Different Solvent Extracts Of Leaves Research Articles

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Different Solvent Extracts of Leaves and Stem of Alyxia reinwardtii Blume

Alyxia reinwardtii Blume (Pulasari) Apocynaceae is being widely used as a traditional medicine in treating various illnesses due to its phenolic, coumarins, lignans, iridoid glycosides alkaloids and flavonoids content. These compounds in A. reinwardtii were reported to be useful as medicinal and agricultural potentials. Hence, A. reinwardtii meets the rationale for antioxidant and antibacterial studies to replace synthetic substances using different solvents on the leaves and stem of A. reinwardtii using cold maceration. The Folin-Ciocalteu reagent assay was used to estimate the phenolic content of extracts. The total flavonoid content was determined using aluminum chloride. The antioxidant capacity of the samples was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay. Disc Diffusion Assay (DDA), Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were conducted to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus growth. Methanol was determined as the most effective solvent due to the highest crude yield obtained, (19.47 ± 2.80 %). Acetone showed the highest TPC content (170.44 ± 10.99 mg GAE/g) while hexane showed the highest TFC content (2957 ± 91.24 mg QE/g). Moreover, for DPPH, methanol inhibited the highest antioxidant (75.81 ± 12.62 %) and hexane for FRAP assay (2278.89 ± 69.47 mg AAE/g). Hexane extract is potentially effective with variable efficiency with DDA (11.17 ± 4.48 mm) while methanol extracts with MIC (0.63 μg/mL) and MBC (2.50 μg/mL) against E. coli. The results indicated that methanolic and hexane extract using cold maceration showed optimum antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The present study advocates that A. reinwardtii was a source of substantial antioxidant and antibacterial agents for potential pharmaceutical applications.

Qualitative and quantitative estimation of phyto constituents in different solvent extracts of leaf of Tabernaemontana divaricata

Leaves of Tabernaemontana divaricata extracts in petroleum ether, ethanol chloroform, methanol and aqueous were analyzed for their phytochemical screening. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis was performed to identify the presence of various phytoconstituents with standard procedures. The presence of Alkaloids, Glycosides, Flavonoids, Diterpenes, Phenol, Proteins, Carbohydrate, Saponins and Tannins. For quantitative estimation of total phenols, total flavonoids, total alkaloid, total chlorophyll and total ascorbic acid were studied. The present study concluded that T. divaricata plant has the ability to cure a variety of diseases because it contents valuable phytochemicals.

A Comparative Phytochemical and Biological Study between Different Solvent Extracts of Leaves and Stems Extracts of Erica arborea L. and Viburnum tinus L. Plants Growing in Tunisia

Background: Many Tunisian medicinal plants are widespread and are used in modern ethnomedecin due to their interesting biological activities. Considering natural products of plant origin, this study was conceived to evaluate the allelopathic effect of leaf and stem extracts of Erica arborea and Viburnum tinus on the seed germination and seedling development of Avena sativa. We identified the secondary metabolites that were responsible. Methods: Total phenols, flavonoids, tannins contents and antioxidant activity were evaluated using the Folin ciocalteux, Aluminum trichloride, vanillin and scavenging activity on 2, 2-diphenyl- 1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals methods, respectively. Leaf powders (5, 20, 40, 60 and 100 g) were macerated each with 1000 ml of distilled water for 24 h. The extracts were filtered through Whatman N°1 filter paper, pooled and concentrated under vacuum. Allelopathic bioassays were conducted using the obtained supernatant. Results: The obtained results indicated that acetonic extracts of the Viburnum leaves had the highest levels of total phenols (36.82 mg / g), flavonoïds (11.99 mg / g) and tannins (7.93 mg / g) and recorded a high antioxidant activity (0.054 mg / ml). Both test species showed that all organs had significant inhibitory effect on the development of Avena sativa. The leaves of Viburnum are best from the point of view inhibition of root length (-85.45%) and height of the aerial part (-78.95%). Conclusion: The inhibitory effects of these extracts were manifested much more on the development of seedlings. Extracts from Viburnum tinus leaves were the best inhibitors and could be regarded as promising candidates for natural plant source of antioxidant and herbicide agents.

Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Cryptocoryne spiralis var. spiralis and Cryptocoryne retrospiralis (Roxb) Kunth

Phytochemical screening and their antibacterial activity of plant are important parameters which lead to the isolation of new and novel compounds. Cryptocoryne spiralis (Retz) Fischer ex Wydler var. spiralis (CSS) and Cryptocoryne retrospiralis (Roxb) Kunth (CR), leaf and rhizome have been selected for phytochemical screening to identify the different classes of secondary metabolites. Antibacterial activity of different solvent extracts of leaf and rhizome were carried out by using agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by serial dilution technique. The inhibitory effect was studied using the growth pattern of these test organisms. GC-MS analysis was also done to determine the secondary metabolite profile. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of active compounds such as alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and glycosides. The ethanolic and methanolic extracts of both rhizome and leaf of both the species of Cryptocoryne showed good antimicrobial activity against Gram positive bacteria. Ethanolic extract of rhizome of CSS was found with highest inhibition efficacy in terms of its MIC (200 μg/ml) against Micrococcus aureus (NCIM 2802) and Bacillus subtilis (NCIM 2045). This is primarily due to the presence of Neomenthol, Menthol, Santalol, Cis- alpha Santalol, and Bicyclo (2, 2, 1) heptane, 2-methyl-3-methylene-2-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-, (1S-exo) in the ethanolic extracts of rhizome of CSS and CR respectively. These extracts revealed the presence of bio-active constituents which are known to exhibit Med properties so it may act as effective sources of natural antimicrobials.

Antimicrobial Activity of Marsilea quadrifolia (L.) Against Some Selected Pathogenic Microorganisms

Objective: To investigate the antimicrobial activity of different solvent extracts of leaf and stem of M. quadrifolia (L.) against selected human pathogenic microorganisms. Methods: The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by well diffusion method. The antibacterial and antifungal studies were carried out at the Department Laboratory, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Kumbakonam – 612 001, Tamilnadu, India during the months of July to December 2013. Wells of 6 mm diameter were punched in the agar medium and filled with different volumes of extracts (50mg/ml) contains 2.5, 3.75 and 5mg concentrations. Results: The antimicrobial activity of different solvent extracts of leaf and stem of M. quadrifolia at different concentrations was analyzed. Among the concentrations, 5mg of both leaf and stem extracts showed best antimicrobial activity than other concentrations 2.5 and 3.75mg. The leaf and stem extracts showed antimicrobial activity and produced the zone of inhibition ranges from 8 to 23mm. The aqueous leaf extract showed maximum zone of inhibition 23mm against Streptococcus pyogenes followed by ethanolic stem extract showed 21mm against Bacillus subtilis . The minimum antibacterial activity 8mm was observed by diethyl ether stem extract against Klebsiella pneumonia. The antifungal activity of diethyl ether leaf extract showed positive results in all tested fungal strains when compared to other solvent extracts. The maximum zone of inhibition 13mm was observed against Aspergillus terreus at 5mg of diethyl ether leaf extract. Aqueous and methanolic