Different Regions Of Algeria Research Articles

Nitrate starvation associated with strong light induces astaxanthin accumulation in a new green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis isolated from Algerian freshwater

The unicellular microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis is of great interest because it is an exclusive and the richest source of natural astaxanthin (3, 3’- dihydroxy-β-carotene-4, 4’-dione). We carried out an isolation and screening of a new H. pluvialis strains with high astaxanthin production potential from Algerian freshwater. The isolated strains were assessed for their growth and astaxanthin accumulation under different stress conditions associated with high light intensity. The main goal of the present study was to select highly astaxanthin-producing H. pluvialis strains from the Algerian environment. Eighteen microalgae strains in total were isolated on a Bold’s basal medium from 48 aseptically collected freshwater samples from 5 different regions of Algeria. The identification of H. pluvialis was made according to morphological criteria. Growth tests have led to the selection of the best H. pluvialis strain that will be grown under stress (nutrient starvation and variable salinity) associated to high light intensity (200 µmol photons.m-2.s-1) to determine the optimal conditions of astaxanthin accumulation. Optimal nitrate concentration giving rise to maximum biomass was 0.50 g/L. Nitrate starvation associated with high light irradiance was most effective in induction of astaxanthin accumulation which reached 67.25 ± 2.28 mg/L in H. pluvialis cells. H. pluvialis morphology under such stress has shown the occurrence of mature aplanospores with thick cell wall. These results clearly show that the isolated H. pluvialis strain has a good performance to synthesize astaxanthin under nitrate starvation associated with high light irradiance suggesting its possible industrial culture for the production of this pigment.

Antibacterial activity of Lactobacilli detected in Algerian raw honeys against gram-negative bacteria

This study reports the isola on of Lactobacilli from Four (n=04) typical Apis Mellifeca raw honey samples collected from different regions in Algeria and the evalua on of their an bacterial ac vi es against Gram-negative bacteria. The isolation of Lactobacilli was performed using different media. Isolates were identified firrstly by catalase test, Gram staining and cells morphology, and confirmed by MALDI-TOF-MS. An bacterial activities of Bacterial cultures of selected Lactobacilli and their cell free supernatants were tested by agar spot assays and agar well diffusion assay. A total of eighteen (n=18) bacteria isolated from honey samples were presump vely iden ed as Lac- tobacillus spp. based on their posi ve Gram reactions, absence of catalase and their rod shape. MALDI-TOF MS iden ca on confirmed that all isolates were classified as Lactobacillus genus, but the results for their species were inconclusive with uncertainty between, Lactobacillus pentosus, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus paraplantarum. Isolates exhibited an microbial activity with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 11 ± 1.41 mm to 17.5 ± 0.71 mm. 6 on 11 Lactobacilli Supernatants demonstrated inhibitory ac vity against all target bacteria. This study reveals the existence of Lactobacilli in Algerian raw Honeys. These Lactobacilli possess an bacterial properties against Gram-negative bacteria, often responsible of human infections, and can be a favorable substitute to antibiotics.

L’implication des agriculteurs dans les coopératives dans un pays en transition vers une économie de marché : Une application aux coopératives agricoles de services algériennes

The transition economies of developing countries to a market economy has a strong impact on the governance of cooperatives, transforming them from state-controlled organizations to member-based organizations. Therefore an important part of the performance of cooperatives lies in strengthening their relationship with their members. We conduct a survey on cooperatives from different regions of Algeria. The estimation of a bivariate probit highlight the determinants of the relationship between governance participation and investment in cooperative. Comparison with other studies on different institutional contexts underlines the particularity of Algerian cooperatives.

Analyse multivariée des traits associés à la vigueur des semences de blé dur sous conditions salines

n thisstudy, the ability of germination, seedlings emergence and salt stress tolerance in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) wereevaluated by multivariate analysis using eight cultivars collected from different regions of Algeria. Two-way ANOVA indicatedsignificant effects of "salt stress" and"genotype"on all the attributes of germination and seedlings growth. The principal component analysis indicated that the first and second components accounted for about 64.5% of the variation among the traits analyzed. The second component includedthe coleoptileslength,seedlingslength and vigor index, and accountedfor nearly 60% of the variation. This component representedthe ability of wheat seedlings to grow under salt stress conditions. The hierarchical cluster analysis classified the eight genotypes into two groups. Results obtained suggestedthat selection for high values of the traits such as"coleoptileslength", ‘seedlingslength’and "seedsvigor"didimprove salt tolerance of durum wheat. In addition, the cross between the genotypes classified in groups I and II may increase the genetic diversity in this species, and enable efficient selection among the progeny obtained from these crosses.

New chemotype of essential oil of Achillea santolina L. collected from different regions of Algeria

Chemical composition of essential oil (EO) obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of Achillea santolina L. was analysed using GC and GC–MS. Especially, this study involved a large scale investigation, using different regions in which, five flowering wild growing populations collected from the high plateau of Algeria were engaged. Unlike previous reports, the current investigation showed very high EO yields for this plant (up to 1.7% w/w “dw”). The main result of the current study was the occurrence of a new chemotype rich in camphor (39.54–67.86%) and 1,8-cineole (7.14–8.57%).

Influence of the origin of metakaolin on pozzolanic reactivity of mortars

Cement is one of the main sources of environmental impacts of concrete use. It is thus recognized that the most pragmatic solution for minimizing environmental impacts of concrete is the reduction of the cement content. This could be achieved by replacing a part of cement with mineral additions such as fly ash, blast-furnace slag or metakaolin (MK) during concrete mixing.In recent years, the incorporation of MK in building materials is growing. Metakaolin (Al2Si2O2) is a material obtained by calcination of kaolinite between 500°C and 800°C.In this study, Three MK issued from three different regions in Algeria were tested. The regions are, Jijel, Gulema and Béchar. This study aims to investigate the effects of the origin of MK blended at early age. The chemical and minalorgiques analysis (XRD, BET, SSB and SEM) show a difference in their metakaolinite content. One mortar prepared with 15% substitution rates of cement with different MK. The early-age reactivity of metakaolin-blended cement mortar was investigated. Isothermal calorimetry and compressive strength tests were performed. The hydration rate and the evolution of Ca(OH)2 content of mortars were monitored using thermogravimetric analysis (ATG). The early age reactivity of the three MKs is very different.

New genetic identification and characterisation of 12 Algerian sheep breeds by microsatellite markers

Exposition of variations between breeds is very important for genetic diversity. Determination of this variation is needed to reveal population structure and relationship between populations and planning national breeding and conservation programmes. This study was carried out in 296 animals from 12 different local sheep breeds (Barbarine, Ouled Djellal, Ifilene, Srandi, Darâa, Rembi, Berbere, Taâdmit, Hamra, Sidaou, Tazegzawt and D’men) reared in different regions of Algeria. Fifteen microsatellite markers were used to determine between breed genetic diversity. The population of 12 sheep breeds studied from Algeria exhibited a high number of alleles (24.67) and polymorphic information content (0.90). Observed heterozygosity values were lower than expected for all molecular markers except INRA0123 locus. Obtained GST value from the present study indicated that 1.9% of total genetic variation resulted from the differences between the breeds. The present study supplied important information to understand between breed genetic differences. Moreover, it has provided the opportunity to discuss with previously reported results. In light of these findings, it can be said that studied microsatellite markers can be successfully used to determine genetic diversity and population structure in Algerian sheep breeds.

Earth construction in Algeria between tradition and modernity

In the south of Algeria, many indigenous settlements have been built using local earth construction techniques; in the north, despite the availability of suitable earth, only a few rural contemporary settlements have been built using ‘improved’ earth construction. This paper adopts a case study approach to examine and compare structural deficiencies of two earth-built housing settlements in different regions in Algeria. In the indigenous earth settlement in the south, where adobe was used in combination with local timber and stones, the dwellings exhibit many structural defects. Stabilisation of the soil and introduction of modern materials in the contemporary rammed earth settlement in the north has not, however, helped produce structurally adequate dwellings. These dwellings also exhibited many cracks and debonding of rendering, and thus did not fulfil the requirements and aspirations of their occupants. The study concludes that for a potentially successful earth building scheme there are inter-related factors that should be considered: selection of an appropriate soil and construction technique, implementation of a suitable structural design, construction and post-completion processes, availability of relevant skills and provision of adequate training on the construction technique.

Characterisation of phenolic compounds in Algerian honeys by RP-HPLC coupled to electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry

A total of 35 honey samples from different regions of Algeria were studied to determine their phenolic profiles. Phenolic compounds, products of the secondary metabolism of plants, were extracted with amberlite XAD-4 and analysed by liquid chromatography, with diode array detection and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry in negative ion polarity. By using colorometric assays, Erica honeys showed the highest content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids (245 ± 54 mg GAE/100 g and 29 ± 6 mg QE/100 g, respectively). More than 30 compounds were identified in the honey samples studied including 14 phenolic acids and 16 flavonoids. In general, honey samples showed different chromatographic profiles. It has been shown that 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, apigenin, chrysin, galangin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, luteolin and pinocembrin were present in all honey extracts. Moreover, caffeic, p-coumaric and vanillic acids; abscisic and syringic acids; and benzoic acid were detected in 34, 33 and 32 honey samples, respectively. The members of flavonol subclass were the most abundant of the identified flavonoids. Gallic and homovanillic acids, daidzein and myricetin were less present: 7, 5, 7 and 6 in honey samples, respectively. Caffeic and p-coumaric acids were potential floral markers for Capparis spinosa and Trifoliumn honeys, respectively.

Antimicrobial effects of six Algerian propolis extracts

SummaryThis study aimed to study the antimicrobial effect of propolis and determine the essential compounds which give it the antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial effect was investigated for six ethyl acetate extracts of propolis (EAPs) collected from different regions of Algeria on four pathogenic strains (Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) and two benefit strains (Bifidobacterium animalis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus). The results obtained in this study indicated that the different EAPs showed potential inhibitory effects on tested pathogenic strains with variable minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 0.3 and 9 mg ml−1, while the beneficial bacteria showed resistance against EAPs of propolis. The results demonstrated also that the flavonoid compounds have very low MIC values, while phenolic acid compounds have variables MIC values of 1–10 mg ml−1. These results indicated that propolis contains proven substances with antimicrobial activity and are a prelude to the investigations aimed at empowerment of the bee substance as a potential source of antimicrobial agents with multiple outlets.

Serological and molecular evidence of Q fever among small ruminant flocks in Algeria.

Q fever, a commonly reported zoonosis worldwide, is caused by infection with Coxiella burnetii, an obligate intracellular bacterium. The infection is often asymptomatic in ruminants, but it can lead to reproductive disorders with bacterial shedding into the environment. Between 2011 and 2013, a study was undertaken in small ruminant flocks in different regions of Algeria. A total of 35 flocks were visited and 227 sera and 267 genital swabs were collected from females after abortions or the lambing period to investigate Q fever infection. Indirect ELISA was used to detect specific antibodies against C. burnetii and real-time PCR for detecting bacterial DNA. Our survey indicated that 58% (95% CI=40-76%) of flocks had at least one positive animal (17 seropositive flocks) and individual seroprevalence was estimated at 14.1% (95% CI=11.8-16.4%) (32 seropositive animals). Bacterial excretion was observed in 21 flocks (60%), and 57 females showed evidence of C. burnetii shedding (21.3%). These results suggest that C. burnetii distribution is high at the flock level and that seropositive and infected (shedder) animals can be found all over the country. Further studies are needed in other regions and on different animal species to better understand the distribution and incidence of Q fever, as well as human exposure, and to develop an adequate prophylaxis program.

Modeling and forecasting energy consumption for residential buildings in Algeria using bottom-up approach

Buildings are the principal energy consumer and greatest fraction of greenhouse gas emissions in Algeria. Therefore, energy consumption forecasting is a critical and it helps to make good planning, long term strategies, efficient initiatives to curb emissions and controlling energy usage in the building sector. In this work, a bottom-up model has been used in modeling and forecasting of energy consumption for Algeria residential buildings until 2040. For estimating annual energy consumption, Algerian territory is divided into climatic zones according to annual cost of energy consumption needed for cooling and heating in the residential sector. The annual heating and cooling requirements of buildings in different regions of Algeria (48 stations) are evaluated using the degree-days method. Then, Geographic Information System (GIS) technique is used to create the cartography of climatic zone. In each zone, the energy consumption for heating, cooling and domestic appliances is calculated. The results showed, the final energy consumption increased from 73.23TWh in 2008 to 179.78TWh in 2040. In addition, climatic zone in Algeria is delineated in seven zones. Zone 7 consumes 73% of the final energy in Algeria. Cooking, heating and hot water are the major energy consumers in Algerian residential sector.

Extraction and analysis of biologically active compounds in different Algerian honeys

Aim: The aim of our work is to determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of honey from different regions in Algeria. Method: A qualitative and quantitative analysis was carried out on honey polyphenol extract with the characterization of the majors groups and the determination of the amount of total polyphenols. Results: The results indicate that the honey polyphenol extracts have different rates of phenolic compounds (Flavonoids, Tannins and Cardenolides). The polyphenol extracts present a concentration of 0.32, 0.4, 0.76 and 0.39 mg GAE/100 g for the extract of Mascara, Oran, Jijel and Tlemcen respectively. Conclusion: The different types of tested honey present a variable composition on phenolic compounds which allowed us to determine the different therapeutic properties of honey.

English

Wheat covers more than 2.5 million hectares in Algeria and is the main staple food crop and income generation for resources-limited farmers. Area cropped in wheat is expanding however, the quality is not well known and varies from region to region. Improvement of durum wheat quality is a major concern in Algeria to better cope with the consumers’ needs. Local landraces are highly appreciated for local bread and couscous, while the newly released cultivars quality is often affected by environmental factors. Four local durum varieties were studied in three different regions of Algeria (a sub littoral and two high plateau areas) during 2010/2011cropping season. Protein content, yellow berry and black spots on the grain levels, grain moisture level, thousand kernel weight and grain yield were analyzed. Results showed globally a P 12.5%, low yellow berry and black points levels) has been obtained. Key words: Durum wheat, rainfed conditions, quality, spatial variation, high plateau, littoral area.

Chemotypes of essential oil of unripe galls of Pistacia atlantica Desf. from Algeria

The essential oils (EOs) of unripe galls (from male and female plants) of a total number of 52 samples of Pistacia atlantica collected from different regions in Algeria were analysed by GC/MS and GC. The yields of the extraction of the EO by hydrodistillation vary from low to high values (0.08–1.89% v/w). The results of both methods of principal component analysis and hierarchical ascendant classification revealed the presence of two different chemotypes: α-pinene chemotype and α-pinene/sabinene/terpinen-4-ol chemotype.

Antimicrobial activity of Algerian propolis in foodborne pathogens and its quantitative chemical composition

ObjectiveTo evaluate the antimicrobial activity of propolis samples collected from different regions of Algeria and their chemical composition. MethodsThe antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Algerian propolis against Bacillus cereus (IPA), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923R), Escherichia coli (ATCC25922) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27893R) was evaluated by the disc diffusion method and determined as an equivalent of the inhibition zones diameters after incubation of the cultures at 37 °C for 24 h. The investigation of the polyphenol and flavonoid contents was done spectrophotometrically. ResultsThe ethanolic extract of Algerian propolis samples inhibited the growth of all examined microorganisms with the highest antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria. Polyphenol and flavonoids contents were variable, depending on the propolis samples and a positive correlation between antimicrobial activity and chemical composition was observed. ConclusionsAntimicrobial activity, polyphenol and flavonoid contents were variable, depending on the propolis sample. The strong antimicrobial activity of Algerian propolis may be due to high total phenolic and flavonoid contents and this study suggests potential use of propolis in foods.

Index of extraction of water surfaces from Landsat 7 ETM+ images

The aim of this study was to develop an index of water surfaces (IWS) for separating the water surfaces from other types of land use, by using the images of Landsat 7 ETM+. The index was applied on four areas characterized by different types of land use from different regions in Algeria. The first is from the center of Algeria (Landsat ETM+ scene: 195−36 acquired March 24, 2001); the second is from the east of Algeria (Landsat ETM+ scene: 193−35 acquired March 24, 2000); the third is from the west of Algeria (Landsat ETM+ scene: 197−36 acquired February 16, 2000); and the fourth is from the south of Algeria (Landsat ETM + scene: 197−43 acquired February 16, 2000). The results showed that the application of the IWS on the different tested areas can distinguish clearly the surface water from the other land use (basin dams, wadis, Sebkha, and Chott). These findings indicated that this index can be used in the mapping of the water surfaces.

Physicochemical Study and Composition of Argania spinosa Oil from Two Regions of Algeria

rich in essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. It is a source of oleic acid (47.7%) and linoleic acid (29.3) [10] and is rich in minor and noble compounds like tocopherols, polyphenols, sterols, carotenoids, xanthophyls, squalene [11], and saponins [12]. Many scientific studies have reported that the oil has many pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant [13], antiproliferative [14], cardioprotective [15], and hypolipemiant [16] activities. The aim of this present work was to determinate the composition of fatty acids and triacylglycerols of oils obtained from seeds of trees growing in two different regions of Algeria (Tindouf and Mostaganem) and to assess its physical and chemical parameters. The results will furthermore be important as an indication of the potential nutrient and economic utility of argan oil of Algeria as a new source of edible lipids. Table 1 presents the physical and chemical characteristics of argan oil of the two regions. The physical characteristics, density, refractive index, and absorbance in UV at 232 and 270 nm for argan oil of the two regions (Mostaganem and Tindouf) are comparable and compatible to the values reported by Moroccan standard (MS: 08.50.90) [10]. These values are consistent with those described in the MS (08.50.90) for which the values of the density for argan oil generally vary between 0.906–0.919 (at 20°) and for refractive index (at 20°) between (1.463–1.472) [10]. The absorbance in ultraviolet provides information on the quality of oils. The absorption at 232 and 270 nm is due to the presence of conjugated diene and triene systems. The degree of oxidation of the oil is reflected in its specific extinction at 232 and 270 nm. In fact, oils of good quality contain very few products of oxidation. Argan oil showed few absorbance at 232 and 270 nm. The chemical parameters of oil are as follow: the free fatty acids (FFA) value is 0.11–0.12%, this rate is much lower than the upper limit value (15%) established by the Moroccan standard (MS: 08.50.90) [10]. It means, we can confirm that our oils are virgin and not be altered. The iodine value (97.02 and 101.45) was due to its high content of unsaturated fatty acids (Table 1). The peroxide value (2.65 and 2.60 meqO 2 /kg oil) was below the limit of 20 meq of oxygen/kg of oil, showing the relative stability to oxidation of these oils. The saponification value (190.79 and 188.55) was lower; all these values agree with MS (08.50.90) [10]. The major fatty acids present in argan oil were oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids (Table 2). Oleic and linoleic acid were the main unsaturated fatty acids in argan oil (MS: 08.50.90) [10]; 79.88% of the compounds identified in argan oil are unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), and 20.12% are saturated fatty acids. The oleic acid content reached 50.30% for argan oil from Tindouf and 45.02% for Mostaganem. The oil of Tindouf contains 28.99% linoleic acid, while that of Mostaganem contains 36.80%. These results concurred with those reported by [17].

Physicochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Some Samples of Honey Produced by Beekeepers In Algeria

Abstract This study aims to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological quality of 11 samples of locally produced honey harvested from bee colonies across different regions of Algeria. Honeys analyzed are characterized by their different floral origins. Want germs are total aerobic mesophilic flora, total coliforms, anaerobic bacteria Sulfito-Drive (clostridium), yeasts and moulds. Water content, pH, the concentration of hydroxymethylfurfural and sucrose content were also measured. For the physicochemical properties, most of the samples meet the requirements of Codex Alimentarius. Microbiological results showed that there is heterogeneity in the load of microorganisms sampled. Honeys have a low microbial profile. Total coliforms and clostridium were not detected in any sample. For counting the total aerobic mesophilic flora (TAMF), two local and imported samples have a concentration greater than the standard TAMF. Yeasts and moulds were also present but at low levels, and figures in all but three samples were below the norm.

Safety and effectiveness of insulin analogues in type 2 diabetic patients from Algeria: a sub-analysis of the A1chieve study

AimTo determine the safety and effectiveness of insulin analogues in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients in the Algerian cohort of the A1chieve study and to examine the status of T2D management across different regions in Algeria. MethodsPatients starting therapy with biphasic insulin aspart 30, insulin detemir, insulin aspart (IAsp) or IAsp + basal insulin at their physicians' decision were included. The primary outcome was the incidence of serious adverse drug reactions (SADRs), including major hypoglycaemia. Secondary outcomes included changes from baseline to Week 24 in hypoglycaemia, glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PPPG), weight and quality of life (QoL, evaluated using the EQ-5D questionnaire). ResultsOverall, 1494 patients (mean±SD age: 60.1±10.3 years; body mass index: 28.1±4.9kg/m2; HbA1c: 9.2±1.8%) were enrolled. Poor baseline glucose control was revealed across the different Algerian regions with mean HbA1c varying from 8.9% to 9.6%. Two SADRs were reported during the study. The proportion of patients reporting major hypoglycaemic events decreased from 1.1% at baseline to 0.2% at Week 24 (p = 0.0017). Significant improvements in mean HbA1c (−1.3±2.0%), FPG (−38.8±79.9 mg/dL) and post-breakfast PPPG (−51.4±97.1 mg/dL) were observed in the entire cohort (all p < 0.001). The mean body weight increased by 0.9±3.8kg, while QoL increased by 9.2±16.7 points after 24 weeks. ConclusionsInsulin analogue therapy was well-tolerated and significantly improved blood glucose control over 24 weeks in the Algerian cohort.