Different Seasons Of Year Research Articles

English

The issue of water scarcity in Pakistan is a significant challenge which is due to exacerbated population growth as well as increase in freshwater demand. The application of wastewater for irrigation, especially in semi-urban regions, can indeed be a practical solution due to its ready availability and affordability. While wastewater can serve as a valuable resource in water-scarce regions, its use must be carefully managed to minimize potential risks to plant health, soil fertility, and human well-being. A study was conducted aiming to assess the seasonal changes in physicochemical properties of irrigated wastewater and their influence on morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). Sugarcane plants were grown for consecutive two years in peri-urban agricultural areas near the water channels. Sugarcane plants were grown in two different fields and irrigation of the crop was done with wastewater and freshwater, respectively. Water (wastewater and freshwater) and plant samples were collected four times in a year in different seasons (winter, spring, summer, fall) for two consecutive years (2016-2017). All the collected data had been subjected to multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) for assessing the impact of seasonal variation on plant responses under the influence of irrigated wastewater. The findings from the study highlighted the complex relationship between wastewater irrigation and the physiological responses of sugarcane plants. The observed increase in antioxidant activities of wastewater irrigated plants compared to freshwater irrigated plants suggested that sugarcane may undergo biochemical adjustments to cope with the stress induced by the contaminants present in the wastewater. Moreover, the significant differences in plant mineral contents across different seasons were observed which indicated the dynamic nature of nutrient availability in the irrigation water and its impact on plant growth and development. We concluded that wastewater irrigation can affect the potential output of the agriculture sector by altering plant physiology which underscores the importance of considering the quality of irrigation water in agricultural practices. For future prospectives, the study can be extended to other crops to develop comprehensive strategies for sustainable agriculture.

Dimensional variations in fusiform and ray initials over different seasons of year in Juglans regia Linn. from temperate type of climate of Kashmir Himalaya

Dimensional variations in fusiform and ray initials over different seasons of year in Juglans regia Linn. from temperate type of climate of Kashmir Himalaya

АКТИВНОСТЬ ТЛЕЙ-ПЕРЕНОСЧИКОВ ВИРУСОВ КАРТОФЕЛЯ В АРХАНГЕЛЬСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The research was carried out to study the activity of aphids that carry viruses on potato plantings in the southern part of Arkhangelsk region, to assess the degree of their prevalence and the need to apply plant protection measures. The work was carried out in 2018-2022. The catching of winged forms of aphids in potato plantings was carried out using yellow water traps. In total, over a five-year period, 834 aphids were caught visiting potato plantings, which belonged to 30 different species. The most effective carriers of potato viruses are 7 of them - Acyrthosiphum pisum Harr., Aphis fabae Scop., Aphis nasturtii Kalt., Aulacorthum solani Kalt., Hyperomyzus lactucae L., Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas and Rhopalosiphum padi L. These species were present on plantings annually (with the exception of M. euphorbiae Thomas), and their numbers varied from 82 (in 2020) to 181 (in 2021) individuals. At the same time, the share of aphids that carry viruses in their total number ranged from 56% (in 2022) to 82% (in 2018). Over the entire period of research, not a single individual of the aphid species Myzus persicae Sulz, the most harmful to potato plantings, was identified. The prevalence of virus-carrying aphids was insignificant; there were from 21 to 46 winged insects per 1 water trap during the growing season in different years. Aphids capable of transmitting potato viruses were present on the plantings throughout the entire growing season, which indicates the need for preventive and exterminatory measures to protect plants, based on systematic annual monitoring, which makes it possible to monitor changes in the species composition, numbers and flight dynamics of aphids.

The Effect of Morphophysiological Changes in Immune Organs on Lysozyme in Male Pike <i>Esox lucius</i>

The concentration of lysozyme in liver, kidney, spleen and serum, as well as the size of immune organs in male pike Esox lucius L. vary in different seasons of year. The enzyme concentrations in organs and serum are weakly interrelated. The organs by the absolute values of mass show a strong relationship with each other, while the correlation between their somatic indices is very weak. The size of the organs affects the concentration of lysozyme in the organs and serum. The liver plays a major role in annual fluctuations of lysozyme concentration in all the organs and serum. Kidney has a leveling effect on the concentration of the enzyme in liver and serum, whereas liver has the opposite effect. The most profound morphophysiological changes in organs and lysozyme as an indicator of nonspecific immunity coincide with the reproduction period of fish.

Seasonal Dynamics of the Upper Respiratory Tract Microbiome in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Increasing evidence suggests that seasonal changes can trigger the alternation of airway microbiome. However, the dynamics of the upper airway bacterial ecology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients across different seasons remains unclear. In this study, we present a 16S ribosomal RNA survey of the airway microbiome on 72 swab samples collected in different months (March, May, July, September, and November) in 2019 from 18 COPD patients and from six resampled patients in November in 2020. Our study uncovered a dynamic airway microbiota where changes appeared to be associated with seasonal alternation in COPD patients. Twelve clusters of temporal patterns were displayed by differential and clustering analysis along the time course, systematically revealing distinct microbial taxa that prefer to grow in cool and warm seasons, respectively. Moreover, the upper airway microbiome composition was relatively stable in the same season in different years. Given the tight association between airway microbiome and COPD disease progression, this study can provide useful information for clinically understanding the seasonal trend of disease phenotypes in COPD patients.

Feasibility of annual wet anaerobic digestion temperature-controlled by solar energy in cold areas

• Propose a novel anaerobic digestion system heated by solar energy. • The pilot experiments are carried out to prove the feasibility of the system. • Proved the operate feasibility of solar heated AD system in the cold area. • Show the annual performance and control strategy of solar heated AD system. In cold rural areas of China, variation in ambient temperature leads to higher heat loss of anaerobic digester, low digestion efficiency, and reduction of biogas production. Solar energy is publicly regarded as economical and suitable energy for steady biogas production. However, the high initial investment; and unstable energy supply of the solar-assisted system was the higher challenge of the steady biogas production system. This work aimed to develop a solar water heated anaerobic digestion system with efficient temperature control and present the feasibility of the annual biogas production system temperature-controlled by solar energy in the pilot study. Energy balance was analyzed theoretically between the evacuated tube solar water collector and the anaerobic digester at first. Then a biogas production system was developed in Lanzhou City, China and it mainly consists of a 3m3 insulated anaerobic digester and solar collector of 30 Φ58×1800mm evacuated tubes. Annual batch pilot experiments have been carried out to test the feasibility of the steady biogas production system temperature-controlled by solar energy in cold and arid areas. The result shows that the temperature-controlled solar energy anaerobic system can start successfully on the 10th, 8th, and 13th during the reaction period and operate smoothly during the whole year in different seasons. The slurry temperature of the three batches was all maintained at 26±1.1℃,37±1.3℃, and 52±1.1℃, while the temperature difference of solar water was 19.9℃, 15.5℃, and 30.5℃ under 3-4 days snowy or cloudy weather. The cumulative methane production at three temperatures was 0.562,0.632 and 0.846 m 3 /kg VS. The system runs steadily during the whole year by psychrophilic and mesophilic anaerobic (26℃ and 37℃) digestion in winter and spring and by thermophilic (52℃) anaerobic digestion in summer and autumn, which implies a high efficient operation strategy for agricultural and animal husbandry wastes treatment in cold and arid areas. These theoretical and experimental results provide a scientific basis and engineering reference for the application of biogas production temperature-controlled by solar energy and have important value and significance for the efficient and low-cost anaerobic digestion treatment of agricultural and animal husbandry wastes in cold and arid areas.

On the Development of a Wearable Animal Monitor

Animal monitoring is a task traditionally performed by pastoralists, as a way of ensuring the safety and well-being of animals; a tremendously arduous and lonely task, it requires long walks and extended periods of contact with the animals. The Internet of Things and the possibility of applying sensors to different kinds of devices, in particular the use of wearable sensors, has proven not only to be less invasive to the animals, but also to have a low cost and to be quite efficient. The present work analyses the most impactful monitored features in the behavior learning process and their learning results. It especially addresses the impact of a gyroscope, which heavily influences the cost of the collar. Based on the chosen set of sensors, a learning model is subsequently established, and the learning outcomes are analyzed. Finally, the animal behavior prediction capability of the learning model (which was based on the sensed data of adult animals) is additionally subjected and evaluated in a scenario featuring younger animals. Results suggest that not only is it possible to accurately classify these behaviors (with a balanced accuracy around 91%), but that removing the gyroscope can be advantageous. Results additionally show a positive contribution of the thermometer in behavior identification but evidences the need for further confirmation in future work, considering different seasons of different years and scenarios including more diverse animals' behavior.

A study of physico-chemical parameters of well and bore hole water in Pozhikkarai to Manavalakkurichi South Coast of Tamil Nādu

A systematic analysis has been carried out to explore physico-chemical parameters of ground water from well and bore hole in four different stations (sites) Pozhikarai, Periyakadu, Muttom, and Manavalakurichi in Kanyakumari District of South India. Well and bore hole water samples were collected from four stations in different seasons & in two years and analyzed for temperature, pH, turbidity, alkalinity, hardness, salinity, fluoride, chloride, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, BOD, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, nitrate, sulphate, ammonia, phosphate, total phosphorus, sodium, potassium and oxidation & reduction potential. Comparative studies of parameters in different stations and in different seasons in different years were also carried out. The physico-chemical parameters were analyzed and the results were compared with water quality standards described by WHO. The above study is useful to know the water quality and their fitness for drinking purposes at various stations undertaken.

Изменение лесных массивов северо-восточного региона Азербайджана по космическим снимкам

Among the most valuable natural resources of any country are its forest reserves. They need to be preserved. The need for forest protection also exists in Azerbaijan, where there is less forest per inhabitant than in neighboring countries. The use of modern data acquisition and processing methods as well as geographical information system technologies has reduced research in this area to a set of standard procedures. The article describes the stages of processing satellite images available in the public domain, using the case study of the north-eastern region of Azerbaijan, in order to compile forest cover maps over a number of different years. The Landsat images obtained during the summer seasons in different years from 1987 to 2018 are studied. The images covered the territory of 5 neighboring districts in the north-east of Azerbaijan. Preliminary processing of the images included radiometric calibration and atmospheric correction and was carried out using the ENVI software and the FLAASH module. The article also shows the final processing of images using the ArcGIS program in order to determine the areas covered by forests in different years. The analysis was based on the calculation of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The index was calculated for all considered satellite images. Then sections of images with high NDVI values were highlighted, vectorized, and the areas of the resulting polygons were found. Thus, a separate thematic layer is created for each year, showing the area of forest cover that year, i.e. 3 layers in total. The data obtained were summarized in a table, from which a diagram showing the dynamics of the forest area in the region was created. The data also became the basis for a thematic electronic map of forest loss. The continuation of this process has been described. For citation: Mamedaliyeva V.M. Changes in Forested Areas of the North-Eastern Region of Azerbaijan Revealed by Satellite Images. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2022, no. 1, pp. 88–97. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2022-1-88-97

MSW incineration bottom ash (MIBA) as a substitute to conventional materials in geotechnical applications: A characterization study from India and comparison with literature

The study characterizes Delhi municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash (MIBA) collected from three incineration plants over a period of 1.5 years in different seasons (monsoon, winter, summer). Physicochemical characteristics such as chemical composition, visual composition, grain-size distribution, specific gravity and loss on ignition as well as geotechnical characteristics i.e., compaction behaviour, permeability, compressibility and shear strength were ascertained on soil-sized fraction of Delhi MIBA (SSF-DBA) and the material was assessed for suitability of geotechnical reuse. Furthermore, the results were compared with three locally available granular materials i.e., Badarpur sand, Yamuna sand and coal bottom ash. Present work is the first detailed characterization on MIBA from a lower-income nation which also attempts to evaluate the differences (or similarities) with MIBA from higher-income nations through a comprehensive compilation of global experimental data.The study reveals higher SiO2, lower CaO and lower Fe2O3 content of SSF-DBA in comparison to higher-income nations. Additionally, greater percentage of fines and lower compacted unit weight has been observed for Indian MIBA. While permeability and compression index of SSF-DBA are similar to the results reported from other countries, angle of shearing resistance lies in a narrow range of 40-46° in comparison to the wide range of values (24-59°) reported in literature. The influence of different seasons on properties of SSF-DBA was only attributable to MSWI plant’s combustion efficiency as more unburnt organics resulted in lower stiffness and reduced shearing resistance of SSF-DBA. Mechanical behaviour of SSF-DBA compares favourably with other granular materials.

Promising introduced Black Cottonwood species for bioenergy and forage production

The winter-hardy introduced North American Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray is of particular interest. The results of the study of some clones of poplar on the experimental sites of the Voronezh region are presented. It was found that the rootability of standard stem cuttings of poplar was 98-100%. The survival of plants during the first 3-5 years varied from 75 to 100%. The growing season in different years was 135-146 days. The yield of standard cuttings on root-cutting plantations under favorable conditions and optimal age varied in different clones from 592 000 to 1 380 000 pieces per ha. The wood stock at the age of economical exploitability (~25 years) reached 400 m3/ha, while the stock of local balsam poplar at the same age reached 220 m3/ha. The green mass of leaves contained 0.22-0.28 feed units/kg. In addition, the content of digestible protein, calcium, phosphorus, carotene, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, nitrogen-free extractives and ash was determined. In general, studied clones of P. trichocarpa can be used in short rotation coppices for bioenergy and feed production, as well as in reclamation plantings. Clones of the poplar can be used in hybridization with black poplars to increase their winter hardiness.

Epidemiological characteristics of Chlamydia pneumoniae in cases with acute respiratory infection in Beijing, 2015-2019

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection among patients with acute respiratory infection in Beijing from 2015 to 2019. Methods: The epidemiological data of acute respiratory infection patients from 35 sentinel hospitals in Beijing were collected by the respiratory pathogen surveillance system in Beijing. The clinical samples were collected to detect Chlamydia pneumoniae, and the sequence of the VD4 region of the ompA gene in positive samples was analyzed. Results: From January 2015 to December 2019, the overall positive rate of Chlamydia pneumoniae among patients with acute respiratory infection in Beijing was 0.34% (129/37 460). The positive rate of Chlamydia pneumoniae generally increased in March, reaching the peak in May, and started to drop in July, with a duration of about 5-8 months. The epidemic season in different years fluctuated by 1-2 months. The positive monthly rate of Chlamydia pneumoniae was no less than 0.30% in every epidemic season. The positive rate of Chlamydia pneumoniae was the highest in the 5-44 years old group and the highest in 10-14 year-olds. The risk of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection increased with age in patients younger than 25 years old and decreased in those older one aged than 25 years of age. The positive rates in male and female patients were 0.33% (68/20 830) and 0.37% (61/16 528), respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (χ2=0.486, P=0.486). The positive rate of Chlamydia pneumoniae in patients with common pneumonia was higher than that in patients with upper pneumonia and severe pneumonia (χ2=36.797, P<0.01). Other respiratory pathogens were also detected in the Chlamydia pneumoniae samples, and the top four pathogens appeared as Haemophilus influenzae (15 cases), Streptococcus pneumoniae (13 cases), Rhinovirus (8 cases), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (7 cases). 101 strains of 129 Chlamydia pneumoniae positive samples were identified as type A by sequencing. Conclusions: The annual epidemic pattern of Chlamydia pneumoniae in Beijing, is unimodal, and the epidemic season generally appears from March to July. The seasonal characteristics of Chlamydia pneumoniae in Beijing can be used for the differential diagnosis of Chlamydia pneumoniae from other respiratory pathogens. Chlamydia pneumoniae is most common in people aged 5-44 years, and the primary genotype is type A. People aged 10-44 years old suffer the highest incidence. If the nucleic acid positive rate of Chlamydia pneumoniae exceeds 0.30% for two consecutive months, the high prevalence period of Chlamydia pneumoniae can be preliminarily expected. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection has a higher probability of progressing to severe pneumonia from general pneumonia.

Temporal and spatial distributions and sources of heavy metals in atmospheric deposition in western Taihu Lake, China

Heavy metals in atmospheric dust can directly pollute the soil, water and sediment, causing serious harm to human health. In this study, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals in atmospheric deposition in western Taihu Lake were studied. We established 10 sampling sites to collect atmospheric deposition for two years in different seasons. The atmospheric deposition flux follows the order urban area (95.6 g m−2·a−1) > suburban area (80.2 g m−2·a−1) > forestland (56.8 g m−2·a−1). The concentrations of heavy metals in atmospheric deposition show trends of high values in the winter and low values in the summer and are significantly negatively correlated with distance from the city. The pollution level of Igeo-Cd is 6, which is very high, and that of E-Cd is 219, which means high risk. Heavy metals in atmospheric deposition are mainly taken up via hand-mouth intake, and the harm to children is significantly higher than the harm to adults. The highest health risk assessment values for the four analyzed heavy metals in atmospheric deposition are located near the city and in suburbs (within 5 km of the city center), that is, in areas where human activities are concentrated. The health risk assessment values in areas outside the suburbs are low; these areas are less affected by human activities. The health risk assessment values of heavy metals in the winter and spring are higher than those in the summer and autumn. The Pb isotope ratios show that the main sources of heavy metals in atmospheric deposition and local soil are human activities, such as industry and coal combustion, with less input from natural sources. Heavy metals in atmospheric deposition in the western part of Taihu Lake not only directly threaten local human health but also enter Taihu Lake, posing a serious threat to the Taihu Lake ecosystem.

Impact of economic activity on geoecological transformation of the basin of the Zhovtenka River (Ukraine)

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; The article presents the results of the study on the current geoecological condi- tion of the basin of the Zhovtenka River. The study object corresponded to the criteria of a small river, having the length of 42 km and the area of the drainage basin of 293 km2. According to the geographic peculiarities and the level of anthropogenic impact it is a typical small river of the Ukrainian Steppe zone. At the current stage of water management, the river and its tributaries are significantly regulated by artificial aquatic objects – ponds and a water reservoir. The total number of hydrotechnical facilities that form the water bodies is 34 levees. On the river itself, average density of water bodies equals 1 pond per every 2 km of the river length. Such regula- tion contradicts the norms of the current water protection legislation of Ukraine. As a result of fragmentation, the river has turned into a cascade of evaporation ponds. Special ecological threat to water use is the quality of water in the ponds. We determined that due to absence of current and low water exchange, the saline content in water undergoes significant changes. During the field surveys, we collected samples and determined the parameters of mineralization, content of chlorides and sulfates in 10 water bodies. Sampling was carried out during the year in different seasons. We determined that the averaged parameters of mineralization level change within the range of 9.000 mg/dm 3 in spring to 13.000 mg/dm 3 in summer and autumn. The content of chlorides varies within 2.600-3.600 mg/dm 3, sulfates – 4.000-4.800 mg/dm 3 according to the similar seasonal dependence. Due to changes in the climatic conditions and current tendencies of warming and dry climate, decrease in the water resources heightens the risks of irreversible geoecological degradation of the river. Significant regulation and evaporation-caused loss of water leads to rapid shoaling of the water bodies and growth of aquatic-marsh vegetation. The authors suggest an approach to assessment of the level of geoecological transformation of the river basin based on determining quantitative parameters of the constituents of the elements of natural ecosystems and elements of negative anthropogenic impact. We proposed calculation of various coefficients (indicators) which alter the natural condition of water ecosystems, particularly: coefficients of fragmentation, coefficients of urbanization, coefficients of alienation, etc. We present a pos- sibility of using them in relation to the length of the river and hydrographic network, as well as the area of drainage. We determined that percentage parameter of geoecological impact was seen in 94.3% of the area of the drainage basin or 87.4% of the river length. We suggest approaches that would minimize the deleterious impact of economic activity and gradually restore the condition of aquatic ecosystem of the river. The article provides recommendations of using coefficients of geoecological transformation of river ecosystems.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Etiological characteristics of acute respiratory diseases in servicemen of the Western military district in 2014-2019

The species affiliation of respiratory pathogens isolated from patients and carriers in the military units of the Western Military District in 2014-2019 was studied. The analysis of long-term and seasonal dynamics of their circulation is carried out. It was found that S. pneumoniae and adenoviruses are more often detected in acute respiratory diseases in conscripts. The genetic material of adenoviruses was found in 31,9% of samples, influenza viruses in 13,3%, rhinoviruses in 11,2%, respiratory syncytial viruses in 1,7%, metapneumoviruses in 0,9%, parainfluenza viruses 0,7%, bocaviruses0,5%, coronaviruses 0,1%, S. pneumoniae 33,9%, H. influenzae 13%, M. pneumoniae 9%, C. pneumoniae - in 3,3%, N. meningitidis - in 16%. Comparison of the results of work with studies carried out by domestic research groups among the civilian population in the same period showed that the circulation of various respiratory viruses depends on the year, season, and is also influenced by socio-demographic factors. A direct high functional correlation was found between the dynamics of circulation of adenovirus and S. pneumoniae in different years and epidemic seasons. Evidence has been obtained of the active implementation of the process of self-maintenance of the reservoir of infections and the multifactorial nature of the overall environmental sustainability of the system in organized military teams. In the etiological structure of respiratory infections, the proportion of pathogens varies depending on the season in different years, the characteristics of the formation and composition of organized groups, as well as epidemic periods.

Production of potable water from Gomti River by using modified double slope solar still with external mounted reflectors

The aim of this study is to improve the production of potable water through ultra modified double slope solar still (UMDSSS) by harvesting of direct solar energy as well as diffused radiation through transparent side walls. The setup was fabricated in combination with FRP and transparent acrylic sheets with a total basin area of 2 m2. Reflectors angles (30°, 45°, 60°, and 75°) were optimized for climatic conditions of Lucknow (26°30′ N, 80°13′ E), U.P., India. On the basis of productivity, optimized reflector angle has been found as 60°. The experimental and theoretical studies were carried out in the different seasons of year 2018. The basin water depth and glass cover tilt angle have been taken as 1.0 cm and 15° respectively. Our experimental investigation shows that the cumulative distillate productivity was obtained as 9157 ml/day and 6630 ml/day during summer and winter season, respectively at 60° reflector angle. The performance evaluation has been carried out in terms of physicochemical environmental parameters, productivity, and economic analysis. On the basis of economic analysis, the payback period was found 111 days and thermal efficiency of ultramodified solar still is higher 10.4% in summer and 10.0% in winter than that modified solar still.

Soil microbial communities respond to an environmental gradient of grazing intensity in south Patagonia Argentina

Soil microorganisms communities regulate key functions in terrestrial ecosystems and contributes to the formation of stable organic matter and hence climate change mitigation. The structure, diversity and activity of soil microbial communities are influenced by the quantity and quality of organic compounds entering soils through the contribution of their root exudates and plant litter, which the microorganisms use as a substrate for biosynthesis and energy source. However, grazing effect on the soil microorganisms showed variable results dependent on the ecosystem under study. One of the main challenges of this millennium is the sustainability of agricultural production, especially in fragile soils such as those present in Patagonia. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the responses of microbial biomass carbon (MBC), soil basal respiration (SBR), the derived coefficients and the abundance of fungi and bacteria under contrasting long-term grazing intensities in an environmental gradient. The study was established in three ecological areas Mata Negra Thicket (MNT), Dry Magellanic Steppe (DMS) and Humid Magellanic Steppe (HMS) with two grazing intensities. Soil samples were taken over two years in different seasons (autumn, winter, spring and summer). Results showed that biotic and abiotic factors (temperature and precipitation), plant communities and soil characteristics modulated the microbial structure and function in ecological area. On the other hand, high grazing intensity decreased the MBC and microbial coefficient (qM). There was a seasonal and interannual dynamic in the MBC and the bacteria and fungal communities, attributed mainly to temperature and precipitation. The results indicated that the effect of grazing intensity in soil microbial communities depends largely on intrinsic characteristics of each ecological area defined by the environmental gradient.

Double decomposition and optimal combination ensemble learning approach for interval-valued AQI forecasting using streaming data.

To forecast possible future environmental risks, numerous models are developed to predict the hourly values or daily averages of air pollutant concentrations using streaming data (a kind of big data collected from the Internet). On the one hand, real-time hourly data is massive and redundant, making it difficult to process. On the other hand, daily averages cannot reflect the fluctuations of air pollutant concentrations throughout the day. Therefore, a double decomposition and optimal combination ensemble learning approach is proposed for interval-valued AQI (air quality index) forecasting in this paper. In the first decomposition, considering the strong seasonal representation of AQI, the original data of each year is decomposed into four seasonal subseries on the basis of the Chinese calendar. Subsequently, we reconstruct the data of the same season in different years to get a new seasonal series to reduce the interference of seasonal changes on AQI forecasting. In the second decomposition, due to the nonlinearity and irregularity of interval-valued AQI time series, BEMD (bivariate empirical mode decomposition) is employed to decompose the interval-valued signals into a finite number of complex-valued IMF (intrinsic mode function) components and one complex-valued residue component with different frequencies to reduce the complexity of interval times series. Interval multilayer perceptron (iMLP) is utilized to model the lower bound and the upper bound simultaneously of the total components to obtain the corresponding forecasting results, which are merged to produce the final interval-valued output by an optimal combination ensemble method. Empirical study results show that the proposed model with different datasets and different forecasting horizons is significantly better than other considered models for its superior forecasting performances.

Using Logistic Regression with Time-Stratified Method for Air Pollution Datasets Forecasting

Particular matter (PM10) studying and forecasting is necessary to control and reduce the damage of environment and human health. There are many pollutants as sources of air pollution may effect on PM10 variable. Studied datasets have been taken from the Kuala Lumpur meteorological station, Malaysia. Logistic regression (LR) is built by using generalized linear model as a special case of linear statistical methods, therefore it may reflect inaccurate results when used with nonlinear datasets. Time stratified (TS) method in different styles is proposed for satisfying more homogeneity of datasets. It includes ordering similar seasons in different years together to formulate new variable smoother than their original. The results of LR model in this study reflect outperforming for time stratified datasets comparing to full dataset. In conclusion, LR forecasting can be depended after datasets time stratifying to satisfy more accuracy with nonlinear multivariate datasets in which PM10 is to dependent variable.

DISTRIBUTION OF DICTIOCAULOSIS OF CATTLE IN COMMODITY FARMS OF SUMY REGION

The article presents data on the establishment of the spread of dictyocaulosis of cattle in farms of different production facilities of Sumy region. According to researchers, a prominent place among the pulmonary helminthiasis of domestic and wild ruminants belongs to dictyocaulosis. Currently, nematodes are an unresolved problem in cattle farms. The work was performed during 2019 on the basis of the laboratory of the Department of Epizootology and Parasitology of Sumy National Agrarian University, as well as in the conditions of livestock farms of Sumy region, which specialize in the production of marketable milk. Feces were collected from animals systematically throughout the year in different seasons, followed by their study by standardized methods of Berman and Orlov. The intensity of the invasion was determined by counting the number of larvae in 1 g of feces at low magnification. Determination of the intensity of contamination of environmental objects by dictyocaul larvae was performed using the method of M.O Romanenko.&#x0D; In the course of research and analysis of statistical reporting, it was found that dictyocaulosis is one of the three most common invasive diseases diagnosed in cattle in Sumy region. It has been proven that the frequency of diagnosing cases of respiratory pathology of various etiologies has increased in livestock farms that are unfavorable for dictyocaulosis. A clear seasonal dynamics of dictyocaulosis in livestock of different age categories was established: in calves under one year of age, the maximum lesion of Dictyocaulus viviparus was registered in June, with an invasion extent of 69.21%. In calves under two years of age, dictyocaulosis was registered in spring and autumn (the extent of invasion in April was 62.1%, in late September-early October - 51.4%). In a study of cattle older than two years, the highest extent of dictyocaulous invasion was found in spring and autumn, respectively, 59.7% and 35.1%. The peak of the outbreak was recorded in late autumn, in contrast to the animals of younger age categories. The highest intensity of infestation is found in calves under one year of age in summer, in older age groups - in autumn. When determining the contamination of environmental objects with larvae of Dictyocaulus viviparus, the highest rates were observed on the vegetation of pastures, near water sources with insufficient levels of insolation. Contamination by larvae of Dictyocaulus viviparus of the surface layers of soil and water sources on pastures was lower and amounted to 52.5 and 32.5 %, respectively.