Different Perspectives Of Analysis Research Articles

Sistema penal inglés e imputación subjetiva

Although the discussion about mens rea is still in an incipient state, English criminal law provides a different perspective of analysis, which establishes inference rules of the mental states before defining the conceptual level. The idea that a theory of mental states will only be satisfactory if it allows or makes viable its application in criminal proceedings can constitute a contribution of English jurisprudential development to the dogmatics of continental criminal law.

The Concept of Labout Protection in Russia and Germany: Comparative Aspect

The article considers theoretical issues of labor protection in the Russian Federation and in FederalRepublic of Germany. The analysis of different perspectives on the concept and content of laborprotection in broad and narrow sense, the protection of labor as a social phenomenon and as acomprehensive legal education, but also as an institution of labor law. Based on the wording of thelabour protection, provided by Article 209 of the Labour Code, the conclusion is justified that, underthe protection of labour the institute of labour law should be understood a body of rules of labour law,aimed at preserving the life and health of employees in the workplace. It is proved that in General,the norms of labour law that make up the Institute of protection, fix: 1) the basic functions of the statein the field of labor protection; 2) requirements to labour protection; 3) rights and obligations of theparties to the employment relationship in the field of labor protection; 4) guarantee the right of workersto labor in conditions meeting the requirements of labor protection; 5) system and legal statusbodies of management and control over labor protection; 6) a system of guarantees of the rights ofworkers on labour protection. These issues are addressed in a comparative perspective in Russiaand in Germany. Thus it is proved that the German law considers occupational health as a systemof measures aimed at ensuring the safety and health of workers. The article analyzes the followingcomponents of labour protection in Germany: general labor protection; social protection of labour;technical labour protection; medical protection of labour. The author formulates a conclusion thatthe concept of labour protection in German law is broader than in Russia, because it includes (in additionto the components related to the actual labor protection), measures to establish a reasonablemode of work, regulation of working time and rest time.

A multicultural approach to teach sustainability

Globalization is a tendency that covers all society perspectives in general, and the high education in particular. The main traditional objective of these institutions was to prepare domestic students with a set of skills. The research competition and universities rankings, as well as the need to reach other publics pushed them towards internationalization. The exchange of students across the UE is a well-known reality which success is largely due to cultural similarities. However, a set of issues raises in importance when students from different cultures are involved. We proposed an International Summer Course with a layout specifically designed to identify those questions. In our experience the class included Korean and Portuguese students in the same proportions to develop some work under the framework of sustainability, a specific theme chosen in order to foster consensus. Aiming at a higher level of internationalization and having in mind that students could gain from an intensive and multicultural experience ISEP organized its first Engineering for Sustainable Development (E4SD) Summer Course, in July 2014. This work reports some results from this experience, which included a Problem Based Learning (PBL) approach, and points new directions. In fact, PBL seemed to be a way of promoting integration and the inclusion of multiple cultures allowed the analysis of different perspectives which otherwise would not have been considered. On the other hand, all the students had an international experience, in a non native language, which has driven them out of their confort zone.

Reflectivity in Research Practice

The article grounds on the assumption that researchers, in order to be not mere technicians but competent practitioners of research, should be able to reflect in a deep way. That means they should reflect not only on the practical acts of research but also on the mental experience which constructs the meaning about practice. Reflection is a very important mental activity, both in private and professional life. Learning the practice of reflection is fundamental because it allows people to engage into a thoughtful relationship with the world-life and thus gain an awake stance about one’s lived experience. Reflection is a crucial cognitive practice in the research field. Reflexivity is largely practiced in qualitative research, where it is used to legitimate and validate research procedures. This study introduces different perspectives of analysis by focusing the discourse on the main philosophical approaches to reflection: pragmatistic, critical, hermeneutic, and finally phenomenological. The thesis of this study is that the phenomenological theory makes possible to analyze in depth the reflective activity and just by that to support an adequate process of training of the researcher.

Global and Mexican analytical review of the state of the art on ecosystem and environmental services: A geographical approach

Within a strong international movement for conservation of natural resources, the term of Ecosystem Services (es) which refers to all benefits that nature offers to society, was introduced at Rio Conference, 1992. After this, the first compensation scheme for es, as one of the tools of the new environmental policy directed towards the principles of sustainable development, was proposed in Kyoto Protocol, 1997. Its objective is to prevent the reduction of natural resources’ availability, and to improve human well-being by means of monetary compensation for conservation activities. Since then, the theme of es found a global response, which was reflected in the implementation of payment programs and development of studies in many countries worldwide, where it’s possible to note the different perspectives of analysis and aspects included, as well as methodology used.In this regard, this paper presents the state of art on es and Environmental Services research (specific term adopted in public policy) in global and Mexican perspectives. It is based on the review of 1 781 scientific papers published in international peer-viewed journals between 1992 and 2012 (twenty years since Rio Conference). Furthermore, the work provides a sound geographical overview of the main es topics studied and the relative contribution of papers per region, country and Mexican states.The presentation of results is helped by the construction of multi-scale maps and tables to show the evolution of studies in time and space, where a gradual continuous growth in numbers of publications with different focus and theories is detected, and use of distinct techniques from various disciplines, according to the specific objectives of each research. On the other hand, the social and economic standpoints dominate the global scene, with recent interest in integral analysis and es compensation schemes.Geographically, es research appears concentrated in North America, Europe, China and Australia, with social and economic focus of analysis predominat; followed by physical and interdisciplinary approaches. In the relation to the ecosystem function, the biodiversity studies prevail, followed by hydrological and carbon. Developing countries have published moderate or low amounts of papers, but are often the areas of interest for outside research. It is important to highlight that half of the papers are focused on one or more study cases, which allows for better understanding and analysis of local issues. Moreover, applied research combines experiments, sampling, surveys and interviews. It all contributes to providing better quality and more quantity of information for a successful study.In Mexico the situation is similar to the global trends, which is reflected in the growth trend of studies (since implementation of federal payment scheme in 2003) with social and physics focuses predominant and biodiversity and hydrological functions prevailing; and their very sharp heterogeneous territorial distribution and few publications about payment programs. Their spatial distribution appears less consistent with the totals than the distribution of article focus; the geographic allocation of ecosystem services seems more related to each area’s history and issues. For example, hydrological services are most studied in states that have problems with water scarcity and distribution: Federal District, Mexico, Baja California and Querétaro. Biodiversity is more the object of study in regions with high levels of species richness or a history of conservation programs, as Chiapas, Michoacán and Veracruz.After this revision it is possible to mention the following challenges: the necessity of a mayor analysis of carbon capture function, development of the focus of economic and interdisciplinary researches, more homogeneous space studies, and in collaboration with institutions from other countries and internal. Also it is important to recognize other problems that limit study achievements, and consequently the general knowledge of the es and ecosystem functions, for instance lack or misuse of information, scarcity of financial, technical or human resources, shortage of time, safe access to study case territories, as in Mexico, as in many others. We believe that the future of es is in the endorsement of interdisciplinary publications, focused on analysis of socio-ecological system with a long-term vision.

Migration and Religion in Romania: A Study Regarding the Influence of Migration Behaviour on Religion

Through this article we try to capture another side of the migration, where the migratory behaviour contributes to obvious changes in the religious structure. Migration not only influences the accentuation of a religious diversity at a national, regional or local level, but it also creates a ”religious mosaic”, where, most often, conflicts appear, sign that humanity still has to work on its capacity of acceptance and celebration of differences. We can’t talk about migration impact on religious life without making a reference regarding the level to which it is materialized; spatially, we can say that are several levels: national, regional and local. The complexity of this social phenomenon provides us different perspectives of analysis and partial explanations concerning the present situation that Romania is facing. Under political, economic and cultural pressure, humans react by searching and finding solutions for a better living, as migration in this case. Even if it is often seen as an economic privilege, migration cause major changes whose cyclical effects are manifested in social, demographic and economic aspects. While socio-economic impact of migration is well documented, the demographic impact and implicit religious impact is less studied. Starting from the article title, it explains in a good measure the research direction of this paper which aims to facilitate the identification of disagreements on migration implications in religious sphere, situational awareness, a starting point for creating harmony, imperative actions in the era of globalization. To provide a visual image on the impact, we will also use the cartographic method.

Relaciones Estados Unidos - América Latina después de la inevitable intervención militar norteamericana de 1954 en Guatemala

La intervención del 1954 de Estados Unidos en Guatemala es un asunto clave controvertido que todavía encuentra diferentes y opuestas interpretaciones en el mundo académico. En este artículo se evaluará el impacto del golpe de Estados Unidos en Guatemala sobre las relaciones socio-políticas entre E.E.U.U.- América Central, a través del análisis crítico de las diferentes perspectivas y atributos sobre el tema. Este trabajo identifica, con referencia a las teorías académicas, los motivos principales y los intereses detrás de la intervención, en relación a la importancia de las reformas del presidente democrático de Guatemala Jacobo Arbenz en un contexto social más amplio de América Central. El posible impacto a gran escala de estas reformas, con la creación de un modelo viable alternativo al capitalismo liberal estadounidense y en consecuencia, de una perceptible y potencial amenaza a los intereses intrínsecos de Estados Unidos en su hemisferio, se explorará reflexivamente con la intención de proponer una solución sobre la intervención de Estados Unidos en Guatemala

Grain Productivity, Fertilizer Response and Nutrient Balance of Farming Systems in Tigray, Ethiopia: A Multi‐Perspective View in Relation to Soil Fertility Degradation

AbstractApplication of nutrients is an important way to increase crop productivity. In our study area, Tigray, development agents recommend fertilizer application to boost productivity and counteract nutrient depletion. We analysed soil fertility from different perspectives, using responses and nutrient balances on the basis of on‐farm experimentation. Three perspectives, embedded in the People–Planet–Profit framework and with different temporal and spatial scales and ownership, were considered. Taking a farmer perspective, we found no significant differences in response between recommended and current farmer practices. Taking an agronomist perspective, phosphorus seemed to limit productivity. It however also became obvious that closing nutrient balances at field scale to achieve sustainability is difficult. Only by using considerable amounts of manure and at the cost of productivity this can be achieved. From a long‐term environmentalist perspective, the traditional agricultural system seems sustainable in combining mixed farming and relatively low yields. We conclude that depending on the perspective taken, different interventions will be appropriate. All perspectives however indicate that gradually strengthening the existing mixed farming system by using fertilizers, organic manure and legume fallows supports crop productivity while maintaining other aspects of sustainability such as food security and profitability. In line with this, our analysis of different perspectives suggests that in our study area, farmers will only consider transitions with low risk and this specifically should be addressed in proposing pathways of transition. In processes where stakeholders with different perspectives cooperate, it is important to be aware and make use of the possibilities of comparable multi‐perspective analyses. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

El dolor social y cultural: su narrativa en relación con el otro

I intend to focus here on the issue of social and cultural pain from four different perspectives of analysis. First, I will refer to the dualism between the material and the spiritual, in order to understand some ontological aspects that derive from such opposition. On a second moment, I will discuss pain in some of its cultural dimensions. The third perspective will consider pain as something that is caracteristically humane. Finally, I will discuss pain and its relation with the Other.(Complete article in spanish language).

Políticas públicas para la transformación de la educación universitaria en Venezuela durante el periodo 1999-2006

Higher education in Venezuela has been object of study from different perspectives of analysis, however, which have to do with the formation of public policies to transform this area are scarce. In this sense, exploring the policies aimed at the transformation of the higher education in Venezuela in the period 1999-2006, promoted by the State through the National Council of Universities, is the purpose of this investigation. Thehypothesisthat can be handled is being pursued an alternative model in the field of education, in the framework of a project of social transformation seeking greater inclusion, equity and quality. This research is based on analysis of official documents such as: resolutions, official gazettes, and documentary sources. Preliminary results show that topics of greater inclusion for discussion on the agenda of the CNU focuses mainly on: 1) outline policies and strategies for the development of higher education, 2) the designof a programme of improvement to the quality and equity, 3) assessment and accreditation systems 4) creation of universities and 5) the modernisation of higher education, but some of them have not achieved the expected based on inclusion, equity and quality impact. It is concluded that despite there are topics that have transforming characteristics, these are not discussed enough within organization, overlapping the debate on fundamentallyissuesof order administrative financial, which has been slowing the transformation of the Universitary sector in Venezuela.

El dolor social y cultural: su narrativa en relación con el otro

I intend to focus here on the issue of social and cultural pain from four different perspectives of analysis. First, I will refer to the dualism between the material and the spiritual, in order to understand some ontological aspects that derive from such opposition. On a second moment, I will discuss pain in some of its cultural dimensions. The third perspective will consider pain as something that is caracteristically humane. Finally, I will discuss pain and its relation with the Other.(Complete article in spanish language).

How is the IFRS for SME accepted in the European context? An analysis of the homogeneity among European countries, users and preparers in the European commission questionnaire

In this paper we analyze the answers to the “Questionnaire on the public consultation of the IFRS for SMEs”, promoted by the European Commission. Our aim is to evaluate the homogeneity among respondents, according to the different perspectives of analysis between both users, preparers and also in European Countries. Results show a substantial diversity among respondents. In particular, preparers demonstrate a strong opposition to the IFRS for SMEs, while users are more favorable. Concerning Country classification, German-speaking Countries and Latin Countries show much less appreciation for that standard with respect to Anglo−Nordic Countries. Relevant consequences for European public policy issues and for accounting studies on differential reporting arise from this result, concerning respectively the role of European accounting system and the acceptance of “user primacy” principle.

Analyzing the topological, electrical and reliability characteristics of a power transmission system for identifying its critical elements

The subject of this paper is the analysis of an electrical transmission system with the objective of identifying its most critical elements with respect to failures and attacks. The methodological approach undertaken is based on graph-theoretical (topological) network analysis. Four different perspectives of analysis are considered within the formalism of weighed networks, adding to the purely topological analysis of the system, the reliability and electrical characteristics of its components. In each phase of the analysis: i) a graph-theoretical representation is offered to highlight the structure of the most important system connections according to the particular characteristics examined (topological, reliability, electrical or electrical-reliability), ii) the classical degree index of a network node is extended to account for the different characteristics considered. The application of these concepts of analysis to an electrical transmission system of literature confirms the importance of different perspectives of analysis on such a critical infrastructure.

Sophisticating business performance management for banks: using data envelopment analysis on business process level

Crucial bank inefficiencies are rooted in the bank’s production processes. From an operations perspective, the assessment of inefficiencies, especially in highly standardised processes, should lead to better directed action for improvement and hence efficiency enhancement. This paper presents a new application of DEA for the measurement of business process efficiency. In our case study, the efficiency of the securities settlement and clearing process of a large European bank is analysed. It is a unique, large-scale dataset containing actual production data of this bank. Two different input-output models are used, representing most important objectives of operations managers in process performance analysis. The results show a high variance in process performance among different perspectives of analysis, indicating production inefficiencies in the process execution.

Human Platelet Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition by Cyclophosphamide: A Combined Experimental and Computational Approach

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-inhibition is an area of priority research as various roles have been attributed to AChE in neurodegenerative disorders and cancer as well. In the present study, a comparative multiple 4 dimensional (4D)-approach was applied to analyze human platelet AChE-inhibition by cyclophosphamide (CP). AChE activity was assessed by measuring the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine iodide (ASChI). The different perspective of analysis was based on two classical (Lineweaver-Burk as well as Dixon) plots, built-in equations of GOSA and a recently introduced graphical approach. Thus, various kinetic constants such as KI, Ks, Km, ksl, Vmao, Ki, ksli, Slmax, �Ks, K1/2, kcat and ksp were estimated. Previous findings of AChE (from different sources) inhibition by CP were also compared. This study extends the elucidation of the kinetic approach of analysis and quantifying enzyme-substrate and enzyme-inhibitor interactions, which is crucial to bringing any drug from bench to bedside. The acyl pocket of human AChE was found to interact with CP through the amino acid residues Y70, Y121, W233, F288, F290, Y334, F408 and Y442, while the anionic sub-site of catalytic site (CAS) interacted with the ligand through residues W84, N85, G116, G117, Y121, S122, G123, L127, Y130, E198, Y334, H443 and G444. CP displayed variable docking poses with the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of human AChE. The findings of kinetic analysis were reinforced by the results of docking experiments. Both the applied approaches strongly indicate partial mixed type of inhibition pattern for the study enzyme (AChE) and its inhibitor (CP).

The 3C Study: Coverage cost and care of type 1 diabetes in China—Study design and implementation

Aim To describe coverage, cost and care of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in 2 regions of China – Beijing and Shantou – including: Estimating the numbers of people with T1D diabetes. Estimating the economic burden of T1D and financial barriers to care. Identifying scale of necessary government investment to improve health care coverage. Defining the burden of disease based on clinical outcomes. Describing the education and care experience of people with T1D with comparison to selected clinical practice guidelines. Describing the information processes associated with diabetes care and education. Methods This is a mixed-methods descriptive study with three arms – coverage, cost and care. It is taking place in 4 tertiary hospitals, 3 secondary hospitals and 4 primary health facilities in Beijing, and 2 tertiary hospitals, 2 secondary hospitals and 2 primary health centres in Shantou, China. Two additional hospitals are involved in the coverage arm of the study. T1D participants are recruited from a 3-year list generated by each hospital and from those attending the outpatient clinic or admitted to the inpatient ward. Participants also include health care professionals and government officials. To determine coverage of care, a list of people with T1D is being developed including information on diagnosis, age, sex and vital status. The age and sex distribution will be compared with the expected distribution. To estimate the economic burden of T1D three groups of costs will be calculated – direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs and indirect costs from different perspectives of analysis (patients and their families, health system, insurer and societal perspective). The data are being collected from people with T1D (patient–parents face-to-face interviews), hospital billing departments, medical records and government officials using a combined “top-down, bottom-up” approach developed to validate the data. Quality of life is assessed using the EQ-5D tool and burden of disease is measured based on clinical outcomes and complications. Standard care will be defined, costed and compared to the cost of current care identified within the study to determine the investment required to improve outcomes. The third arm includes three components – health policy, clinical care and education, and information management. Face-to-face, semi-structured interviews are conducted with people with T1D (for those <15 years of age parents are interviewed), health care professionals, senior hospital management and government officials. The core Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Measure plus an additional 6 questions from the revised SDSCA scale are used to assess patient self-care. A medical records audit tool is used to assess care [7]. Clinical outcomes and self-care activities will be analysed for associations with care and education. Information management and care processes will be described using the Standard for Integration Definition for Function Modelling (IDEF0) [8]. Progress to date At the time of writing (early October) the 3-year case list includes 1269 people with type 1 diabetes from Beijing and 481 people for Shantou, a total of 1750. In addition, two hundred and twenty people with T1D or their parents participated in face-to-face interviews in Beijing and 183 in Shantou, a total of 403. Practical preliminary conclusions Key implementation considerations were identified early in the project. Project success is dependent on strong local partnerships with local opinion leaders and key officials. It is important that a physician is the first point of contact to build the case list and recruit participants. July, August and January are peak months for recruiting school-age children in the Children's Hospital as this is school vacation period when they are more likely to attend clinics.

Doctor Jekyll and Mister Hyde in the Management of Intangibles

While the first large enthusiasm towards intangible resources drove to their complete identification as assets, therefore focusing on their positive role in value creation, some scholars later argued that also intangible liabilities were to be taken into consideration. Such an 'assets versus liabilities approach' offers some new insights for the management of intangibles, but it continues on the old tradition, since it states that some intangible resources are assets whereas some other are liabilities within the same context.This paper offers a different perspective of analysis of intangible assets based on the canons of Socio-Economics and on the role those assets play in value generation, value protection, and value distribution and appropriation processes.The paper argues that some characteristic of intangible assets that contribute to protect a firm’s value, are also responsible for strategic rigidity. Again, it also reflects on the weak property rights regime on intangible assets, arguing that if it makes difficult for the firm a full management of those assets makes nevertheless possible the coproduction of intangible assets.

A Framework for Analyzing and Comparing Information Literacy Policies in European Countries

Information literacy was conceived originally as a policy goal in 1974, when Paul Zurkowski expressed the need for establishing a major national program to achieve universal information literacy. Despite such early recognition of its political imprinting, the policy dimension of information literacy has been given scant attention in the academic literature. In order to pave the way toward concrete and coordinated policy measures, this article proposes a stratification of the information literacy discourse into three different perspectives of analysis: (a) sociopolitical perspective: analysis of information literacy as a policy goal (Education to Information); (b) disciplinary perspective: analysis of information literacy as a form of study of information (Culture of Information); (c) cognitive perspective: analysis of information literacy as a form of personal competence (Information Skills). Focusing on the sociopolitical perspective, this article moves on to discuss the view that information literacy is a policy goal crossing the borders of both information and education domains, in that it is an information policy issue that also enters the sphere of influence of education policies. The next sections propose a framework for analyzing and comparing information literacy policies in European countries. The overall aim is to apply a grid of analysis based on a set of variables, suitably defined in order to give a measure of what we call the IL-readiness of a country. Finally, the application of the proposed analysis framework leads to the identification of different policy axes for information literacy.

Assessing objective countertransference with a computer‐delivered impact message inventory (IMI‐C)

The circumplex version of the Impact Message Inventory (IMI-C) is one of the few existing diagnostic devices for the assessment of 'objective' (inter-subjective) countertransference. The IMI-C purports to assess eight categories of countertransference reactions along the circumference of the interpersonal circle, conceptualized as blends of the two basic dimensions of affiliation (AFF) and control (CON): dominant (D), hostile-dominant (HD), hostile (H), hostile-submissive (HS), submissive (H), friendly-submissive (FS), friendly (F) and friendly-dominant (FD). As a measure of objective (or 'inter-subjective') countertransference, a crucial test for the IMI-C is its ability to produce scores that are generalizable across different therapists involved with the same patients. In four previous psychometric studies, the 'objectivity' of countertransference reactions was examined with a Dutch paper-and-pencil IMI-C version. In the present study, the generalizability of countertransference reactions across therapists was tested with a computer-delivered IMI-C. Results obtained with the electronic IMI-C format were compared with the findings of the paper-and-pencil version. Similar to the four prior studies, D and HD were the comparatively most generalizable classes of countertransference reactions among the eight categories. Both the AFF and CON main dimensions scores were substantially generalizable across therapists. From different perspectives of analysis, more favorable results were obtained with the computer-delivered IMI-C in comparison to the paper-and-pencil-version for (a) five of the eight countertransference classes (D, HD, F, FS, FD) and also for (b) the AFF main dimension. The computer-based IMI-C appears to be a promising tool for assessing objective countertransference reactions.

El análisis de contenido aplicado al legado cultural de las villas romanas tardoantiguas en Castilla y León

El presente texto pretende ser un avance de las líneas generales de la investigación que se están siguiendo para la confección de la tesis titulada: El legado cultural de las villas romanas tardoantiguas en Castilla y León. Las villas romanas tardoantiguas conservadas en Castilla y León son depositarias de un rico patrimonio arqueológico e histórico, ya que albergan una valiosa información sobre la sociedad romana que las habitó. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo ofrecer un sistema de análisis cuantitativo y sistemático del legado cultural relacionado con estas villas, a travésde un método, el análisis de contenido, no usado hasta el momento en el área de la Arqueología. Como punto de partida se pretende revisar las diferentes perspectivas de análisis de los estudios arqueológicos realizados sobre las villas hispanas, puesto que su variación hasido notable en las últimas décadas. A continuación, mediante la aplicación del análisis de contenido se elaborará un sistema de indicadores, lo más completo posible, cuyo objetivo es obtener una clasificación o proporcionar unos factores claves para una posible definición tipológica de las villas, que sirvan para comprobar en que medida la definición de su organización espacial y funcional, su programa iconográfico, así como la presencia de materiales de lujo permiten definir la interrelación con el entorno social de época tardorromana.