Different Types Of Benefits Research Articles

The role of mental health-related healthcare use in employment and benefits use after unemployment

Abstract Background Mental health problems are common among unemployed job-seekers and they further hinder successful re-employment. Previous studies investigating the role of mental health problems on labour market participation after unemployment have largely focused on a single outcome. However, many have subsequent unemployment or receive different types of benefits. To understand these complex pathways a more comprehensive approach is needed. In this study, we examine how mental health-related healthcare use among the unemployed affects their employment and benefit use trajectories. Methods We use a 90% population sample of individuals who were residing in Finland at the end of 2010, who were 25-59 years old and unemployed between 2014-2016 (n = 596,323). We use multistate trajectory models to analyse their employment and benefits use development three years after the onset of unemployment. We will further use multinominal regression analysis to investigate how mental health-based healthcare use is associated with these trajectories and how this association varies between different sociodemographic groups. Results Around half of the unemployed job-seekers received some type of benefit after the onset of unemployment. Almost 25 % received sickness allowance (especially women), a little less social assistance (especially young and low educated), or unemployment benefits (especially men), and around 10 % received disability pension (especially among those with healthcare visits due to mental disorders). Next, we will conduct a trajectory analysis to get a more comprehensive picture of the employment and benefits trajectories. Conclusions Unemployment is followed by complex employment and benefits trajectories which further differ by sociodemographic groups and mental health-related healthcare use. Knowledge on the factors influencing these trajectories will help direct employment-promoting interventions towards different groups of unemployed. Key messages • Many unemployed job-seekers receive some type of social or sickness benefit after unemployment. • The employment and benefits trajectories after unemployment differ between those who had mental health-related healthcare use and those who did not, and further by sociodemographic factors.

How corporate real estate and facility managers perceive the benefits of different sustainability interventions

Climate change is pushing governments to implement sustainability regulations for the real estate sector. Together with the increased client demand to accommodate more sustainable buildings, corporate real estate (CRE) and facility managers are challenged to upgrade the offices that they use with more sustainable interventions. There are many different sustainability measures they could consider as potential interventions, which most likely would each deliver different types of benefits; both from the viewpoint of sustainability as regarding other important organizational outcomes that are influenced by them. This study first identified a list of potential sustainability-oriented interventions and potential benefits from a systematic literature review. Next, CRE/Facility managers were questioned on which interventions they are (considering) implementing and what short- or long-term benefits they are expecting to come out of them. This questioning was done through semi-structured interviews based on the laddering approach. Findings identified 33 potential measures, especially regarding services, skin, and the site. These were related to 18 different expected benefits. The economic, environmental, and social benefits were very diverse and there is no real consensus yet on their exact relationship with sustainable measures. The insights add to the gap in research on sustainability measures taken by CRE/Facility managers. In addition, they give other CRE/Facility managers in practice insight in current experiences and perceived benefits of interventions by their colleagues, to inspire and support their own decision making.

PRESENT STATUS OF PEOPLES’ PARTICIPATION IN SOCIAL FORESTRY PROGRAM AT SAKHIPUR UPAZILA OF TANGAIL DISTRICT, BANGLADESH

Social forestry (SF) in Bangladesh is designed as a development strategy to promote the bio-socioeconomic conditions through poverty alleviation and better distribution of income. Success of this program depends on the active participation of the target people. SF program was initiated in Sakhipur Upazila of Tangail district in 1988-89. The study revealed that people are participating in SF activities organized by government and non-government organizations (NGOs) and are getting different types of benefits from the program. Of the respondents 80% are engaged in Forest Department’s and 20% are engaged in NGOs’ SF program. Among the participants 90% are male and 10% are female. Of the participants 80% are farmers, 11% are service holders and only 9% are housewives. In the study area participatory woodlot program involved majority (62%) of the participants, followed by sal forest coppice system (26%) and agroforestry (12%). SF plantation has increased overall income of the participants and now they are very careful to protect their plots against damages.

Actors in forums: work input and different types of benefits

AbstractForums provide venues where different actors from the public administration sector, the interest group sector, or the research sector jointly discuss an issue of common interest. This article analyses which types of benefits are related to actors’ investing working time to forums. Actors’ dedication and work are basic predicates for forums to be able to produce outputs. The analysis of members of eight forums dealing with habitat and natural hazard governance in Switzerland suggests that actors participating in forums attribute more importance to exchange benefits, corresponding to opportunities of interaction with other actors – than to policy benefits – corresponding to opportunities for actors to influence policy or practice. However, more working time is invested by actors that lend importance to individual benefits – as opposed to collective benefits. These findings are important for understanding why actors provide work for forums in collaborative and polycentric governance systems.

Assessing the potential of strategic green roof implementation for green infrastructure: Insights from Sumida ward, Tokyo

Urban green spaces, and green infrastructure more generally, provide multiple benefits that can enhance urban livability and sustainability. These range from the mitigation of air pollution and urban heat island (UHI) effect, to multi-dimensional benefits to human wellbeing and biodiversity. However, the expansion of urban green spaces is not always feasible in many cities. In such urban contexts, there have been proposals to utilize rooftops as green roofs in order to gain some of these benefits. This study spatially identifies areas where roofs have the potential to provide different types of benefits associated with urban green spaces if they are retrofitted with green roofs. Through a GIS-based approach we catalogue available roof space in Sumida ward in Tokyo for green roof implementation, and subsequenlty evaluate the potential of each roof patch to offer four types of benefits if retrofitted with a green roof, namely UHI effect mitigation, air pollution mitigation, and benefits to subjective wellbeing and biodiversity. Approximately 25% of the total roof surface in Sumida ward can potentially be used for green roof implementation. Furthermore, about 5.2% and 59% of this area has a respectively high and moderate potential to provide all four benefits if retrofitted with green roofs. This could increase the extent of green spaces by 10% and 120% respectively across the Sumida ward. In this sense, green roofs can become a major element of green infrastructure with ripple positive effects for urban livability and sustainability through the provision of UHI effect and air pollution mitigation, and benefits to subjective wellbeing and biodiversity.

DOES PROXIMITY TO WATER BODIES IMPACTS MARKET VALUES OF RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES? CASE STUDY OF DIYAWANNAWA LAKE AREA

This study examined the impact of water bodies with a scenic view on residential property values around Diyawannawa lake located within Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte Municipal council (a suburban area of Colombo district). The study employed both primary (structural and environmental data related to properties, different types of benefits generated from waterbodies) and secondary data (market evidence) whilst the data analysis included content analysis and a regression analysis (hedonic pricing model). Water bodies with scenic views generate multiple utilities for residents such as observing nature, relaxation, and playing, pleasant views, appreciation of colour and sounds, relationships with family members and neighbors, a place to exercise and cycling, stress relief likewise. According to the study, between 2019-2020, a residential property with a scenic view of 600 or more to Diyawannawa Lake had a premium market value of Rs. 803,433.05 compared to other properties. Furthermore, the residential properties one meter away from such water body showed a decrease in market value of Rs. 23049.65. These findings will raise awareness on the benefits of water bodies with scenic views and it will lead to greater acceptance by residents, developers, local authorities to invest and protect them, which could contribute to overcoming one of the barriers to maintaining such water bodies in good condition.
 Keywords: water bodies; residential property; market value

Customs Benefits: Mechanism of Establishment and Practice in the Application

In the current context national goals in the field of economy are associated with further strengthening the competitiveness of Russian products on world markets, supporting national producers, stimulating investment activity. One of the conditions for their implementation is the application of regulation of foreign trade activities through the granting of benefits. The purpose of this article is to analyze and systematize the existing customs privileges within the framework of supranational and national legislation. A competent and transparent organization of system customs benefits allows not only foreign trade participants to save financial resources, but also to increase the investment attractiveness of the state. In the process of studying the EAEU legislation for customs privileges, it was revealed that different types of benefits are established by various regulatory legal acts; there is no understandable and clearly built system. The existing customs privileges are systematized and the basic rules for their application are described in the article. The content of each type of customs benefits has been disclosed. The analysis of the customs benefits in the Russian Federation during various periods of integration was carried out. Keywords. Customs regulation, customs benefits, preferences, customs payments, tariff privileges.

Values for protecting the Great Barrier Reef: A review and synthesis of studies over the past 35 years

Assessing the economic value of improved protection of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is important to demonstrate the consequences of loss and to evaluate the public benefits of programs to reduce pressures and address degradation. However, those values are not easy to measure, in part because of the diversity and complexity of the GBR, and because there are very different types of benefits involved. Since 1985, there have been over 40 major studies that have assessed values for these components at the whole GBR level, and many more for components at smaller scales. This study synthesises estimates from the major valuation studies in the GBR since 1985, generating estimates of average values across different benefit categories. We observe mixed results. While values are often reasonably consistent within sub-categories, there is mixed evidence about temporal trends and the small number of available studies makes it difficult to draw definitive outcomes.

Valuing the Invaluable(?)—A Framework to Facilitate Stakeholder Engagement in the Planning of Nature-Based Solutions

Nature-based solutions (NBS) have emerged as an important concept to build climate resilience in cities whilst providing a wide range of ecological, economic, and social co-benefits. With the ambition of increasing NBS uptake, diverse actors have been developing means to demonstrate and prove these benefits. However, the multifunctionality, the different types of benefits provided, and the context-specificity make it difficult to capture and communicate their overall value. In this paper, a value-based framework is presented that allows for structured navigation through these issues with the goal of identifying key values and engaging beneficiaries from the public, private, and civil society sector in the development of NBS. Applied methods such as focus groups, interviews, and surveys were used to assess different framework components and their interlinkages, as well as to test its applicability in urban planning. Results suggest that more specialized “hard facts” might be needed to actually attract larger investments of specific actors. However, the softer and more holistic approach could inspire and support the forming of alliances amongst a wider range of urban stakeholders and the prioritization of specific benefits for further assessment. Consequently, it is argued that both hard and soft approaches to nature valuation will be necessary to further promote and drive the uptake of NBS in cities.

Process-based approach to organizing the accounting of labor costs and motivation in the digital economy

The article discusses the main risks of accounting for settlements with personnel in modern conditions, including those caused by significant changes in legislation, in terms of regulating the procedure for implementing expenses for labor remuneration. The authors systematized the main risks pursuant to a number of basic accounting criteria: purpose, order, content. The proposed approach, in contrast to the existing approaches, allows to quickly segment problematic risk areas of work in accounting. The article presents the characteristics of accounting procedures in the course of reflecting operations related to the accrual, retention and payment of wages, considering the conditions of digital transformation, where, in contrast to the existing approaches, the aspects of the influence of endo- and exogenous factors in the dynamics of the development of digital transformations are systematized. The content of IAS 19 Employee Benefits has been structured by different types of benefits. The criteria for recognizing the fact of remuneration are considered, a critical assessment of the classification and approaches to different types of remuneration in the context of noonomics is given.

The pensions dashboard: an actuarial perspective

Abstract The pensions dashboard has been talked about across the industry for a long time. With the proposed implementation date of 2019 (although it has been questioned by some whether this is achievable or not), it is time to consider the actuarial aspects behind providing individuals with details of their pension benefits. This paper outlines the perspective of the IFoA’s Future Pensions Landscape working party. The paper considers the objectives of the dashboard and the functionality that may be required to deliver on those. It also highlights the difficulties of the necessary consistency between different types of benefits and the need for alignment with other pensions communications. Lastly, it considers what is needed to enhance the dashboard to enable members to understand what their benefits might look like at retirement and the opportunities the dashboard delivers for further modelling and financial planning. Objectives and functionality Much has been made about the difficulty (or otherwise) of delivering on the promise of a pensions dashboard, but ultimately that will depend on what it aims to provide for the individual. The working party has considered the short and longer-term opportunities with a dashboard and what functionality these may require. It is clear that a balance between functionality and deliverability must be struck to ensure that something meaningful is delivered within a reasonable timeframe (2). Different types of benefits The working party has considered the features of occupational and personal pensions, defined benefit (DB) schemes (5.21), defined contribution (DC) schemes (5.25) and the state pension (3). We believe that it is essential to deliver key information around each of them in a way that is consistent but takes account of the differences between them, including the need to: use scheme/benefit-specific pension commencement dates (4); display accrued and prospective benefits at retirement in real terms (5.6, 5.20); display dependants’ benefits when a part of the scheme rules (5.12); display details of benefits in payment or already in drawdown (5.4); ensure that deferred DBs are revalued to a recent date (5.22); be clear about the level of pension increases payable using inflation linking as a default (5.17); and outline any options on a benefit such as tax-free pension commencement lump sum (5.8). Having included the above, the dashboard must then consider how to allow for consistency of projection of benefits to the scheme/benefit-specific pension commencement dates. For DBs, this can be achieved relatively easily in real terms by allowing merely for future accrual based on the current position and benefit structure. For DC benefits, this needs a standardised approach. After consideration of multiple options (5.25), we have recommended a simplified projection approach using a risk-based allowance for real investment growth depending on the assets held (or a risk categorisation) (5.50). This would enable the dashboard to carry out consistent projections across DC pots. In an ideal world, we recommend that benefit statements use projections aligned to this approach, too. In order to build confidence in any dashboard (and in pensions in general), consistency between benefit statements and scheme provision of information is key (8). This includes the need for dates and speed of information provision, the type of information provided and assumptions and projection approaches to be standardised. We have also considered other hybrid benefit structures that exist. Many or all of these can revert to using the approach outlined for DB, DC, or a combination of the two along with the expertise of a provider to achieve the aims of consistent dashboard provision (6). We have also tried to allow for some of the legacy or complex issues within the UK pensions landscape that we consider relevant to the provision of a usable dashboard, such as the need to include Guaranteed Annuity Rates, and the need to explain the various risks and uncertainties with both DB and DC provision (7). Future opportunities for supporting financial planning The working party has considered the longer-term opportunities to use the dashboard to assist individuals with planning for their retirement. We recommend that the dashboard infrastructure be set up with this in mind from the beginning, even if the deployment of this type of support is a long way away (9) or even provided through third parties (10). The working party looks forward to the Department for Work and Pensions feasibility study on the dashboard (which is due for publication) and welcomes the chance to influence the shape of what has the potential to be a huge engagement opportunity for the pensions industry.

Detecting earnings manipulation and fraudulent financial reporting in Slovakia

Research background: Misleading financial reporting has a negative impact on all stakeholders since financial records are the primary source of information on financial stability, economic activity, and financial health of any company. The handling of them is primarily the responsibility of managers or owners and reasons for doing so may differ. Their common denominator is the artificial creation of information asymmetry to get different types of benefits. It is, therefore, logical that the issue of detecting opportunistic earnings management comes to the fore.
 Purpose of the article: The purpose of the study is to create a discriminant model of the detection of earnings manipulators in the conditions of the Slovak economy. 
 Methods: We used the discriminant analysis to create a model to identify fraudulent companies, based on the real data on companies that were convicted from misleading financial reporting in connection with tax fraud in the years 2009?2018. The model is inspired by the Beneish model, which is one of the most applied fraud detection methods at all.
 Findings & Value added: In order to achieve more accurate detection results, we extended the original model by taking into account the values of indicators from three consecutive years, i.e. by taking into account the development of the potential tendency of companies to be involved in opportunistic earnings management. Our model correctly identified 86.4% of fraudulent companies and overall reaches 84.1% classification ability. Both models were applied on empirical data on 1,900 Slovak companies from the years 2016?2018, while their overlap was 32.7% for fraudulent companies and 38.4% for non-fraud companies. This is a very useful result, as the application of both models rein-forces the results obtained and the identical classification of the company into fraudulent indicates that the manipulation of earnings occurs with a high probability.

The Satisfaction Level of the Beneficiaries of Social Safety Net Programmes (SSNPs) in Bangladesh: A Practical Observation at Field Level

Abstract:
 Bangladesh government allocates an amount of money in its national budget every year for the wellbeing of citizens. With the spirit of liberation war and the independence of Bangladesh the present government in its roadmap of development “Vision 2021” has incorporated strategies for the banishment of poverty, inequality and human deprivation. To ensure the sustainable development the Government of Bangladesh has started a total of 126 Safety Net Programmes in the FY 2019-20. To explore the extent and to identify the satisfaction level of the beneficiaries of Social Safety Net Programmes (SSNPs) in Bangladesh, a field study has been conducted in the selected two union councils. Total 70 respondents have been interviewed in this regard. They all have enjoyed different types of benefits of SSNPs. In this study, researchers have been noticed that how many beneficiaries are satisfied after getting the benefits of SSNPs and how many beneficiaries are not satisfied after getting the benefits. The study also found that how the socio-economic conditions of beneficiaries have been changed by getting the benefits.

Economic investigation for building a high-speed rail in developing countries: The case of Egypt

High-speed rail (HSR) is the technology that allows trains to run at a speed up to 350 km/h. This study examines the economic viability of the proposed Cairo-Aswan high-speed line. The framework identifies the prospective costs of the project and its benefits. The evaluation of different types of benefits and costs includes a sequence of analytical procedures by applying a Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) to include all costs and benefits. The results show that the project has a positive Net Present Value (NPV) up to $10 billion. A sensitivity analysis is performed on operating cost, ticket price, and passenger flow. Thereafter, a model for calculating the number of trains is deduced and converted into a Nomo-graph based on annual passengers, train speed, number of train seats, and line length by linking these factors to each other. To verify the developed model, five cases with different parameters are examined.

Ecological Transitions in Grouping Benefits Explain the Paradox of Environmental Quality and Sociality.

Both benign and harsh environments promote the evolution of sociality. This paradox-societies occur in environments of such contrasting quality-may be explained by the different types of benefits that individuals receive from grouping: resource defense benefits that derive from group-defended critical resources versus collective action benefits that result from social cooperation among group members. Here, we investigate cooperative behavior in the burying beetle Nicrophorus nepalensis along an elevational gradient where environmental quality (climate and competition) varies with altitude. We show that climate (temperature) and competition (both intra- and interspecific) independently and synergistically influence sociality via different grouping benefits that vary along the gradient. At low elevations where interspecific competition for resources is intense, groups gain from the collective action benefit of increased interspecific competitive ability. In contrast, pairs have higher fitness at intermediate elevations where intraspecific competition for resources is greatest because resource defense is the key grouping benefit. However, groups and pairs have similar fitness at high elevations, suggesting that there is no grouping benefit in such physiologically challenging environments. Our results demonstrate that sociality is favored for different reasons under a range of environmental conditions, perhaps explaining why animal societies occur in environments of such contrasting quality.

Project GENESIS: An All-inclusive Model to Perform Cost-Benefit Analysis of Green Roofs and Walls

Green roofs and walls are one of the most promising alternatives for retrofitting existing built environments and tackle urban challenges in a multifunctional way. Yet, these solutions are being confined to specific countries or cities, as their economic contribution has not been fully examined nor accepted. GENESIS is a trans-disciplinary project funded by FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia that will develop a systematic and comprehensive model to support potential investors or decision-makers, balancing the costs with the benefits of green roofs and walls in a life cycle perspective. The main objective of the project is to enhance existing cost-benefit analysis of green roofs and walls through a multidisciplinary approach that will allow the replication in different regions and type of infrastructures. This will be achieved by: i) monetizing and including all economic, social and environmental benefits in the analysis in order to weight different types of benefits (even those that are typically difficult to estimate because they have no market value) and establish a comparative basis of alternative solutions and potential scenarios; ii) comprising an uncertainty model to cope with climate change and inaccurate forecasting of benefits/costs modelling and; iii) including multi-criteria mode in order to incorporate users and investors preferences. This all-inclusive model crucial for a wide spreading in is green roofs and walls and a more sustainable development in cities. Keywords: green roofs/walls; cost-benefit analysis; investors/users preferences; sustainable urban development; uncertainty

Self-Selected Music for Relational Trauma: Commentary on the Psychotherapy Case of "James"

This commentary discusses Dr. Paul Blimling’s (2019) composite case of James, a patient with a history of severe childhood interpersonal trauma, who responded remarkably well to individual psychotherapy augmented with the targeted use of self-selected music. I describe how music and psychotherapy both have their origins in the shamanistic practices of our hunter-gatherer ancestors, such that combining psychotherapy and music together is a reconciliation of sorts. The Case of James demonstrates how music can be used in psychotherapy with a counter-dependent patient, to help the patient to access sensitive, vulnerable feelings that normally would never be expressed to another person. In this case, the therapist’s keen sensitivity to the patient’s disorganized attachment style created an environment in which the patient eventually felt safe lowering his defenses and expressing his emotions in the treatment—with the help of five songs. Aside from the direct, visceral benefits of the music itself, the process of asking a relationally traumatized patient to select a song has other potential benefits. For example, it supports the patient’s sense of self (which, in the relationally traumatized patient, is likely fragmented), and it may reduce the "hot seat" feeling with a self-conscious patient, by shifting focus from the patient to the song. Songs selected by patients in advance of a session versus songs selected during a session may provide different types of information, and may have different types of benefits. If I were working with a patient such as James, two additional possibilities I would consider are (a) helping the patient to develop practical skills for managing overwhelming emotions, and (b) making the patient’s goals a more prominent focus throughout the treatment.

SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF PEAT EXTRACTION FIELDS

Peatland self-recovery after peat extraction is restricted and without any purposeful actions, recovery of the territories is disproportionately long. The abandoned peat fields are not only worthless from the point of view of biodiversity but are also large SEG issuers. By developing an inventory of extracted peat fields, it has been concluded that there are about 18,000 ha that are not re-cultivated and for now have lost their natural functions. The peat formation in these areas and ecosystems functions are disturbed or destroyed. There are a number of potential ways of re-cultivation of degraded peatlands that can provide different types of benefits – either to carry out economic activities or to re-naturalise territories. Each of the potential types of re-cultivation is able to deliver different types of benefits. Landowners should select the most appropriate and acceptable option for re-cultivation based on socio-economic, environmental and climate change mitigation criteria. Based on the research and the results obtained, a model for the sustainable use of peat extraction fields has been developed, that provides support for the planning of further use of degraded peatlands. The developed model provides information about financial, economic and environmental benefits of implementing a particular form of re-cultivation. Developed model ensures the optimal information balance between GHG emission reductions, ecosystem service assessments and socio-economic aspects of land use. Based on the findings and using the developed model, it is possible to implement deliberative management decisions regarding degraded peatlands, evaluate potential re-cultivation costs, plan the expected financial return, assess the benefits of climate mitigation and take into account natural values.

Digital health benefits evaluation frameworks: building the evidence to support Australia's National Digital Health Strategy.

Digital health benefits evaluation frameworks: building the evidence to support Australia's National Digital Health Strategy.

Spillover Benefits: Emphasizing Different Benefits of Environmental Behavior and Its Effects on Spillover.

To reduce environmental problems, people need to consistently engage in pro-environmental behaviors. Many environmentally friendly actions not only benefit the environment, but can also save money. Research suggests that emphasizing monetary benefits of pro-environmental behavior may hinder positive spillover to other pro-environmental behaviors. Yet, it is unclear why and under which circumstances this is the case. We propose that spillover effects depend on how emphasizing different types of benefits affects environmental self-identity, as a stronger environmental self-identity is more likely to lead to other pro-environmental actions. We hypothesize that emphasizing monetary benefits of pro-environmental behavior is less likely to strengthen environmental self-identity than emphasizing environmental benefits, and therefore not likely to lead to positive spillover. We tested our hypotheses in four experiments. In Study 1, we found that emphasizing the environmental benefits of pro-environmental behavior strengthened environmental self-identity, and resulted in positive spillover compared to not emphasizing any benefits or emphasizing monetary benefits. However, these results were not replicated in Study 2 that included a larger student sample. Yet, Study 3, including a large sample of the general population, showed that emphasizing monetary benefits weakens environmental self-identity and thereby leads to less spillover than emphasizing environmental benefits or not emphasizing any benefits. Similarly, Study 4 suggests that emphasizing monetary benefits may weaken environmental self-identity and decrease positive spillover compared to emphasizing environmental benefits or no benefits. Our findings suggest that environmental self-identity is not easily influenced by emphasizing different types of benefits of behavior, and consequently, spillover behavior is not easily promoted or inhibited. Yet, emphasizing monetary benefits may be a risk in some cases, as it may inhibit positive spillover.