Different Periods In China Research Articles

Interpreting Women in Historical Dramas from a Feminist Perspective

Since Chinese TV dramas have been in full swing, women have been playing an increasingly important role in TV dramas, echoing the contemporary social theme of feminism, such as the transformation of roles from housewife to strong woman. For example, from housewives to career women, women have their own unique artistic images in TV dramas. Contemporary TV dramas allow us to see the image of women in different periods of China, especially in historical TV dramas, where the way of womens survival and development is more meaningful to explore in the context of patriarchal and male-centered society and the ancient idea of balance, and the female roles in them are diverse, such as in Qing Ping Lue and The Story of Minglan, which are going to be explored in this paper. This paper will translate the language of female characters in TV dramas into modern feminism through specific cases, analyze its commonalities with modern new womens consciousness, and explain the reasons and processes of its development. At the same time, it will promote the dissemination of feminism in our daily life and raise its status by giving feasible solutions to specific cases.

Development of New-Energy Vehicles under the Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Strategy in China

China regards the development of new energy vehicles (NEVs) as an important breakthrough to achieve the periodic goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. After decades of development, China’s NEVs industry has made significant progress, especially in the past 20 years, where the industry has transformed from a follower to a leader. This article reviews the development background of NEVs in China and reflects the development status of NEVs in different periods of China. The development of NEVs in China was analyzed through data, reflecting the current development status and trends. Combined with the policy background of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, the position of NEV industry in China’s automobile submarket, domestic market, and international market is analyzed. Based on the analysis and discussion, the main issues faced by the development of NEVs in China were proposed, including the impact of subsidy policy withdrawal on car companies and consumers, the construction and development of infrastructure, the research and development of core technologies and components, and the construction of a clean energy system based on sustainable development. It is proposed that the future development direction of China’s NEV industry can follow the directions of electrification, intelligence, lightweight, and sustainable development.

MaxEnt Modeling for Predicting the Potential Wintering Distribution of Eurasian Spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia leucorodia) under Climate Change in China.

Global climate change has become a trend and is one of the main factors affecting biodiversity patterns and species distributions. Many wild animals adapt to the changing living environment caused by climate change by changing their habitats. Birds are highly sensitive to climate change. Understanding the suitable wintering habitat of the Eurasian Spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia leucorodia) and its response to future climatic change is essential for its protection. In China, it was listed as national grade II key protected wild animal in the adjusted State List of key protected wild animals in 2021, in Near Threatened status. Few studies on the distribution of the wintering Eurasian Spoonbill have been carried out in China. In this study, we simulated the suitable habitat under the current period and modeled the distribution dynamics of the wintering Eurasian Spoonbill in response to climate change under different periods by using the MaxEnt model. Our results showed that the current suitable wintering habitats for the Eurasian Spoonbill are mainly concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Distance from the water, precipitation of the driest quarter, altitude, and mean temperature of the driest quarter contributed the most to the distribution model for the wintering Eurasian Spoonbill, with a cumulative contribution of 85%. Future modeling showed that the suitable distribution of the wintering Eurasian Spoonbill extends to the north as a whole, and the suitable area shows an increasing trend. Our simulation results are helpful in understanding the distribution of the wintering Eurasian Spoonbill under different periods in China and support species conservation.

The change of color of female wedding dress in Chinese ancient times

The paper provides a comparison of color changes in female wedding dress in different periods in China. The wedding dress emerged at the presence of Zhou dynasty‘s dress, the main color of it is cyan. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, women wore wedding dress with a large area of cyan. This phenomenon was depicted in combination with handed-down portraits, which gradually proved that traditional women showed ―advocating cyan‖ phenomenon in the choice and inheritance of wedding dress color. However, since the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, the color image of women‘s marriage dress was changed from ―advocating cyan‖ to ―advocating red‖. The symbolic reason might be that the fundamental thought was closely related to the ―Five Cyclic Virtues‖ theory. This system was a means for the emperor to highlight the national luck and consolidate the Han rites.

Local Adaptation and Cultural Exclusion: Thirty Years of Tablighi Jamaat in China

Tablighi Jamaat (TJ) is a transnational Islamic revival movement that originated in India in the 1920s. Its most distinctive feature is that the secular missionary group composed of 5-10 people travels among Muslims who are considered to have “weak beliefs”, and they try to return their weakened religious practice to the right path in this way. After nearly a hundred years of global dissemination, the movement has now become a relatively successful transnational Islamic missionary movement in the world today, and has had a certain social impact in West Africa, North Africa, Southeast Asia, Central Asia and some European countries and regions. The movement has been in China for more than thirty years since it was introduced in the early 1980s, but there is no academic paper dedicated to its social practice in China. This paper adopts the anthropological fieldwork method, and conducts a long-term follow-up study on TJ activities in Northwest China, North China, Southwest China and other areas from 2011 to 2021. Part of the fieldwork data from Pakistan during 2018-2019 when I was there, it verified the specific time of TJ was introduced into China and the specific situation of its initial dissemination, in addition, this paper rationally divided three important stages of its dissemination in China and living state, at the same time, it demonstrates the specific characteristics of TJ in different periods in China.

Review and prospect of the development of school sports ideology in China in modern times

This paper summarizes the related research of school physical education thought in China since modern times by means of literature research. This paper discusses and summarizes the historical experience and lessons of the development of school PE thought since modern times in China. This paper analyzes the historical background of the dominant thought of school physical education in different periods in China. It is helpful to clarify the law of long-term development of school physical education thought, and put forward better suggestions for the future school physical education work, promote the high quality development of school physical education teaching, and provide new basis for the innovation of school physical education theory.

Ibsen, Power and the Self: Postsocialist Chinese Experimentations in Stage Performance and Film

Ibsen, Power and the Self: Postsocialist Chinese Experimentations in Stage Performance and Film

Comparative analysis of genetic diversity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties cultivated in different periods in China

Understanding the genetic diversity of various rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars cultivated over time in China is of great significance for the selection of parent materials for targeted rice breeding and the cultivation of new desirable varieties. In this study, 36 pairs of SSR markers were used to compare and analyze the genetic diversity of 1610 rice varieties bred in China from the 1980s to the 2010s. A total of 1568 allelic mutations were detected, with each locus varying having from 16 to 115, with an average of 44 per marker. The average gene diversity index and the polymorphism information content (PIC) of each locus were 0.8403 and 0.8243, respectively. The genetic diversity parameter values of japonica (Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica Kato) rice varieties were higher than those of indica (Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica Kato) varieties. Over time, original unique alleles are lost, and new unique alleles are added. The total number of alleles, the number of unique alleles, and the number of varieties with unique alleles tend to increase over decades of breeding. In all ages, indica rice contained the largest number of unique alleles (19) in the 2000s, and japonica rice contained the largest number of unique alleles (11) in the 2010s. The trends of gene diversity index and PIC values increased first and then decreased. Gene diversity indices and PIC for indica rice reached their maximums (0.698 and 0.664 respectively) in the 1990s and japonica rice reached its highest values for these diversity metrics (0.791 and 0.766 respectively) in the 2000s. Analysis of molecular variance showed that genetic variation was primarily derived from differences of varieties that were bred during a given period. Most of the pair-wise Fst comparisons between different periods were at a statistically significant level. Cluster analysis shows distinctions in the genetic relationship of varieties bred in the twentieth century and the twenty-first century, but the genetic relationship between the varieties is relatively close when comparing within the twentieth or twenty-firs century, respectively. Our study will provide a scientific basis for the effective protection and efficient use of rice germplasm resources.

Geomaterials Evaluation: A New Application of Ashby Plots.

The development of fossil energy resources and the occurrence of geological hazards call for a quick and effective identification of geological situations. In this study, we present rapid evaluations of geological structures from the pure point of view of material properties. For the first time, Ashby plots are applied to the evaluation of geomaterials such as rocks and coals. A series of case studies are presented and related Ashby plots are drawn. The stability of rocks facing natural hazards is analyzed and compared; the stability of coals formed in different periods in China is studied; and a new brittleness index for reservoir rocks is proposed. The Ashby plots show a strong vitality and a wide application prospect in geomaterial evaluation and geological engineering.

Impulsive control on delayed feedback chaotic financial system with Markovian jumping

In this paper, the global asymptotic stability of both the closed economy system and the open economy system is investigated under impulse control, and the obtained stability criteria improve the existing results in the previous literature, generalizing the stabilization from the closed economy system to the open economy system, and stabilizing the unstable equilibrium point with positive interest rate. Particularly, stability of the equilibrium point with positive interest rate is suitable for the open economic market of China, for the interest rates during different periods in China’s financial market are always some of positive percentages. Finally, numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Changing of China׳s health policy and Doctor–Patient relationship: 1949–2016

ObjectiveTo identify the changing of health policy decisions and Doctor–Patient relationship in different periods in China during 67 years (1949–2016). MethodsWe followed a systematic approach to analyze the development stage of China׳s healthcare reform and Doctor–Patient relationship over time. Based on the extant literature and statistical data, the current five issues in Chinese health policy and three aspects of Doctor-Patient Relationships are classified. The reasons for the current situation and recommendations for future policy are discussed. ResultsThere are four main problems of Chinese Health Policy: funding shortage, excessive market-oriented operation, health insurance limited reimbursement amount, and media coverage a lot of non-neutral health events. In different historical periods, these problems are not prominent, but have become increasingly serious in recent years. On the other hand, three participants contributed to the growing tense relationship between doctors and patients: doctors (hospitals), patients and governments. ConclusionsIn formulating future health care policy, the government should change: increase investment in the medical field, change the income structure of doctors and hospital, propagate medical news in an objective way, and increase the amount and scope of medical insurance repayment.

Developing surface water quality standards in China

A methodology for setting lake nutrient standard was proposed in this study based on review of water quality standards (WQS) in China and understanding of lake nutrient criteria. There are very few studies about lake nutrient criteria and water body classification system, which may cause difficulties in nutrient level assessment and management. This paper reviewed WQS system in the US, EU, and Japan, and then presented the development procedures for revising surface WQS in different periods in China. The amendment includes indicators, standard values, and framework of the standard system. However, current WQS set in light of the criteria and standards of the US and Europe couldn’t adapt to the natural conditions of lakes in China. Therefore, by learning from the water quality criteria setting method of USA and taking the regional differences into consideration, a methodology of combining structure equation model and expert elicitation was recommended for setting WQS. Furthermore, it considered to investigate the differences (climate, elevation and geographical condition, etc.) in each region, and set lake nutrient criteria and standards on regional scale. Consequently, the proposed methodology for setting standards could be applied to each region in China. Yungui ecoregion was taken as an example for setting up the lake nutrient standards with considering TP, Chl-a, TN and CODMn four influence factors for designated use attainment, and a suitable TP standard 0.02mg/L was recommended by using the proposed methods.

Semiparametric estimation of average treatment effect through a random coefficient dummy endogenous variable model

This paper provides an estimation procedure for average treatment effect through a random coefficient dummy endogenous variable model. A leading example of the model is estimating the effect of a training program on earnings. The model is composed of two equations: an outcome equation and a decision equation. Given the linear restriction in outcome and decision equations, Chen (1999) provided a distribution-free estimation procedure under conditional symmetric error distributions. In this paper we extend Chen’s estimator by relaxing the linear index into a nonparametric function, which greatly reduces the risk of model misspecification. A two-step approach is proposed: the first step uses a nonparametric regression estimator for the decision variable, and the second step uses an instrumental variables approach to estimate average treatment effect in the outcome equation. The proposed estimator is shown to be consistent and asymptotically normally distributed. Furthermore, we investigate the finite performance of our estimator by a Monte Carlo study and also use our estimator to study the return of college education in different periods of China. The estimates seem more reasonable than those of other commonly used estimators.

Modeling the Chinese language as an evolving network

The evolution of Chinese language has three main features: the total number of characters is gradually increasing, new words are generated in the existing characters, and some old words are no longer used in daily-life language. Based on the features, we propose an evolving language network model. Finally, we use this model to simulate the character co-occurrence networks (nodes are characters, and two characters are connected by an edge if they are adjacent to each other) constructed from essays in 11 different periods of China, and find that characters that appear with high frequency in old words are likely to be reused when new words are formed.

不同时期汉语散文的字同现网络之研究

Co-occurrence networks of Chinese characters are constructed from collections of essays in different periods of China: the ancient Chinese language, the Chinese language in Wei, Jin, and Southern-Northern Dynasties, the recent Chinese language, and the modern Chinese language, and their statistical parameters are studied. It has been found that 99.6% networks have the scale-free feature and 95.0% networks have the small-world effect. This study reveals some commonalities and differences among articles in different periods of China from a complex network perspective. There has been a controversial question as to whether the literatures in Wei, Jin, and Southern-Northern Dynasties should belong to the ancient Chinese language or the recent Chinese language in the linguistic study. Our work shows that the statistical parameters of networks in Wei, Jin, and Southern-Northern Dynasties are clearly different from those of networks in the other periods of China, and it seems more reasonable that the literatures in Wei, Jin, and Southern-Northern Dynasties belong to the recent Chinese language.

Study on co-occurrence character networks from Chinese essays in different periods

Co-occurrence networks of Chinese characters are constructed from collections of essays in different periods of China: the ancient Chinese language, the Chinese language in Wei, Jin, and Southern-Northern Dynasties, the recent Chinese language, and the modern Chinese language, and their statistical parameters are studied. It has been found that 99.6% networks have the scale-free feature and 95.0% networks have the smallworld effect. This study reveals some commonalities and differences among articles in different periods of China from a complex network perspective. There has been a controversial question as to whether the literatures in Wei, Jin, and Southern-Northern Dynasties should belong to the ancient Chinese language or the recent Chinese language in the linguistic study. Our work shows that the statistical parameters of networks in Wei, Jin, and Southern-Northern Dynasties are clearly different from those of networks in the other periods of China, and it seems more reasonable that the literatures in Wei, Jin, and Southern-Northern Dynasties belong to the recent Chinese language.

A Genre in the Making—A Grounded Theory Explanation of the Cultural Factors in Current Resume Writing in China

Little research has been done to explore the status of business genres in China. The present study explores the evolution of genre of resume writing in China using a grounded theory approach. This study examines the rhetorical patterns and persuasive strategies employed in resume writing in different periods in China and reveals how these changes are related to historical, social, and economic contexts in China, especially from 1979 to 2010, as well as impacts of global contexts on Chinese resume writing. This study characterizes resume writing in China and relates these features to cultural motives and cultural contexts. It concludes that current resume writing practice in China shows a glocal trend.

A descriptive analysis of mortality of brain tumor in China during 2004 - 2005

To analyze the level of mortality of brain tumor and its changes at different periods in China. Death records for tumor of brain and central nervous system, which the code of international classification of diseases-10 (ICD-10) were C70-C72, were extracted from the database of the Third National Retrospective Sampling Survey of Death Causes in China during 2004 to 2005. The corresponding population data was linked to the data of death records, that the total population was 142 660 482 person years (72 970 241 person years in male, 69 690 241 person years in female). Then crude death rate, age-specific death rate, the constitute proportion to all death caused by tumor and the age-standardized death rate were calculated by taking reference of Chinese standard population or the world standard population. The indexes of mortality were compared with that of previous retrospective surveys of death causes at 1973 - 1975 and 1990 - 1992. The result showed that during 2004 to 2005, the number died from brain tumor was 4463 and the crude death rate in China was 3.13/100 000, which accounted for 2.30% of the all number died from tumor (193 841 cases). The age-standardized death rate by Chinese standard population was 2.37/100 000 and the age-standardized death rate by the world standard population was 2.90/100 000. Of which, there were 2556 death cases for males with crude death rate of 3.50/100 000. While for females, the crude death rate was 2.74/100 000 (1907 death cases). Age-standardized death rates by Chinese standard population in male and female were 2.71/100 000 and 2.03/100 000 respectively. The age-standardized death rate by world standard population was 3.31/100 000 for male and for female that was 2.48/100 000. The age-specific death rate of brain tumor in China was increasing as age growing. The crude death rates were 3.78/100 000 (1809/47 899 806), 2.80/100 000 (2654/94 760 676), and the age-standardized death rates by Chinese standard population were 2.71/100 000 and 2.20/100 000 for urban and rural area respectively, and the crude death rates of brain tumor in east, middle and west region were 3.60/100 000 (1894/52 556 694), 3.14/100 000 (1565/49 781 225), 2.49/100 000 (1004/40 322 563). The age-standardized death rates by Chinese population were 2.57/100 000, 2.43/100 000 and 2.02/100 000. Compared to the data in the first survey during 1973 to 1975, in which the crude death rate was 1.13/100 000 and age-standardized death rate by Chinese standard population was 1.10/100 000, the crude death rate and age-standardized death rate by Chinese standard population were increased by 176.99% and 115.45% respectively. While compared with the second survey during 1990 to 1992, that crude death rate was 1.89/100 000 and age-standardized death rate by Chinese standard population was 1.74/100 000, the rising percent of the rates were 65.61% and 36.21% respectively. The level of mortality of brain tumor has been changing with an increasing trend from the period of 1973 - 1975 to the period of 2004 - 2005. The rate in male was higher than that of female with great diversity in different areas in China.

Land Leasing and Local Public Finance in China’s Regional Development: Evidence from Prefecture-level Cities

By analysing the evolution of local governments’ roles in different periods of China’s growth in transition, this paper explores local fiscal incentives to use subsidised land and infrastructure as key instruments in regional competition for manufacturing investment since the mid 1990s. Local land development behaviour is related to China’s current land use institutions and intergovernmental arrangements. On the basis of panel data covering prefectural-level cities from 1999 to 2003, the paper empirically identifies and compares the fiscal impacts of different forms of land leasing (by negotiation versus by auction/tender). Policy implications are drawn from this analysis, for the further reform of China’s urban land system and fiscal institutions.

A research note on the history of the Chinese police

Although the modern Chinese police force was not born until the end of the nineteenth century under the influence of Western nations, various forms of law enforcement had been in existence in China's history long before the introduction of the Western modern policing. The present article provides a brief account of the historical evolution of the Chinese police, dating from the first dynasty in China (which existed more than four thousand years ago), to the most current development of the Chinese police in the People's Republic of China. The historical account allows readers to catch a glimpse of various forms of law enforcement that existed in different periods of China's history and their impact on the formation and structure of today's Chinese police.