Different Regions Of Jordan Research Articles

In vitro antimycoplasmal activity of six Jordanian medicinal plants against three Mycoplasma species

The in vitro effect of six Jordanian traditional medicine plant methanolic extracts were tested against 32 isolates of Mycoplasma species; Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides LC (6), Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum (8) and M. putrefaciens (18), all isolated from either nasal swabs or milk, from sheep and goats in different regions in Jordan. All Mycoplasma species showed susceptibility to Artemisia herba-alba and Artemisia arborescens with MIC ranges from 3.125-12.5 mg/ml. Allium sativum and Punica grantum showed limited activity against some Mycoplasma isolates. Olea europea and Citrullus colocynthis showed no in vitro activity against any of the Mycoplasma species tested. Artemisia herba-alba and Artemisia arborescens may therefore be useful for the treatment of mycoplasma infections.

The in vitro effect of six antimicrobials against Mycoplasma putrefaciens, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides LC and Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum isolated from sheep and goats in jordan

Respiratory disease in sheep and goats is a major problem in Jordan and is often associated with Mycoplasma species. Without effective vaccines, control is mainly by chemotherapy, but the uncontrolled use of antimicrobials has led to concerns about the potential development of antimicrobial resistance. The in vitro effect of chloramphenicol, florfenicol, enrofloxacin, tylosin, erythromycin and oxytetracycline was determined against 32 isolates of Mycoplasma species-M. mycoides subsp. mycoides LC (6), M. capricolum subsp. capricolum (8) and M. putrefaciens (18), all isolated from either nasal swabs or milk, from sheep and goats in different regions of Jordan. The antimicrobial susceptibility showed some Mycoplasma species-specific differences, with M. capricolum subsp. capricolum being more susceptible to tylosin and erythromycin. Chloramphenicol and florfenicol were the least effective for all three Mycoplasma species. No trends or significant differences in antimicrobial susceptibilities were observed between sheep and goat isolates, between milk or nasal swab isolates, or between isolates from different regions of Jordan. Some isolates of M. capricolum subsp. capricolum and M. putrefaciens showed higher MIC levels with oxytetracycline, as did two isolates of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides LC with tylosin, possibly indicating signs of development of antimicrobial resistance.

Radioactivity concentrations of 40K, 134Cs, 137Cs, 90Sr, 241Am, 238Pu and 239+240Pu radionuclides in Jordanian soil samples

In November 2000, surface and core soil samples were collected from different regions of Jordan. The samples were analyzed by direct gamma spectrometry and combined radiochemical separation procedure to quantify 40K, 134Cs, 137Cs, 90Sr, 241Am, 238Pu and 239+240Pu radioactivity. Concentrations (Bq.kg -1 dry weight) have been observed to vary in the range 1.5–2.6 for 134Cs, 2.8–11.4 for 90Sr, and 0.13–0.48 for 241Am, 0.016–0.062 for 238Pu, 0.28–1.01 for 239+240Pu and 155–543 for 40K. The typical concentration of 137Cs found in topsoils (0–2 cm) ranged in 7.5–576 Bq.kg −1, dry weight. These values were greater than those observed in samples taken at greater depths (up to 32 cm). Activity ratios of 134Cs/ 137Cs, 90Sr/ 137Cs, 239+240Pu/ 137Cs, 238Pu/ 137Cs, 241Am/ 137Cs, 239+240Pu/ 238Pu and 241Am / 238Pu have mean values of 0.0049 (R=1), 0.29 (R=0.76), 0.41 (R=0.90), 0.39 (R=0.85), 0.41 (R=0.88), 7.72 (R=0.97) and 16.66 (R=0.98), respectively. The underlying concentrations were correlated and relatively higher than those reported in neighboring countries. One moss sample, as a biomonitor indicator, was measured and evaluated along with the soil samples. Its data showed higher concentrations of all measured radionuclides due to accumulations over years. The depth distribution of the fission product 137Cs and the total deposition (Bq.m −2) were also studied in selected samples. Estimations of the annual effective dose equivalent due to 137Cs-soil contamination showed values up to more than 200 μSv.

Potential Intake of Lithium by the Inhabitants of Different Regions in Jordan

Potential Intake of Lithium by the Inhabitants of Different Regions in Jordan

Potential intake of selenium by the inhabitants of different regions in Jordan

The margin between a deficient (∼0.02mg day‐1), an adequate (∼0.2mg day‐1) and toxic (∼2.4mg day‐1) intake of selenium is quite narrow, and this study sought to establish whether fruits grown in the Jordan Valley were safe for consumers, and yet capable of supplying a likely dietary requirement for the mineral. The mean levels of soil selenium were 0.64, 0.74 and 0.63mg kg–1in three different growing regions of the Valley, while the highest levels in citrus fruits were 2.5mg kg–1in clementines (Citrus mitis) and 3.31mg kg–1in the bomali (Citrus paradisi). As the latter values were on a dry weight basis, the risk of selenosis would appear to be minimal but, equally important, deficiency diseases should not be manifest either.

Experimental study of infiltration of windows manufactured in Jordan

This paper includes a description of a test rig designed and manufactured for the determination of infiltration through windows under simulated environmental conditions. It consists mainly of a chamber with facilities for mounting windows of different sizes on one of its sides. The chamber has a heating element for realistic simulation of room temperatures. The wind source is a large-diameter fan of 4.5 kW power. This test rig is used to study the infiltration characteristics of windows manufactured in Jordan. The study includes the effects of wind incident angles on infiltration rates. On the basis of the experimental results, the windows are classified as high and average quality windows. Infiltration prediction formulas for these two classes are derived. The measured infiltration rates are compared with those predicted by the derived formulas and with two additional published models. The results underscore the significance of testing of locally manufactured windows. They also include an application illustrating the effect of using any of the seven tested windows on infiltration costs in different regions of Jordan.