Different Places In India Research Articles

Histochemical Investigation of Exotic Weed Lantana camara Linn

The histochemical Studies of leaves, Root and Stem of Lantena camara Linn.(Verbenaceae) in Maharashtra. It is a annual shrub grown widely in different places of India. The species has been investigated for the phytochemical, anti-oxidant and antimicrobial Potential. This paper encompasses a comprehensive review on histochemical and Biological aspects of Lantena camara L. For histochemical studies the freehand sections of leaves, stem and root were taken and treated with respective reagent in localize component, viz. Starch, protein, tannin, saponin, fat, and alkaloids in the tissues.
 Keywords: Histochemistry, Lantena, Alkaloids, Protein

A Synthesis Method to Generate Hourly Electricity Production Time-series of Wind Plants in Peru for Long-term Expansion Planning

Plenty of works have treated the system expansion planning problem in the presence of intermittent renewable energy resources like wind. However, most of those proposals have been approached from scenarios of plenty of data, which is not the rule in developing countries, where principal investment actors have recently switched their focus. In contrast to operation problems where existing literature can be successfully applied since it requires short-term historical time-series gathered from the same studied plants, proposals for planning problems are almost impossible to apply because of a lack of information and measurement about renewable resources in places where no renewable plants have been previously installed. In order to fill this information gap, this paper presents a novel methodology to synthesize wind production time-series on an hourly time scale, taking as inputs aggregate data such as monthly wind speed average values and Weibull annual parameters. The methodology comprises four steps, from data gathering to calculating electrical power produced by a wind farm. Three application tests are performed for different places in India, Chile, and Peru to validate the proposed methodology. The results show that the methodology successfully synthesizes time-series of output power, correctly achieves persistence characteristics, and slightly over or underestimates the produced wind energy, having a discrepancy of 6.2% in the yearly total.

Comparative analysis of wind potential and characteristics using metaheuristic optimization algorithms at different places in India

Comparative analysis of wind potential and characteristics using metaheuristic optimization algorithms at different places in India

Impact of aerosols and reactive trace gases concentrations in India

The current scenario united the elite professionals, researchers and scientists throughout the globe to accelerate the sharing of scientific findings making the future brighter on mother Earth. The concentration of reactive trace gases in the atmosphere modulates the human health appreciably. This study presents the changes of aerosol and reactive gases load in the atmosphere from the recent past with the help of CAMS data in Indian domain. Reactive trace gases and aerosols (NO2, O3, SO2, CO & AOD) are now being recognised as having both positive and negative radiative forcing effects. The effects of changes have been studied and found that the concentration of chemically reactive gases and aerosols load drop down from their 17 years long period average (LPA) appreciably (60-70 %) over IGP and 35-40 % in other parts of India except O3 (Increase 20-30 %) in India during the month of April-2020.
 It is observed that the results are agrees quite well with the actual recorded data of CPCB stations located at 12 different places of India. The difference observed between actual observations and CAMS reanalysis during April -2019 & 2020 show that aerosol load in terms of PM-2.5 & PM-10 is appreciably drop down (60-70 %) over IGP and 25-30 % in other parts of India. The concentration of other reactive gases (NO2, SO2 &CO) also drops down about 32 %, 7 %, 17 % over IGP and 16 %, 8 %, 9 % in other parts of India respectively. The concentration of Ozone shows slightly positive behaviour over IGP and negative at other parts of India. 
 Few pockets of Central and South of India show higher concentration may due to ongoing essential activities of cluster of industries or delayed slowdown. The other reason may be the influx of moisture due to the pre-monsoon thunder storm activity during this period. Vertical air flow Omega (positive) at 850 hPa NCEP/NCAR reanalysis also support the confinement of gases at lower levels. This study is further brought out a message for future that we should use the natural resources judiciously as their long term consumption can cause severe health problems and a psychological burden or stress globally during this COVID-19 spread period.

Conservation Of Symphytum Officinale L. At Cmprh Garden, Emerald

Symphytum L. commonly called as comfrey, belongs to the family Boraginaceae. The genus of Symphytum L. have a great medicinal value and used to treat a wide variety of ailments viz., bronchial problems, sprains, broken bones, arthritis, acne and skin conditions whereas pharmacological effects of comfrey extracts are endorsed to several chemical compounds. In view of above point, the present study of Survey, Collection and Documentation of Symphytum species, were carried out in different places of India. The rhizomes of Symphytum species were collected from Mynala village of Nilgiris, subsequent survey were carried out to IIIM Chatha Research Farm Jammu Tawi during 2017-2018 and it was grown at CMPRH garden, Emerald to confirm the identification of plants species. This specimen was collected and preserved herbarium at CMPRH garden Emerald for future reference. Among plants parts roots and leaves are mostly used for homeopathic system of medicine and this species were maintained and reproduces subsequent year by seed and root fragments. Root cuttings are the least expensive method of propagation. In addition to that Performance of Symphytum officinale at Nilgiris conditions were observed and the results revealed that Symphytum officinale L. is an erect, perennial herb with thick root stock. Leaves oblong-lanceolate and flowers are blue in colour. The data on length of root ranged from 10-20 cm with black to brown colour. Similarly, the length of lower, middle and upper cauline leaves ranged from 32.3-37.2 cm, 25.2-27.8cm, 10.4- 13.2cm, respectively Whereas the width of the lower, middle, upper leaves ranged 12.5-17.4 cm , 7.6- 10.2cm , 3.4-4.1cm, respectively. Further, the studies on Symphytum officnale regarding root yield, dry matter ratio of leaves and roots as well as physiochemical properties other chemical compounds present and uses in homoeopathic system of the medicine under the Nilgiris condition are need to be studied elaborately in future.

VIRTUAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENT IS PLEASURE OR PRESSURE

The primary aim of this study intends the perception of students towards online learning in the covid-19 pandemic period. The pandemic has changed the traditional concepts of the education system and broken the functions of the educational institutions. But, they give it an opportunity to change pedagogy. The research paper discussed the students’ opinions on online learning/virtual classroom learning. This study applied a qualitative approach and prepared a systematic questionnaire for data collection. The researcher collected the data from 258 students from different places in India and also, the disproportionate sampling used for data collection. The research mainly focused on the student’s perception, the comfort and discomfort of e-learning, using electronic devices for communication, the virtual learning is a pleasure or pressure to the students, the digital skills of the students and their active performance. The study revealed that over 50% of the students are having excellent knowledge of digital skills. The students are attending online classes through their personal computers or laptops and phones. The teachers are allowing the students to ask questions and clear the doubt of the students. The study found that the students are losing social interaction with teachers, friends and cannot access the library because of online classes. Finally, the students felt that online learning is a pressure instead of pleasure.

OBNOXIOUS PLANTS AND WEEDS OF DISTRICT LAKHIMPUR KHERI AND IN ADJACENT AREAS OF U.P. INDIA

In this present study, the paper innumerate 101 Obnoxious Angiospermic plants those are growing in District Lakhimpur Kheri and the adjacent areas. In this survey total district area was studied and collected the information of the Obnoxious Angiospermic plants that are grown, wild, planted, cultivated & naturalized of road sides, park avenues and gardens in the area. Since a great change has been seen within last 05 years in the wild and cultivated species. That there are some plants those not eaten by animals. Therefore, there is a great need for a complete study conducted on the obnoxious plants. The plants were identified with the help of different published flora and herbarium lodged in different places of India. A survey of Obnoxious plants and Weeds was conducted for 5 year (2010-2015), during the study period it has been put in mind that no place should be missed because every and each place is highly valuable and important to collect and record new plant species. The progressive and repeated Botanical survey in understanding of the flora of a region gives an uptodate information about plants growing in that area. The critical review of a literature reveals that the work on an Angiospermic flora covering district Lakhimpur Kheri was under taken by various workers in the past viz. Hooker (1872-1879), Duthei (1903-1929). But the survey was on all type of Angiospermic plants. Now it has been taken in mind that how many Obnoxious plants are growing in Lakhimpur Kheri district and adjacent areas.

Comparative Study of Withaferin A and Withanolide A in Different Cultivators of Withania Somnifera by RP-HPLC Method

Introduction: Ashwagandha (Withaniasomnifera) is a significant and highly valued medicinal plant in various indigenous system of medicine (Ayurveda, siddha and unani).In the present study an attempt is made to develop RP-HPLC method for the estimation of important chemical constituents like Withaferin-A and Withanolide-A. Also, qualitative and quantitative evaluation of Withaferin A and Withanolide collected from different cultivars. This method was reproducible, accurate and buffer free. Several samples collected from different parts of India and analyzed by HPLC using PDA detector. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Withaferin A and Withanolide A, India used as a reference standards for method development and analysis for W. Somnifera samples. Methanol, Acetonitrile, Water used was HPLC grade. One grams of each W. Somnifera powdered root plant material was weighed in to a conical flask. Methanol was added and this was extracted by sonication. Extraction was filtered through filter paper. The samples are analyzed by HPLC above developed HPLC method. Results: The analysis was performed on PhenomenexSphereclone ODS (2)column (4.6 X 250 mm, 5 μm particle size) through gradient mode using Acetonitrile and Water as mobile phase for 50 min and spectral acquisition was performed at λmax 227 nm. Conclusion: The comparative studies done for variations of Withaferin A and Withanolide A from W. Somniferacollected from different places of India i.e., GadwalAnanthapur District of Andhra Pradesh, Kamareddy Districts of Telangana, Uttar Pradesh and CSIR-CIMAP, Research Centre, Hyderabad. Kamareddy district area sample contains more percentage of Withaferin A (0.319%) and Withanolide A (0.359%) compare to other regions.

Identification of window frequency at different places of India

Millimeterwave window frequencies between the two successive absorption maxima of 60 GHz and 120 GHz respectively, play a significant role in the context of radar and communication applications. Atmospheric parameters like temperature, water vapour and oxygen play major roles for determination of window frequencies which are latitude dependent. Radiosonde data were analyzed to identify a frequency at which minimum signal attenuation occurs in the millimeterwave band, between 60 GHz and 120 GHz, at various places in India. The data are taken from British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC, U.K). Analysis shows that water vapour plays a dominant role for determining window frequency during the monsoon season. On the other hand, temperature dominates water vapour in shifting window frequency during the winter and summer seasons. The results obtained also show that minimum attenuation occurs at 73 GHz and maximum at 83 GHz over the chosen places in India during January to December depending on the latitudinal position. Another salient result obtained from our analyses is that water vapour is mainly responsible for lowering the window frequency from its conventionally accepted value, over certain places in India. Hence, these climatological parameters play a major role in determining window frequency over certain places of choice in India throughout the year.

A Multi Criteria Decision Making Approach for the Selection of Optimum Location for Wind Power Project in India

This study tried to find out the selection of site for the wind turbine in India. We have chosen six wind power projects which are located different places in India. Wind power, Hub height, Distance, Cost, CO2, Wind speed and Blade height are the seven criteria had taken for the selection of best location.The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is integrated with technique for order reference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) to meet the objective of this study. Firstly, the weights of each criterionare to determine using AHP. These weights will be used in TOPSIS method to select the best project. A case study is performed to exhibit the application of the methods was conducted to evaluate six types of wind power projects. The AHP-TOPSIS result showed that the Muppandal wind farm, Kanyakumariis the best wind power project among the six projects.

Attenuation coefficients and exposure buildup factor of some rocks for gamma ray shielding applications

In the present work, the mass attenuation coefficient µ/ρ is investigated experimentally and theoretically for seven rocks (olivine basalt, green marble, jet black granite, telphone black granite, cuddapah limestone, white marble and pink marble). The rock samples were collected from different places of India. The mass attenuation coefficients of the samples were measured experimentally at photon energies of radioisotopes Co57 (122 keV), Ba133 (356 keV), 22Na (511 and 1275 keV), Cs137 (662 keV), Mn54 (840 keV), and Co60 (1330 keV). Theoretically, the simulation results of µ/ρ using both XCOM and MCNP5 codes were compared with experimental results and a satisfactory agreement was observed. Total atomic cross sections (σt,a) electronic cross sections (σt,e), effective atomic number (Zeff), electron density (Ne) and half value layer (HVL) were evaluated using the obtained µ/ρ values for investigated rocks. The HVL values for the selected rocks were compared with some common shielding concretes. Moreover, by Geometric Progression method (G-P) exposure buildup factor (EBF) and energy absorption buildup factor (EABF) values were calculated for incident photon energy 0.015–15 MeV up to penetration depths of 40 mean free paths. The results show that among the studied rocks pink marble possesses superior shielding properties for γ-ray. This work was carried out to explore the advantage of utilizing the selected rocks in engineering structures and building construction to shield gamma-rays.

Estimation of solar radiation using two step method in West Bengal

Solar radiation is the main source of energy for many physical, chemical and biological process .Estimation of solar radiation from other measured meteorological variables offers an important alternative in the absence of availability of measured solar radiation data. In this paper, we validate and assess five commonly used air temperature based models. The weather data of Dumdum (a station in Gangetic West Bengal) has been taken to observe whether the same works for this region or not. We have also validated and assessed a Local power-2 model (polynomial with degree two) with the same station, i.e., Dumdum (22.39° N, 88.27° E) and found it to give a more good result than Local model (linear in nature) so far developed. However the two step method to estimate solar radiation from the commonly measured air temperature in two steps gives more accurate estimation of solar radiation of a place. The model performance is evaluated using different law of error. Results show that the two step method gives good performance and significantly outperforms the temperature based models as claimed by our predecessors. The parameters of S/S0 equation were calculated by multiple regression model and was used `in the two step method for calculating the solar radiation. It is found that the two step method using the parameters determined by the proposed equations gives good performance. Therefore the two step method with the parameters determined by the proposed equations could also be used to estimate solar radiation in West Bengal and also at different places in India having similar topography. It is believed to be useful for the site where no measured solar radiation and sunshine duration data is available, whereas the air temperature are commonly measured.

Retrospective genomic analysis of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strains from different places in India reveals the presence of ctxB-7 allele found in Haitian isolates.

A total of 45 strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolated from 10 different places in India where they were associated with cases of cholera between the years 2007 and 2008 were examined by molecular methods. With the help of phenotypic and genotypic tests the strains were confirmed to be O1 El Tor biotype strains with classical ctxB gene. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis by double - mismatch amplification mutation assay PCR showed 16 of these strains carried the ctxB-7 allele reported in Haitian strains. Sequencing of the ctxB gene in all the 45 strains revealed that in 16 strains the histidine at the 20th amino acid position had been replaced by asparagine and this single nucleotide polymorphism did not affect cholera toxin production as revealed by beads enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This study shows that the new ctxB gene sequence was circulating in different places in India. Seven representatives of these 45 strains analysed by pulsed - field gel electrophoresis showed four distinct Not I digested profiles showing that multiple clones were causing cholera in 2007 and 2008.

Work force retention: Role of work environment, organization commitment, supervisor support and training & development in ceramic sanitary ware industries in India

Purpose: Although retention of employees has become hot topic in this career turbulent era, practically no empirical research is carried out in the fast growing ceramic sector till now and this research fills the gap in the literature. The literatures surveys reported that organization commitment is an important determinant of retention and work environment, supervisor support and training and development are the most relevant antecedents increasing commitment towards organization. This paper examines the impact of the above factors over organization commitment and explores the effects of organization commitment on retention, and verifies the mediating effect of organization commitment on the relationship between proposed factors and retention.Design/methodology/approach: A survey was completed by 416 employees working in five ceramic sanitary ware factories located at different places in India. Questionnaire consisting of items adopted from previous researches were used to collect data. The selection of respondents was based on the simple random sampling.Findings: Findings reveals that organization commitment influences retention and all the above factors enhances it. Moreover organization commitment partially mediates the relationship between proposed factors and retention. However multiple regression analysis indicated that training and development did not have any notable influence on retention.Limitations: This study was conducted in a particular country and also in a particular sector of manufacturing industry, which limits generalization .Possibility of bias towards their organization and assumption that respondents know about their organization are other limitations.Implications: This paper offers recommendations to HR(Human resource) managers that they should extend their support to work environment, supervisor support and training and development in order to generate better relationship with employees and to reduce their likelihood of leaving the company.Originality/value: This article makes significant contribution to most turnover prone Indian environment, highlighting the important factors to be given priority for employee’s retention.

Microsatellites markers to study genetic relationships among cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes

Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among 48 cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] genotypes collected from different places in India were evaluated using simple sequence repeat molecular markers. A set of 40 primer combinations developed from cowpea genomic/expressed sequence tags and evaluated for their ability to detect polymorphisms among the various cowpea genotypes. Eleven primer combinations detected polymorphisms; sixteen primer combinations were monomorphic, with the remaining 13 primer sets failing to yield PCR amplification products. From one to 5 alleles were found among the informative primer combinations. The genetic diversity of the sample varied from 0.02 to 0.39 (mean = 0.205). The polymorphic information content ranged from 0.12 to 0.86 (mean = 0.49). The inter-cluster representatives of distant clusters (based on morphological and molecular markers) would be more useful for choosing the parents in cowpea breeding programmes.

Karyotypic Variations in Different Accessions of <i>Urginea indica</i> (Roxb) Kunth. and <i>Urginea wightii</i> Lakshmin. Hyacinthaceae

Urginea indica Kunth. Hyacinthaceae, commonly called Indian Squill, represents a species complex. Intraspecies variation is common. Karyological studies were made in six accessions of Urginea collected from six different places in India, of which four accessions of Urginea indica were collected from Kanakapura, Trichendur, Kashmir valley, and Kerala. Two accessions of Urginea wightii were from Gubbi and Bellary. Variations in ploidy were noted. Among the Urginea indica accessions, diploids (2n=20) were found in Kanakapura, Trichendur, and Kashmir Valley; a pentaploid (2n=50) was noticed in the Kerala accession, whereas two different ploidies were noticed in the Urginea wightii accessions of Gubbi and Bellary (2n=20, 2n=40) within the same plant. There is close homology between Kanakapura and Tiruchendur with subtelocentric being a major component.

Study on Plastic Coated Overburnt Brick Aggregate as an Alternative Material for Bituminous Road Construction

There are different places in India where natural stone aggregates are not available for constructional work. Plastic coated OBBA can solve the problem of shortage of stone aggregate to some extent. The engineers are always encouraged to use locally available materials. The present investigation is carried out to evaluate the plastic coated OBBA as an alternative material for bituminous road construction. Shredded waste plastics are mixed with OBBA in different percentages as 0.38, 0.42, 0.46, 0.50, 0.54, and 0.60 of the weight of brick aggregates. Marshall Method of mix design is carried out to find the optimum bitumen content of such bituminous concrete mix prepared by plastic coated OBBA. Bulk density, Marshall Stability, flow, Marshall Quotient, ITS, TSR, stripping, fatigue life, and deformations have been determined accordingly. Marshall Stability value of 0.54 percent of plastic mix is comparatively higher than the other mixes except 0.60 percent of plastic mix. Test results are within the prescribed limit for 0.54 percent of plastic mix. There is a significant reduction in rutting characteristics of the same plastic mix. The fatigue life of the mix is also significantly higher. Thus plastic coated OBBA is found suitable in construction of bituminous concrete road.

Virulence Factors of <i>E. coli</i> ST131 and Its H30 and H30Rx Subclones Among Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Isolates

<i>Escherichia coli</i> sequence type 131 (ST131) is a pandemic clone causing predominantly community and hospital-onset antimicrobial-resistant infections. Recently, H30-Rx subclone of <i>E. coli</i> has been disseminated among ST131 strains in combination with beta lactamase subtype CTX-15that may play a role in the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among <i>E. coli</i> strains that cause extra-intestinal infections. This study has been done to investigate the virulence factors of ST131 with their subclones: H30-Rx and non H30-Rx strains. A hundred <i>E. coli</i> isolates which were isolated from different clinical samples were collected from K.R hospital, Mysore. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to investigate 19 of the virulence factors among <i>E. coli</i> stains. Out of 100 <i>E. coli</i> strains, 87 of the isolates belonged to ST131, 24 isolates belonged to H30 subclone, and 22/24 (91.7%) belonged to H30-Rx subcolne. ST131 strains harbored high virulence factors more than non ST131 strains and the differences between them were significant for <i>papC</i>, <i>papEF</i> and <i>fyuA</i> genes. All H30-Rx strains were positive for <i>iutA</i> and <i>fimH</i>, however, 95.5% and 81.8% of H30-Rx strains were positive for <i>fyuA</i> and <i>kpsMII</i> respectively and the differences between H30-Rx and non H30-Rx strains were significant for those genes. There are no more reports about H30 and H30-Rx subclones of ST131 <i>E. coli</i> in India. Further studies should be done to investigate the prevalence of ST131 in different places in India and to highlight the other virulence factors to control the dissemination of ST131 clone.

Diagnosis of a new variant of soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus with extended host-range in India.

Soybean yellow mottle mosaic virus (SYMMV, genus Carmovirus) was previously known to occur in South Korea and USA causing bright yellow mosaic in soybean. In this study, SYMMV (Car-Mb14 isolate) was isolated from mungbean (Vigna radiata) exhibiting mild mottling and puckering symptoms in the experimental field at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during 2012. The virus isolate, Car-Mb14 induced veinal mottling, mild mottling, chlorotic blotching, local and systemic necrosis in soybean, mungbean, blackgram, French bean and guar bean, respectively. The symptomatology of the present isolate of SYMMV was different from the previously reported South Korean isolate, as the later did not induce symptoms in any of the above legumes other than soybean. The present isolate was phylogenetically distinct and shared 90-93% sequence identity in coat protein (CP) of 52 SYMMV isolates reported from Korea and USA. In order to know the serological relationships, the CP gene of the present isolate was over expressed as a 39kDa protein in E. coli and an antiserum of 1:16,000titer against the recombinant CP was produced. Serological cross reactivity analysis revealed that SYMMV was serologically related to blackgram mottle virus but not to cowpea mottle virus, the other legume infecting carmoviruses. The antiserum was used to detect prevalence of SYMMV in legume crops by ELISA. Out of 145 field samples of legumes (mungbean, blackgram, French bean and soybean) collected from different places in India, SYMMV was detected only in 16 samples of mungbean and one sample of blackgram. The natural infection of SYMMV in mungbean and blackgram was further confirmed based on CP gene sequence. This study provides evidence of occurrence of a new variant of SYMMV with distinct symptom phenotype and extended host-range in India.

Genotype selection for agronomical trait – seed yield in kewachh {Mucuna pruriens (L.)}

Mucuna {Mucuna pruriens (L.)} is a climber plant belonging to the family ‘Fabaceae’, found as the wild/cultivated form in subtropical/tropical areas worldwide. The present experiment/study was carried out to determine the adaptability and stability among forty genetic stocks of velvet beans assembled from different places in India for high and stable seed yield by using AMMI analysis. Five high seed yielding and most stable genetic stocks, namely G-37, G-30, G-8, G-23 and G-18, were identified based on seed yield performance for commercial exploitation. The performance-wise mean data of seed yield indicated that one genotype G-37=57.03 (ql/ha) was selected for stable and high seed yield. Based on the AMMI model, these five genotypes of Mucuna showed the widest adaptability and stability over the years.