Different Types Of Complexes Research Articles

Discrete versus polymeric structures of coordination compounds of copper(II) with (pyridin-2-yl)methylenenicotinohydrazide and a library of dicarboxylic acids

A series of copper(II) discrete and polymeric coordination compounds, namely [{CuL(H2O)}2(fum)] (1), [{CuL(H2O)}2(mes)] (2), [Cu2L2(glu)]n·2n(H2O) (3·2n(H2O)) and [Cu3L2(adi)2]n (4) were fabricated from (pyridin-2-yl)methylenenicotinohydrazide (HL) and a library of dicarboxylic acids, namely fumaric acid (H2fum), mesaconic acid (H2mes), glutaric acid (H2glu) and adipic acid (H2adi), using evaporative crystallization, grinding and slurry synthesis methods. The obtained coordination compounds have been fully characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction revealing different types of complexes depending on the linker length, viz. from dinuclear complexes for the shorter linkers (fumaric and mesaconic acids) to 1D and 2D coordination polymers for longer glutaric and adipic acids. Thermal stability and spectroscopic features (FTIR and diffuse reflectance) of complexes were also studied. For the nonpolymeric compounds 1 and 2, the supramolecular assemblies driven by a combination of antiparallel π-stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions have been studied and compared using DFT calculations, MEP surface analysis and a combination of QTAIM and NCIplot computational tools.

MSC Exosomes Containing Valproic Acid Promote Wound Healing by Modulating Inflammation and Angiogenesis.

Chronic wounds that are difficult to heal pose a major challenge for clinicians and researchers. Currently, common treatment methods focus on isolating the wound from the outside world, relying on the tissue at the wound site to grow and heal unaided. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) exosomes can promote wound healing by enhancing new blood vessel growth at the wound site. Valproic acid (VPA) reduces the inflammatory response and acts on macrophages to accelerate wound closure. In this study, VPA was loaded into umbilical cord MSC exosomes to form a drug carrier exosome (VPA-EXO) with the aim of investigating the effect of VPA-EXO on wound healing. This study first isolated and obtained umbilical cord MSC exosomes, then added VPA to the exosomes and explored the ability of VPA-EXO to promote the proliferation and migration of human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), as well as the ability to promote the angiogenesis of HUVECs, by using scratch, Transwell, and angiogenesis assays. An in vitro cell model was established and treated with VPA-EXO, and the expression levels of inflammation and pro-angiogenesis-related proteins and genes were examined using Western blot and qRT-PCR. The therapeutic effect of VPA-EXO on promoting wound healing in a whole skin wound model was investigated using image analysis of the wound site, H&E staining, and immunohistochemical staining experiments in a mouse wound model. The in vitro model showed that VPA-EXO effectively promoted the proliferation and migration of human skin fibroblast cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells; significantly inhibited the expression of MMP-9, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, and PG-E2; and promoted the expression of vascular endothelial growth factors. In the mouse wound model, VPA-EXO reduced inflammation at the wound site, accelerated wound healing, and significantly increased the collagen content of tissue at the wound site. As a complex with dual efficacy in simultaneously promoting tissue regeneration and inhibiting inflammation, VPA-EXO has potential applications in tissue wound healing and vascular regeneration. In future studies, we will further investigate the mechanism of action and application scenarios of drug-loaded exosome complexes in different types of wound healing and vascular regeneration.

Harnessing in vivo synthesis of bioactive multiarylmethanes in Escherichia coli via oxygen-mediated free radical reaction induced by simple phenols

BackgroundXanthenes and multi-aryl carbon core containing compounds represent different types of complex and condensed architectures that have impressive wide range of pharmacological, industrial and synthetic applications. Moreover, indoles as building blocks were only found in naturally occurring metabolites with di-aryl carbon cores and in chemically synthesized tri-aryl carbon core containing compounds. Up to date, rare xanthenes with indole bearing multicaryl carbon core have been reported in natural or synthetic products. The underlying mechanism of fluorescein-like arthrocolins with tetra-arylmethyl core were synthesized in an engineered Escherichia coli fed with toluquinol remained unclear.ResultsIn this study, the Keio collection of single gene knockout strains of 3901 mutants of E. coli BW25113, together with 14 distinct E. coli strains, was applied to explore the origins of endogenous building blocks and the biogenesis for arthrocolin assemblage. Deficiency in bacterial respiratory and aromatic compound degradation genes ubiX, cydB, sucA and ssuE inhibited the mutant growth fed with toluquinol. Metabolomics of the cultures of 3897 mutants revealed that only disruption of tnaA involving in transforming tryptophan to indole, resulted in absence of arthrocolins. Further media optimization, thermal cell killing and cell free analysis indicated that a non-enzyme reaction was involved in the arthrocolin biosynthesis in E. coli. Evaluation of redox potentials and free radicals suggested that an oxygen-mediated free radical reaction was responsible for arthrocolins formation in E. coli. Regulation of oxygen combined with distinct phenol derivatives as inducer, 31 arylmethyl core containing metabolites including 13 new and 8 biological active, were isolated and characterized. Among them, novel arthrocolins with p-hydroxylbenzene ring from tyrosine were achieved through large scale of aerobic fermentation and elucidated x-ray diffraction analysis. Moreover, most of the known compounds in this study were for the first time synthesized in a microbe instead of chemical synthesis. Through feeding the rat with toluquinol after colonizing the intestines of rat with E. coli, arthrocolins also appeared in the rat blood.ConclusionOur findings provide a mechanistic insight into in vivo synthesis of complex and condensed arthrocolins induced by simple phenols and exploits a quinol based method to generate endogenous aromatic building blocks, as well as a methylidene unit, for the bacteria-facilitated synthesis of multiarylmethanes.

RELIEF AND GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF REGIONAL LANDSCAPE PARKS “PRYTYSIANSKYI” AND “CHERNIVETSKYI”

Eight regional landscape parks (RLP) are located on the territory of the Ukrainian Carpathians, which play an important role in relief and natural complexes protecting within the region. RLP significantly complements the nature protection functions of two nature reserves and 13 national parks in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Six RLPs are located in the mountainous part of the region, and regional landscape parks "Prytisyanskyi" and "Chernivetskyi" are within the premountain uplands, the natural complexes of which are insufficiently protected. Within the boundaries of the Precarpathian Upland there are sections of two national nature parks such as Halytskyi and Hutsulshchyna. There are no nature reserves or national nature parks within the Zakarpattia (Transcarpathian) Plain. Regional landscape parks "Prytisyanskyi" and "Chernivetskyi" due to the cluster structure of the territories significantly improve the state of protection of premountain natural complexes. In the relief of the southern section of RLP "Prytisyanskyi", the dominant position covers by the low and high floodplains, less often by the first floodplain terrace of the Tysa River. The relief of the northern part of the park is represented by low and high floodplains, fragments of the first floodplain terrace. A complex of different types of meanders is observed in the channel of Latoritsa River. RLP "Prytisyanskyi" fairly fully represents the features of the geological structure and fluvial relief of the Uzhgorod-Beregivska and Vylok-Korolevska alluvial plains of the Zakarpattia (Transcarpathian) Plain with island volcanic hills. Most of the territory of RLP "Chernivetskyi" on the west and south from Chernivtsi city covers by Chernivtsi Upland with a layered and hilly sculptural relief and Mount Tsetsyna (537 m). The park includes separate sections of low terraces along the Prut River. The northern part of the RLP is represented by the Khotyn Upland with Mount Berda (516 m) as the highest point of the Ukraine’s plain part within the East European Platform. The Khotyn Upland is an asymmetric hilly plateau. Its the highest peaks are formed by structural surfaces with steep slopes. The lower level of relief in the RLP is represented by watersheds with karst forms (karst funnels, polje). RLP "Chernivetskyi" represents the geological and geomorphological structure of the Chernivtsi-Storozhynetsky strand-hilly upland of the Pokut-Bukovinsk-Peredkarpattian stratum-denudation-accumulative Upland, as well as the Khotyn structural Upland of the Prut-Dnister stratum-wave Plain. Keywords: Regional landscape park; RLP "Prytisyanskyi"; RLP "Chernivetskyi"; Ukrainian Carpathians; relief.

Jung Personality Complexes: Evidence from Mahabharata Characters

Purpose: The research paper is an interesting blend of social science and mythology. The researchers explain how Jung personality complexes to Professional & Psychology students with the help of characters from Mahabharata. As the personality grows person develops some complex in their personality and which guides person’s behavior and aspirations in life. Each individual has different personalities and different type of complexes in them with different level of intensity. Thus, the outcome of the research helps individual personalities to discover them as well as to understand basic individual personality complexes. Objectives: The researchers have set the following primary objective and the current study investigates 1 broad research question: To interpret characters from Mahabharata to explain Jung personality complexes. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is based on both secondary & primary evidence. Hypotheses are stated for the various variables selected and analyzed to prove or disprove the same without any errors. Findings/Result: There were correlations between Jung personality complexes & from Mahabharata characters to individuals with the ancient Indian texts. As much as individuals behave differently in different situations, our behavioural reactions can be clubbed into personality complexes as similar reactions across ages and cultures. To conclude, we can say that each one of us is uniquely different yet distinctively similar as well. Research Limitations/Implications: In the present research an attempt is made by the researchers to understand the research gap in the area hence a conceptual idea is proposed and the research goes further to advance significance to discover the degree of relationship to interpret characters from Mahabharata to explain Jung personality complexes. Originality/Value: Many of the earlier studies have proved the soul of Indian mythology is beyond simple good and evil. If one cares to dig deep, there’s an interesting story at each and every step. Psychologists explain this by segregating personality into a private and public persona. Private is the ‘real’ inner person, while public is the way that the individual presents themselves to the outside world. We may be confident and outgoing in some situations and less sure of ourselves and more retiring in other situations. A case where a shy reserved person joins an organization but eventually becomes an arrogant and stubborn boss. This fits the explanation of how our personalities differ situationally. Paper Type: The study is based on both secondary & primary evidence. There are many characters in the Mahabharata, with each one having good and bad qualities. Many characters are similar in personality complexes but differ in their ethical characteristics. Hence researchers have tried to identify and give the major characters in the research. However, this is not a definitive list.

Decision-guidance method for knowledge discovery and reuse in multi-goal engineering design problems

When designing complex engineered systems, designers typically encounter different types of complexity in decision-making, such as learning trade-offs among conflicting system goals and concurrently meeting specifications of subsystems while complying with all constraints. Therefore, when managing knowledge of the concurrent design of multi-component systems, one must consider the decision interactions among designers with different interests and the coupling effects of subsystems. Conventional multi-objective optimization methods are inadequate in providing decision support on compromising the achievement of conflicting goals under various design circumstances; they are incompetent to provide knowledge from the supply side. They may also fail to solve the problems endorsed by decision-makers' evolving preferences; that is, they are incompetent in gaining knowledge from the demand side. Enhancing decision support and managing various stakeholders’ preferences is essential for engineering design problems. To address this issue, we propose a method to give systematic guidance for knowledge discovery and reuse in learning the trade-offs among conflicting goals with various preferences. Using the proposed method, a designer can (1) select appropriate design scenarios to compromise the achievement of system goals while maintaining an acceptable level of fidelity and (2) explore and refine the subsystems coupling in a structured and computable manner. We made the contributions above through (1) reusable knowledge identification and ontology development for creating and archiving the knowledge associated with the problem-solving process, (2) implementing interactive decision-making by adopting different guiding strategies, (3) working on satisfying solutions, and (4) developing icon-based knowledge representation and execution of decision workflows in the knowledge-based design guidance system. The whole process forms a loop, namely, the formulation-refinement-exploration-improvement loop. We demonstrate the efficacy of our method using a test problem, the design of a small-scale thermal system that is widely applied in freshwater production and agricultural irrigation.

Role of Formyl Peptide Receptors and β-Arrestin-1 in suPAR Signal Transduction in Mouse Podocytes: Interactions with αVβ3-Integrin.

The soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) has been implicated in a wide range of pathological conditions including primary nephrotic syndromes and acute kidney injuries. suPAR can trigger transduction cascades in podocytes by outside-in activation of αVβ3-integrin, but there is evidence that the functional cell surface response element is actually a complex of different types of receptors, which may also include the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and formyl peptide receptors (FPRs). Here we observed that ROS accumulation and Src activation could be evoked by continuous 24 h exposure to either suPAR or the FPR agonist fMLF. Responses to suPAR and fMLF were completely blocked by either the FPR antagonist WRW4 or by the αV-integrin inhibitor cilengitide. Moreover, endogenous podocyte mouse Fpr1 co-immunoprecipitates with β3-integrin, suggesting that these receptors occur as a complex on the cell surface. suPAR- and fMLF-evoked activation of Src and ROS differed in time course. Thus, robust pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive responses were evoked by 60 min exposures to fMLF but not to suPAR. By contrast, responses to 24 h exposures to either suPAR or fMLF were PTX-resistant and were instead abolished by knockdown of β-arrestin-1 (BAR1). FPRs, integrins, and RAGE (along with various Toll-like receptors) can all function as pattern-recognition receptors that respond to "danger signals" associated with infections and tissue injury. The fact that podocytes express such a wide array of pattern-recognition receptors suggests that the glomerular filter is designed to change its function under certain conditions, possibly to facilitate clearance of toxic macromolecules.

Arene displacement, C-H activation and acetonitrile insertion reactions enabled by coordination of a functionalized iminophosphorane to a RuII-p-cymene scaffold.

Reaction of a sterically demanding iminophosphorano-phosphine, Ph2PCH2Ph2PNAr* (here onwards referred to as PCPNAr*; Ar* = 2,6-dibenzhydryl-4-methylphenyl), (1) with [Ru(η6-p-cymene)Cl2]2 yielded three different types of complex, [RuCl2{(η6-p-cymene)(PCPNAr*)-κ1-P}] (2), [RuCl{(P(O)CPNAr*)(κ2-N,C)(C-η6-arene)}] (3) and [RuCl{(POCPNAr*)(κ2-N,C-o)(C-η6-arene)}] (4), depending on the reaction conditions via CH activation, tethered η6-arene coordination, ortho-metallation or PN bond cleavage/rearrangement reactions. Interestingly, a similar reaction in CH3CN in the presence of AgBF4 resulted in the insertion of CH3CN into the PN bond to form a novel metallacycle [Ru(NCMe)3{(PC2PN(CH3)CNAr*)-κ3-N,N,P}][BF4]2 (5) containing 4- and 5-membered rings via an aza-Wittig type reaction. Complex 4 showed very good catalytic activity in the transfer hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds.

Что происходит с образовательной системой США?

The article examines a complex of different types of problems that the Joe Biden administration faced when pursuing a course in the field of education, identifies painful points in its system, shows the ratio of successes and failures in educational policy and the extent to which the White House has taken into account changes in the demand for graduates in the labor market USA and in the perception of young Americans about the value of a university. Higher education in this country is considered a source of pride and the key to unlocking the American Dream. American universities rank nineteenth out of the top thirty in the world’s university rankings, and nine of the most successful universities are located in this country. However, behind this facade lies the accumulation of financial, personnel, social and racial problems in educational institutions. An analysis is given of the decline in the attractiveness of college in the eyes of the younger generation of Americans, caused by some devaluation of the diploma on the labor market, the rising cost of education and the increase in student debt on loans. In turn, the factors for the high cost of education are: the cycle of supply and demand, inflation, bloated administrative, teaching staff and university staff, whose work is ultimately paid for out of the pockets of students and their parents. An alternative to college and university that offers a faster and much cheaper route to a career in the form of short-term online courses and technical education schools is becoming popular among a significant portion of the younger generation. A special section is devoted to the analysis of the political and intellectual movement called Critical Race Theory, which has penetrated the curriculum of schools and colleges in many American states and identified another line of division in American society.

An Improved Multi-dimensional Uncertainty Quantification Method Based on DNN-DRM

Mathematical modeling is a method that uses mathematical methods to solve problems in real life. In the process of modeling, the inherent properties of the parameters and the change of the model design conditions will bring great uncertainty to the simulation results. In this paper, a deep neural network and dimension reduction method (DNN-DRM) is proposed to quantify the impact of parameter uncertainty on simulation results in modeling systems with multi-dimensional uncertainty, and reduce the risk caused by uncertainty. Firstly, the methods for training DNN substitute model and testing the generalization ability of models were investigated. Then the DRM based on DNN was constructed to solve the uncertain parameters in the system. In the experiments, three mathematical models with different types of complexity were modeled. Finally, the performance of the method was evaluated by probability distribution, mean and standard deviation of output values. The results show that compared with Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), the DNN-DRM can efficiently and accurately calculate the multi-dimensional uncertainty problem with a strong interaction, and effectively alleviate the “curse of dimensionality” difficulty, which provides a reference for the analysis of problems encountered in real life.

A systematic study of biological SE systems from complexity and design perspectives

Previous research has presented the concept of self-engineering (SE) systems that aim to identify and preserve system functions autonomously. Examples of self-engineering responses include self-healing, self-repair, self-adapting and self-reconfiguration. Biology already utilises many of these responses to repair and survive, greater understanding of complexity in these biological systems could improve future bioinspired designs. This paper provides a novel systematic evaluation of the complexity of SE biological systems. Eight biological self-engineering systems identified are evaluated using Axiomatic design and complexity. The key functional requirements and design parameters for each biological system are identified. Design matrices were used to highlight different types of complexity. A further evaluation of eight SE biological systems is performed using the SE complexity theory; nine experts and 23 students used the complexity theory to complete a ranking exercise. The results of the ranking were analysed and compared, with a final normalised mean plotted for each factor and biological system. From the analysis of both studies, proposed design rules are presented to help designers handle complexity while creating new self-engineering systems inspired by biology.

Biologically Active Palladium(II), Zinc(II), and Copper(II) Complexes with Terpene Ligands as Potential Pharmaceutical Drugs

A final review of the results of studies of versatile biological activities (in vitro) of chiral metal complexes with benzylamine and ethylenediamine derivatives of terpenes is presented. The cytotoxic profiles of palladacycles containing a Pd–C bond and palladium and zinc chelate complexes were determined. For a number of compounds, the possible mechanisms of potential anticancer action were analyzed, such as modulation of mitochondrial functioning and effect on the parameters of glycolytic function of tumor cells. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of palladium complexes of different types and copper chelate complexes were investigated. A correlation between high antimicrobial activity and antioxidant properties was found for a number of copper complexes. The material is supplemented by an extended analysis of publications in relevant subjects.

Performance comparison of Flutter platform GUI in web and native environments

This article compares the performance of the Flutter framework's graphical user interface (GUI) in a Windows platform native environment and in a web environment on the same device. The purpose of the article is to make a comparative analysis of screen building and rebuilding times in both environments. For the purpose of the paper, a test application has been created in which screens of different types of complexity are included. The stated theses: "The Flutter platform is less efficient in the web environment compared to the native environment in terms of view loading times." and "The Flutter platform is less efficient in a web environment compared to a native environment in terms of view rebuilding time" have been proven.

Deconstructing complexity: A comparative study of government collaboration in national digital platforms and smart city networks in Europe

This research deconstructs complexity as a key challenge of intergovernmental digitalisation projects. While much of the literature acknowledges that the fundamental restructuring coupled with technical capacity that these joint projects require leads to increased complexity, little is known about how different types of complexity interact within the collaborative process. Using established concepts of substantive, strategic, and institutional complexity, we apply complexity theory in collaborative digital environments. To do so, eight digital projects are analysed that differ by state structure and government level. Using a cross-case design with 50 semi-structured expert interviews, we find that each digitalisation project exhibits all types of complexity and that these complexities overlap. However, clear differences emerge between national and local level projects, suggesting that complexity in digitalisation processes presents different challenges for collaborative digitalisation projects across contexts.

Examining case complexity among Pasifika with autism/Takiwātanga in Aotearoa New Zealand: a national cross-sectional study

Introduction: Autism is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition that is estimated to impact 1 in 44 children. In Aotearoa New Zealand, the rate of autism among Pasifika children and young people (38.6 per 10,000 people) is substantively lower than other ethnic groups (67.5 for European and 47.2 for Māori); however, the complexities associated with Autism diagnosis in Pasifika is unknown.
 Aim: We compared rates of Autism and co-occurring diagnoses of conditions as a proxy for Autism case complexity between Pasifika and NMNP young people (aged 0-24 years) in Aotearoa New Zealand.
 Methods: This national, cross-sectional study was undertaken using data from a national database; the Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI). Three separate indicators were created to reflect different types of complexity for someone with autism: Asperger’s syndrome (identifies those with lower complexity with fewer demands on support services); intellectual disability (higher needs/greater complexity); ORS funding (higher needs/greater complexity).
 Findings: In this present study, Pasifika in Aotearoa New Zealand had much lower autism identification rates in comparison to Non-Māori Non-Pasifika (NMNP) (53.3 per 10,000 vs 83 per 10,000). After adjusting for socioeconomic differences, Pasifika had significantly lower odds (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.47) of having an Asperger’s syndrome diagnosis. However, Pasifika had significantly higher odds of having an intellectual disability (OR = 2.23) and being Ongoing Resources Scheme funded (OR = 2.18).
 Conclusions: Using this method within the IDI, Pasifika children in Aotearoa continue to have lower rates of Autism diagnosis; however, they are more likely to have a higher complexity of autism diagnosis.

Engineering the insulator-to-metal transition by tuning the population of dopant defects: first principles simulations of Se hyperdoped Si

Chalcogens are extremely promising for hyperdoping Si because of their superior electronic properties with respect to group V elements of the periodic table traditionally employed as dopants. Within the framework of plane-wave pseudopotential techniques we computed the formation energy of different types of defects formed by dopants in Se-hyperdoped Si, as a function of the dopant concentration. Moreover, we studied the possibility of tailoring the electronic properties of the system, by tuning the probability that each type of defect can form. In particular, by using supercells exceeding thousands of atoms we characterized the double impurity band (IB) structure of complex, formed by a Si vacancy surrounded by three Se, which presents a shallow metallic IB and a deep insulating IB in the Si band gap, thus allowing sub-threshold photon absorption, and suggesting that a significant improvement in the performance of Se-hyperdoped Si as an infrared detector, can be achieved by increasing the population of complexes. Our findings relate the range of microscopic sizes in which dopants can diffuse to the population of different types of complexes, revealing the possibility of engineering the critical concentration at which the insulator-to-metal transition occurs by varying the diffusion length of the dopant. These results pave the way for the exploitation of Se-hyperdoped Si as a building block in newly conceived ultra-scaled nano-electronic devices, infra-red detectors and intermediate-band photovoltaic applications.

Vacancy Defects in Bulk and Quasi-Bulk GaN Crystals

In-grown vacancy defects in bulk and quasi-bulk GaN crystals have been extensively studied with positron annihilation spectroscopy. High concentrations of Ga-vacancy-related defects are found irrespective of the growth method used in crystals with a high O contamination or intentional O doping, and they act as the dominant compensating native defect for n-type conductivity. Low-temperature crystal growth also leads to high concentrations of Ga-vacancy-related defects. Ga vacancies are present in the crystals as a part of the different types of complexes with O, H, and/or VN, depending on the growth conditions.

Recognizing the true face of noninfectious cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis

Cryoglobulinemia encompasses a group of diseases with circulating aberrant Igs, which can cause systemic cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, including cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis. The complexities of different types and changing etiologies of cryoglobulinemias determine its heterogeneous clinical manifestations and diagnostic difficulties. In this issue of Kidney International, Javaugue etal. have emphasized the diagnostic points of cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis and hematological disorders as the major culprits of noninfectious cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis in a large cohort.

Integrated evaluation and optimization on building area ratios of urban complex with distributed energy resource system in different climatic conditions

As the main construction type in urban centers, urban complex has become the focus of energy-saving and emission-reducing studies facing the severe challenges of energy crisis and environmental problems. However, the current energy-saving design is usually carried out after the layout design of buildings, which limits the energy-saving effect. This study supposes to improve the integrated energy performance of urban complex before the architectural design. Based on the operating characteristics of distributed energy resource system, we study the reasonable building area ratios of urban complex in different climate zones in China by the energy simulation, scenario analysis and multi-criteria assessment methods. Primary energy consumption saving rate, carbon dioxide emission reduction rate and operating cost saving rate are selected to assess the integrated energy performance of urban complex. The results indicate that (1) building area ratios have an appreciable impact on the integrated energy benefits of urban complex, while the climatic conditions have less impact on the optimization of its building area ratio scheme; (2) area ratio scheme with more “residence” and balanced ratio of other basic functions show the optimal integrated energy benefits of the urban complex with DER system; (3) optimal building area ratio scheme of urban complexes in different types and different climate conditions achieve an integrated saving rate of 22.2%∼46.5%. The main findings of this study could be a useful quantitative reference for the pre-planning of urban complex, which also contribute to the energy conservation and pollution reduction of urban area in the future.

Ontogenetic features of the morphology of hemolymph cells in Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) as an indicator of biodiversity

Insect hemocytes are a complex of different types of cells that differ morphologically and functionally. The study of morphological variability of hemocytes Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) was carried out, eight types of cells were identified: spherulocytes, enocytoids, adipohemocytes, prohemocytes, plasma cells, granulocytes, cystocytes and phagocytes. The predominant type of hemocytes at all stages of ontogenesis are prohemocytes. In the hemolymph of larvae, the most numerous are prohemocytes with a basophilic nucleus (32.07%), prohemocytes with an eosinophilic nucleus (38.12%), and plasmatocytes (19.4%). The pupa is characterized by prohemocytes (64.3%), the sizes of which coincided with those of the adults (10.09 ± 2.11 and 9.45 ± 1.85 µm). At the adult stage, adipohemocytes, enocytoids and cystocytes were found, which were not observed at the larval stage. The size of hemocytes changed depending on the stage of ontogenesis. Thus, it was found that the cellular composition of the Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata hemolymph is the same for the adult and pupal stages, but it has differences in the dimensional characteristics of the formed elements. The larval stage has its own characteristics in the cellular composition of the hemolymph: the absence of three types of hemocytes and the formation of two subtypes of prohemocytes.