 and Q statistics. Although these charts are reasonably able to detect most shifts in the process mean, they may be unable to accurately detect other process faults, such as shifts in the process variance. Hypothesis testing methods such as the Generalized Likelihood Ratio (GLR) chart have been developed in order to detect different types of deviations from normal operating conditions, i.e., process faults. Although, GLR charts have shown superior performance in terms of fault detection compared to other existing techniques, literature has only examined the performance of a PCA-based GLR chart designed to detect shifts in the mean. Through a simulated synthetic example, this work evaluates the performance of PCA-based GLR charts designed to independently detect a shift in the mean, independently detect a shift in the variance, and simultaneously detect shifts in the mean and/or variance. The results show that in order to detect a shift in the mean or a shift in the variance, the GLR charts designed to independently detect either type of fault need to be implemented in parallel as they provide significantly lower missed detection rates, than a GLR chart designed to detect shifts in both the process mean and variance simultaneously. The GLR chart designed to simultaneously detect both a shift in the mean and variance does not perform as well as the other GLR charts, since two parameters (both the mean and variance) need to be estimated for this method while maximizing the GLR statistic, as opposed to just a single parameter for the other GLR charts. The practical applicability of the PCA-based GLR charts is demonstrated through the well-known benchmark Tennessee Eastman process, and through a case where autocorrelation is present in the data. Therefore, in order to detect shifts in the mean and/or variance, we recommend parallel implementation of the GLR charts designed to independently detect shifts in the mean, and independently detect shifts in the variance Parallel implementation of these two GLR charts aids with fault classification as well. This work also discusses the importance of selecting an appropriate window length of previous data to be used when computing the maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) and maximizing the GLR statistic, keeping all fault detection criteria in mind in order to ensure that the desired fault detection results are obtained.

THE NATURE OF DEVIANT BEHAVIOUR OF JUVENILES

In recent years the number of juvenile offenders, teenagers with deviant behaviour has increased in Ukraine. Thus, the problem of finding effective ways for preventive work with them is actualized. The aim of this article is to investigate the nature of deviant behaviour of juveniles. It was revealed that the phenomenon of deviant behaviour belongs to such a class of phenomena that can be studied only as a result of joint efforts of researchers – representatives of many sciences, namely sociology, psychology, law, medicine etc., which in their totality form a specialized branch of knowledge – deviantology. The subject of its study is all forms of social pathology, including crimes, offenses, alcoholism, drug addiction, prostitution, suicide, etc. Analysis of scientific literature proves that most researchers considering the problem of deviance associate this concept with the concept of a social norm. Such norms are formed in all spheres of public life and regulate all types of social relations, ensuring, on the one hand, relative universality of human behaviour, and, on the other hand, providing implementation of social control, which involves the use of various negative sanctions. Social norms are a set of fixed verbal or symbolic requirements and expectations of social community for behaviour and activities of its representatives, as well as the means of social regulation of the individual and the group’s behaviour. As a result of insufficient formation of ideological principles, lack of consistent attitudes and value orientations, juveniles are thought to be most vulnerable to different types of deviations. Deviant behaviour of juveniles may be manifested as violations of discipline, reluctance to learn, alcoholism, drug addiction, prostitution as well as serious offenses and crimes involving criminal measures. Juvenile deviations are caused by a range of factors: socio-economic; psychological and pedagogical; medical and biological. Research methods used: the analysis of scientific literature, synthesis, abstraction, generalization.

Procedural and documentation variations in intravenous infusion administration: a mixed methods study of policy and practice across 16 hospital trusts in England

BackgroundProcedural and documentation deviations relating to intravenous (IV) infusion administration can have important safety consequences. However, research on such deviations is limited. To address this we investigated the prevalence of procedural and documentation deviations in IV infusion administration and explored variability in policy and practice across different hospital trusts.MethodsWe conducted a mixed methods study. This involved observations of deviations from local policy including quantitative and qualitative data, and focus groups with clinical staff to explore the causes and contexts of deviations. The observations were conducted across five clinical areas (general medicine, general surgery, critical care, paediatrics and oncology day care) in 16 National Health Service (NHS) trusts in England. All infusions being administered at the time of data collection were included. Deviation rates for procedural and documentation requirements were compared between trusts. Local data collectors and other relevant stakeholders attended focus groups at each trust. Policy details and reasons for deviations were discussed.ResultsAt least one procedural or documentation deviation was observed in 961 of 2008 IV infusions (deviation rate 47.9%; 95% confidence interval 45.5–49.8%). Deviation rates at individual trusts ranged from 9.9 to 100% of infusions, with considerable variation in the prevalence of different types of deviation. Focus groups revealed lack of policy awareness, ambiguous policies, safety and practicality concerns, different organisational priorities, and wide variation in policies and practice relating to prescribing and administration of IV flushes and double-checking.ConclusionsDeviation rates and procedural and documentation requirements varied considerably between hospital trusts. Our findings reveal areas where local policy and practice do not align. Some policies may be impractical and lack utility. We suggest clearer evidence-based standardisation and local procedures that are contextually practical to address these issues.

Consideration of the multizone hydrodynamic friction, the misalignment of axes, and the contact compliance of a shaft and a bush of sliding bearings

The second version of the original Bearing Builder Finite Element Method (BBFEM) software and its application for analyzing the hydrodynamics of cylindrical sliding bearings has been briefly described. The two-dimensional problem of the lubricating fluid flow in a bearing clearance taking into consideration the different types of deviations in the contact surface from a cylindrical shape has been solved by the finite element method. The bearing design that leads to the formation of several hydrodynamic friction zones (fluid wedges) has been considered. The role of the contact compliance of a shaft and a bush and the operation factors that cause the deviation from the initial cylindrical shape of a bearing, including the deformations and the misalignment of the shaft and bush is shown by citing specific examples of antifriction composites of different compositions.

Influence of deviations in the coil geometry on Wendelstein 7-X plasma equilibrium properties

Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) is a modular advanced stellarator with a magnetic field optimized for good plasma confinement and stability, which went into operation in December 2015 at the Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik in Greifswald, Germany. The magnet system of W7-X consists of 70 superconducting coils with as-built-shapes and positions which deviate from the designed ones due to manufacturing and positioning tolerances as well as due to deformations under different kinds of loads. Step-by-step evaluation of the magnet system geometry during the machine construction included measurements of the winding pack geometry characterizing deviations of each coil filament caused by the fabrication process and the tracking of coil positions during main assembly steps. In addition finite element calculations were performed with help of the 360° ANSYS Global Model (a finite element model, representing the whole W7-X magnet system, including all superconducting coils and their support structure) in order to define possible coil deformations under the dead-weight, cool-down and electromagnetic loads in different operation regimes. This paper shows the comparative analysis of different types of deviations in the coil geometry and discusses their influence on plasma equilibrium properties.

Epidemiology of strabismus surgery in a public hospital of the Brazilian Federal District

Abstract Purpose: to determine the prevalence of different types of strabismus submitted to a surgical procedure in a public hospital in the Brazilian Federal District. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional review of medical records of patients who underwent strabismus surgery performed by the same surgeon from 2004 to 2014. Incomplete records were excluded from the study. Variables included sex, age, type of strabismus, type of surgery, and re-surgeries. Strabismus was classified into three main types (esotropia, exotropia, and pure vertical deviation), and their subtypes. The type of surgery was determined by the number of muscles operated on (up to two, or more than two), the involvement of oblique and vertical rectus muscles, and muscle displacement. Results: 563 patients were reviewed and 531 were included in the study. The average age was 12.7 years, and females accounted for 54.4% of total patients. Esotropia was the most frequent type of strabismus (74%), followed by exotropia (23.7%) and pure vertical deviation (2.3%). The most frequent subtype of esotropia was infantile (49.1%), with 16.1% of these surgeries performed before the age of 2. Constant exotropia was the most frequent subtype of exotropia (27.8%). The prevalence of esotropia decreased with age, whereas that of exotropia increased. 52.3% of surgeries involved more than two muscles. An association between different types of deviation was found in 58.9% of patients. In cases of paralytic strabismus, the sixth nerve was the most affected (46%). Re-surgeries accounted for 10.7% of total surgeries. Conclusion s: Esotropias were the most common types of strabismus, especially infantile esotropia. Most cases were associated with other types of deviation, and needed more complex surgeries, involving more than two muscles. This study expects to contribute to the planning of health measures that may effectively improve the assistance provided to the population.

особенности физического развития детской популяции г. иркутска

The article describes the assessment of the physical development (PD) of the children attending preschool educational institution kindergarten N148 of Irkutsk. It was established that different types of deviations in development had 42.0% of children from 3 to 7 years. Among deviations in PD of preschool children most frequently we noted high body weight at normal body length (10.1%); also lowered (8.0%) and low body length (9.0%) were established. The results of the examination of Irkutsk preschool children revealed deviations of their PD parameters from normal figures towards reduction of growth and increase in body weight, and also showed that morphometric changes were more characteristic of boys.

Normal-state Nernst coefficient in high-temperature superconductors of the Y-Ba-Cu-O system

A comparative experimental study of the normal-state Nernst coefficient, Q, in high- temperature superconductors of the YBa2Cu3Oy system with different types of deviations from the stoichiometry was performed. The peculiarities of the Q(T) dependences characteristic of Y-based HTSC, as well as the specific features of the influence of different types of doping on the absolute Q value were revealed. The obtained Q(T) dependences were analyzed on the basis of a narrow-band model together with the thermopower temperature dependences measured on the same samples. It is shown that the developed approach allows one to describe quantitatively all the experimental Nernst results and to determine from their analysis the values of the charge-carrier mobility and the degree of the dispersion law asymmetry. The data on the variation of these parameters under influence of different types of doping are obtained and discussed with respect to the modification of the energy spectrum structure induced by studied dopants.