Different Moments Of Time Research Articles

Mathematical Model of Heat Transfer in Morphological Part of Vegetation at Influence by Thermal Radiation from Surface Forest Fire Front

Numerical research results of heat transfer in layered tree trunk influenced by heat flux from forest fire are presented. The problem is solved in two-dimensional statement in Cartesian system of co-ordinates. The typical range of influence parameters of heat flux from forest fire is considered. Temperature distributions in different moments of time are obtained. Condition of tree damage by forest fire influence is under consideration in this research.

Scenario Modeling of Thermal Influence from Forest Fire Front on a Coniferous Tree Trunk

Scenario research results of heat transfer and tissue damage in three-layered tree trunk influenced by heat flux from forest fire are presented. The problem is solved in two-dimensional statement in polar coordinates. The typical range of influence parameters (heat flux from forest fire front, trunk radius, coniferous species, air temperature, duration of exposure and distance from fire line) is considered. Temperature distributions in different moments of time are obtained. Condition of tree damage by forest fire influence is under consideration in this research. Information summarized using tables with scenario and fire consequences results.

Spatial Mathematical Model of Heat Transfer in Human Skin Influenced by Heated up to High Temperatures Particle

Numerical research results of heat transfer in system “air-heated particle-skin layer” presented. Skin was influenced by heated up to high temperatures particle. The problem is solved in tree-dimensional statement in Cartesian system of coordinates. The typical range of influence parameters of heated particle considered. Temperature distributions in different moments of time obtained. Condition of burn occurrence by heated particle is under consideration in this research.

Mathematical Model of Heat Transfer in Layered Structure of Human Skin Influenced by Heated up to High Temperatures Particle

Numerical research results of heat transfer in layered system “air-heated particle-skin layer” presented. Skin structure includes epidermis, derma and hypodermis layers. Skin was influenced by heated up to high temperatures particle. The problem is solved in simple one-dimensional statement in Cartesian system of coordinates. The typical range of influence parameters of heated particle considered. Temperature distributions in different moments of time obtained. Condition of burn occurrence by heated particle is under consideration in this work.

Mathematical Modeling of Thermal Influence from Forest Fire Front on a Coniferous Tree Trunk

Numerical research results of heat transfer in layered tree trunk influenced by heat flux from forest fire presented. The problem solved in two-dimensional statement in Cartesian system of co-ordinates. The typical range of influence parameters of heat flux from forest fire considered. Temperature distributions in different moments of time obtained. Condition of tree damage by forest fire influence is under consideration in this research.

Crossing industrial boundaries at the pharma-nutrition interface in probiotics: A life cycle perspective

The aim of this paper is to advance the research on innovation at the pharma-nutrition interface by analysing the three steps of science, technology and market convergence in the area of probiotics using a life cycle perspective. Results from a bibliometric analysis drawing upon 8245 scientific publications, 2082 patents and 1357 news reports focussing on product launch announcements from 1990 up to 2009 indicate that the proposed curve shapes of the life cycles in the theory based framework can be transferred to the case of probiotics. There is a time shift considering the life cycles showing the same activities of the industrial sectors at different moments of time. The food sector dominates the field of probiotics by driving science, technology and market convergence showing earlier activities in scientific publications, patents as well as product launches, while presenting a higher clockspeed between the different life cycle phases. While the food sector dominates product launches for food products containing probiotics, the pharmaceutical sector dominates the product launches of the supplement market. In addition, a clear trend towards industry convergence can be identified by the growing number of cross-industry activities.

Electromagnetic Response of Layered Dielectric Structures to Pulsed Acoustical Action

The process of elastic wave propagation in the inhomogeneous sample with the known stress-strength properties is numerically modeled. The stress intensity distribution over the sample having a defect is calculated for different moments of time. The calculated stress intensities are compared with the experimentally measured parameters of electromagnetic signals arising in the model layered system under mechanoelectrical transformations accompanying the acoustic pulse propagation. The influence of the layered structure on the amplitude of the electromagnetic response is demonstrated experimentally for a serpentinite rock sample under deterministic action of the acoustic pulse.

A new Cenomanian vertebrate tracksite at Tamajón (Guadalajara, Spain): Palaeoichnology and palaeoenvironmental implications

A new Upper Cretaceous vertebrate tracksite has been discovered at Tamajón (Iberian Ranges, Guadalajara, Spain). The track level is a relatively smooth and slightly undulating sandy ferruginous crust, corresponding to an erosive surface at the base of a small meandering channel. It is incised into the underlying planar cross-bedded sandstones of coastal bars located at the middle-upper part of the Utrillas Formation (middle-upper Cenomanian). The site shows an extraordinary concentration of vertebrate tracks, among which numerous sets of two to five isolated digit impressions (“swim tracks”) and, at least, two trackways referred to crocodyliforms, and a single tridactyl footprint probably produced by a theropod dinosaur can be recognized. There are also several long traces (epichnial grooves) revealing sharp direction changes (up to 90°) which seem to be fish fin traces (Undichna unisulca), although crocodyliforms (tail marks) and/or fish invertebrates cannot be rejected as possible tracemakers. Some crocodyliform tracks reveal a thin raised rim, due to the displacement of the sediment by the pressure produced by the feet. Several impressions are moderately deformed by small sediment slides, only preserving their deepest part (claw marks). This is clearly indicative of a soft substrate with a high degree of plasticity and water content at the time of the track registration. Nevertheless, the sediment was hard enough to preserve manus and pes print morphologies and also possible crocodyliform tail and/or fish fin traces. Small rhizoliths can also be recognized and may belong to herbaceous wetland vegetation. The morphology of the palaeochannel, the sedimentary context and the track preservation seem to indicate that the tracks were impressed in a shallow channel located near the coast, under wet conditions and in different moments of time. This discovery represents the first occurrence of vertebrate ichnites in the Utrillas Formation, a stratigraphic unit where osteological and ichnological remains are relatively scarce, and it confirms that some crocodyliforms lived in near coast channels during the deposition of this unit.

Automatic Change Analysis in Satellite Images Using Binary Descriptors and Lloyd–Max Quantization

In this letter, we present a novel technique for unsupervised change analysis that leads to a method of ranking the changes that occur between two satellite images acquired at different moments of time. The proposed change analysis is based on binary descriptors and uses the Hamming distance as a similarity metric. In order to render a completely unsupervised solution, the obtained distances are further classified using vector quantization methods (i.e., Lloyd's algorithm for optimal quantization). The ultimate goal in the change analysis chain is to build change intensity maps that provide an overview of the severeness of changes in the area under analysis. In addition, the proposed analysis technique can be easily adapted for change detection by selecting only two levels for quantization. This discriminative method (i.e., between changed/unchanged zones) is compared with other previously developed techniques that use principal component analysis or Bayes theory as starting points for their analysis. The experiments are carried on Landsat images at a 30-m spatial resolution, covering an area of approximately 59×51 km <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> over the surroundings of Bucharest, Romania, and containing multispectral information.

Numerical research of heated up to high temperatures particle influence on human skin

Numerical research results of heated to high temperatures particle influence on human skin are presented. The problem is solved in two-dimensional statement in Cartesian system of coordinates. The typical range of influence parameters of heated particle is considered. Temperature distributionы in different moments of time are obtained.

Development of analytical models of optimizing an enterprise’s logistics information system supplies

The creation of an efficient enterprise’s logistics information system requires a set of mathematical decision support models. The existing inventory models that are used in warehouse logistics have low adequacy with the real logistics processes.The research examines the reasons for the low efficiency of the basic warehouse logistics models and analyzes their development. When determining the form of the total cost function in the EOQ model, the costs of delivery and storage related to different moments of time were not taking into account. Failure to fulfill this requirement is one of the main factors affecting the adequacy of the mathematical inventory models, which are based on the EOQ model.The developed mathematical models, representing the refined Wilson’s model, allow to justify the consignment delivery using several vehicles. The conditions for applying the model to the order cost, depending on the consignment size were determined. The algorithm for determining the optimal number of vehicles for the consignment delivery was developed.Using the developed mathematical models will allow making the best decisions in warehouse logistics. The findings to the EOQ model development can be used for other inventory models that will create an effective information logistics system.

Time-dependent stresses in a beam under a load moving along its surface

We studied the time-dependent processes in a beam under the action of the load that is normal to its surface and moves with the constant velocity. It was found that the maximum stresses are realized in the fixed beam section at different moments of time depending on the travel speed of external load. With increasing the load movement velocity, the maximum stresses in the region of beam clamping are reduced, while the levels of local normal and shear stresses in the limits of its action increase more significantly approaching to the limiting values in accordance to the known experimental fact that at high rates the beam failure is caused by shear stresses.

The tube axis and entanglements in polymer melts

Although the tube theory is very popular and successful, the tube concept remains evasive and ill defined. This paper proposes a simple computer algorithm to construct the tube axis as a center line of the cloud of chain configurations at different moments of time. We test this algorithm on trajectories generated from simulations of concatenated well entangled ring polymers, thus avoiding all disentanglement processes. We find that entanglements are clearly manifested through the curvature of the tube axis, and we can successfully identify binary and ternary entanglements in molecular dynamics simulations. Several quantitative characteristics of entanglements are reported and discussed.

The Livres-Souvenirs of Colette: Genre and the Telling of Time

Freadman, Anne. The of Colette: Genre and the Telling of Time. (Research Monographs in French Studies, 33.) Oxford: Legenda, 2012.The paradox and the oxymoron are figures central to Colette's writing: they convey her lively disregard for established dichotomies, and they are inseparable from the humour as well as the lyricism of her style. A paradox lies, too, at the heart of one important strand of her literary project, for although she is a writer whose own is extensively recounted to her readers, she persistently warns against any assumption that this constitutes straightforward autobiography (Imaginez-vous, a me lire, que je fais mon portrait? Patience! C'est seulement mon modele (epigraph to La Naissance du jour). Anne Freadman captures splendidly Colette's distinctive ways of representing time and her own course, pointing out the inventive, skilfully crafted nature of her life-writing and its modernity: although Colette is not normally classed as a modemist, her experimentation with genre coincides with modernism's assault on nineteenth-century literary forms, and also takes on the material realities of modem publishing by perfecting the short form for literary columns, then connecting these creatively in book form. Using the interesting structure of afive-part sequence modelled on the sonata (Exposition, first subject, bridge, second subject, with the analysis of that meditation on life-writing itself, La Naissance du jour, forming the recapitulation), Freadman traces Colette's different uses of genre in the books she broadly categorises as Livres-Souvenirs. Beginning with Colette's separation from her Claudine alter ego, notably in Miroir (in Les Vrilles de la vigne), she then reads Mes apprentissages as the closest Colette comes to a memoir, with its portrait of personal experience within a social context. But this account of her early life and times is also the beginning of a move away from as narrative, towards recounted as a collection of moments, fragments, anecdotes, stories - souvenirs, in the senses of both memory and keepsake. In the main Livres-Souvenirs {La Maison de Claudine, Sido, L'Etoile Vesper, Le Fanal bleu, and La Naissance du jour), Freadman characterises Colette as a collector more than as the narrator of her own linear story, and her written memories thus take the form of a bouquet, an album, or (one might add) in visual terms the nicely chosen collection of glass paperweights on the book's cover, each containing some fragment of the 'real' world: a flower, a scrap of material or tapestry, what look like tiny shells, each also reflecting the light of their surroundings when the photograph was taken, and thus fusing different moments of time. …

Detection of Fraudulent Transactions Through a Generalized Mixed Linear Models

The detection of bank frauds is a topic which many financial sector companies have invested time and resources into. However, finding patterns in the methodologies used to commit fraud in banks is a job that primarily involves intimate knowledge of customer behavior, with the idea of isolating those transactions which do not correspond to what the client usually does. Thus, the solutions proposed in literature tend to focus on identifying outliersor groups, but fail to analyse each client or forecast fraud. This paper evaluates the implementation of a generalized linear model to detect fraud. With this model, unlike conventional methods, we consider the heterogeneity of customers. We not only generate a global model, but also a model for each customer which describes the behavior of each one according to their transactional history and previously detected fraudulent transactions. In particular, a mixed logistic model is used to estimate the probability that a transactionis fraudulent, using information that has been taken by the banking systems in different moments of time.

A speckle-interferometric device for studying the cell biological activity

A modernized device intended for diagnosing the temperature-dependent activity of cells is described. The activity of cells was determined by finding the correlation coefficient of optical signals in speckle patterns recorded at different moments of time. It is shown that, as the temperature increases from 26 to 36°C, variations in the optical paths in cells increase from 16 to 26 nm. This is probably associated with the physiological activity of cells—trapping of large molecules or their conglomerates. In contrast to the previous variant of the device design, instead of a lipid membrane, a cell monolayer was used, which was cultivated on a plane-parallel glass plate. In order to reduce variations in the optical path lengths in a nutrient solution, a 1.7-mm-thick plane-parallel glass plate was additionally inserted into the cuvette. The modernization of the device also includes heating of the cuvette with hot air flows.

Laser detection of elastic waves diffraction by the crack’s edge

Diffraction effects and features of acoustic wave propagation in elastic media with the surface-breaking microcrack were investigated in detail for the pulse probing signals. The crack’s plane was oriented along the direction of longitudinal ultrasonic wave incidence in such a way that the detection of the crack with such an unfavorable spatial location was difficult by means of traditional acoustic techniques. Using laser Doppler interferometer a set of instantaneous pictures of acoustic field on the specimen’s surface, corresponding to the different moments of time was obtained. This allowed us to investigate and visualize the diffraction effects of acoustic field in dynamics. Using numerical modeling of diffraction processes of acoustic waves on the crack’s edge and top for pulse signals the origin of V-like structures on the snapshots of acoustic fields was explained and analyzed.

Complexity and dynamics of host–fungal interactions

Pathologies attributable to fungal infections represent a growing concern in both developed and developing countries. Initially discovered as opportunistic pathogens of immunocompromised hosts, fungi such as Candida albicans are now being placed at the centre of a more complex and dynamic picture in which the outcome of an infection is the result of an intricate network of molecular interactions between the fungus, the host and the commensal microflora co-inhabiting various host niches, and especially the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The complexity of the host-fungal interaction begins with the numerous pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) present on the fungal cell wall that are recognized by multiple pathogen-recognition receptors (PRRs), expressed by several types of host cells. PAMP-PRR interactions elicit a variety of intracellular signalling pathways leading to a wide array of immune responses, some of which promote fungal clearance while others contribute to pathogenesis. The picture is further complicated by the fact that numerous commensal bacteria normally co-inhabiting the host's GI tract produce molecules that either directly modulate the survival and virulence of commensal fungi such as C. albicans or indirectly modulate the host's antifungal immune responses. On top of this complexity, this host-microbiome-fungal interaction exhibits features of a dynamic system, in which the same fungi can easily switch between different morphological forms presenting different PAMPs at different moments of time. Furthermore, fungal pathogens can rapidly accumulate genomic alterations that further modify their recognition by the immune system, their virulence and their resistance to antifungal compounds. Thus, based on available molecular data alone, it is currently difficult to construct a coherent model able to explain the balance between commensalism and virulence and to predict the outcome of a fungal infection. Here, we review current advances in our understanding of this complex and dynamic system and propose new avenues of investigation to assemble a more complete picture of the host-fungal interaction, integrating microbiological and immunological data under the lens of systems biology and evolutionary genomics.

Wetland Assessment and Monitoring Using Image Processing Techniques: A Case Study of Ranchi, India

Wetlands, the transitional zones that occupy an intermediate position between dry land and open water, regulate the flow of water and nutrients, thereby facilitating optimum functioning of the physical and biological cycles of nature. To conserve and manage wetland resources, it is important to invent and monitor wetlands and their adjacent uplands. Wetlands are most productive ecosystems besides being a rich repository of biodiversity and are known to play a significant role in carbon sequestration. Wetlands are halfway world between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem and share properties of both. Wetlands exhibit enormous diversity according to their genesis, geographical location, water regime, chemistry, dominant plants and soil or sediment characteristic. Wetland vegetation provides a natural barrier to fast moving water and therefore aids in flood speed reduction. Remote sensing offers a cost effective means for identifying and monitoring wetlands over a large area and at different moments of time. The present paper describes the methodology and results of wetland area for the Ranchi city of the Jharkhand state for the year 1996-2004.The signatures of wetlands and associated land features are identified in unsupervised classification approach based on their DN value using Satellite data. There are drastic change in between 1996 and 2004. The spatial distributions of the NDVI values were evaluated to determine the cut-off points for the water bodies, and wetted area.

Study of bone remodeling of two models of femoral cementless stems by means of DEXA and finite elements

BackgroundA hip replacement with a cemented or cementless femoral stem produces an effect on the bone called adaptive remodelling, attributable to mechanical and biological factors. All of the cementless prostheses designs try to achieve an optimal load transfer in order to avoid stress-shielding, which produces an osteopenia.Long-term densitometric studies taken after implanting ABG-I and ABG-II stems confirm that the changes made to the design and alloy of the ABG-II stem help produce less proximal atrophy of the femur. The simulation with FE allowed us to study the biomechanical behaviour of two stems. The aim of this study was, if possible, to correlate the biological and mechanical findings.MethodsBoth models with prostheses ABG-I and II have been simulated in five different moments of time which coincide with the DEXA measurements: postoperative, 6 months, 1, 3 and 5 years, in addition to the healthy femur as the initial reference. For the complete comparative analysis of both stems, all of the possible combinations of bone mass (group I and group II of pacients in two controlled studies for ABG-I and II stems, respectively), prosthetic geometry (ABG-I and ABG-II) and stem material (Wrought Titanium or TMZF) were simulated.Results and DiscussionIn both groups of bone mass an increase of stress in the area of the cancellous bone is produced, which coincides with the end of the HA coating, as a consequence of the bottleneck effect which is produced in the transmission of loads, and corresponds to Gruen zones 2 and 6, where no osteopenia can be seen in contrast to zones 1 and 7.ConclusionsIn this study it is shown that the ABG-II stem is more effective than the ABG-I given that it generates higher tensional values on the bone, due to which proximal bone atrophy diminishes. This biomechanical behaviour with an improved transmission of loads confirmed by means of FE simulation corresponds to the biological findings obtained with Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA).