Different Means Of Communication Research Articles

Freedom and Truth in Public Sphere, and the Contest of Fake News

It aims to address the freedom of speech issue from a Kantian point of view, based on the concepts about public use of reason and thinking for oneself, the required conditions for publicity and its relation to fair, as opposed to the unfair and the lie. Moreover, this study addresses the problem of factual truth within the political sphere linked to the use of lies in the different means of communication, and how the fake news reveal themselves as dangerous to the current democratic states, it has, regarding this point, as the main theoretical framework Hannah Arendt's teachings.

Gender and its Stories

The following work deals with several issues concerning gender. Firstly, it examines several anthropologic and historical dynamics concerning the establishment and legitimacy of male power, in opposition to the subordination of everything that concerns the female domain and the existence of women. In detail, it focuses on learning processes and the enhancement of the bipartition of gender in the family, in school and in different means of communication. The birth of gender studies will be described as an original field of study in various areas of human knowledge and how this has allowed for the diffusion of social and cultural awareness based on objective data. Lastly, we will consider the reasons that have led to the birth of gender theories on behalf of fundamentalist American and European groups, who then launched an international campaign: the religious and ideological suppositions, methods, strategies and aims of these campaigns against the presumed dominion of gender theory will be described. Future developments of these movements will be outlined, together with their strategies.

Attitudes and Perceived Communicative Competence: The Impact of Different AAC Means of Communication among Italian Teenagers

ABSTRACT People interact with individuals who use Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) based on personal attitudes and perceived communicative competence. The purpose of this study is to investigate how different means of communication, such as an iPad-based Speech Generating Device (SGD), a communication board, and natural speech influence the attitudes towards and the perceived communicative competence of a teenager with a disability among Italian teenagers. The inclusion of natural speech as a means of communication aims to further study the nature of the interaction among teenagers and their peers with disabilities in a school setting. We used the CATCH questionnaire to measure attitudes, and the communicative competence questionnaire to assess the perceived communicative competence. The results of this study show that both gender and the type of media used have an impact on the attitudes and on perceived communicative competence.

Aggressive communication in aquatic environments

Abstract Aggressive interactions are ubiquitous among animals. They are either directed towards heterospecifics, like predators or competitors, or conspecifics. During intraspecific encounters, aggression often serves to establish hierarchies within the social group. Thus, in order to understand the mechanisms mediating social organization, it is important to comprehend the escalation and avoidance of aggressive behaviour. Overt aggressive interactions are costly not only in terms of increased risk of injury or death, but also due to opportunity costs and energy expenditure. In order to reduce these costs, animals are expected to communicate their strength and aggressive motivation prior to fights. For this purpose, they use different means of communication in various sensory modalities, that is visual, acoustic, chemical, mechanosensory and electric cues. These different modalities can convey different or similar information, underlining the importance of understanding the multimodal communication of aggression. Thus far, most studies on signalling during aggressive encounters have focussed on visual or acoustic cues, most likely as these are the two modalities predominantly used by humans. However, depending on the species’ ecology, visual or acoustic cues might play a minor role for many species. Especially in aquatic systems, visual communication is often hampered due to high levels of turbidity or limited light conditions. Here, alternative modalities such as chemical, mechanical or electrical cues are expected to play a prominent role. In this review, I provide an overview of different modalities used during aggressive communication in aquatic organisms. I highlight the importance of studying the role of multimodal communication during aggressive encounters in general and discuss the importance of understanding aquatic communication in the light of conservation and animal welfare issues.

Dressing for freedom and justice

Clothing communicates our attitudes and positions in the world, particularly when a dress is used as a vehicle for protest. This article has two goals. First, it analyses the history of protest dress of Black American resistance movements. Second, it scrutinizes the public perception of these movements by reviewing white media images of Black bodies participating in the resistance. The media shapes our world as well as public perceptions. It is linked to social change, thus, investigating various media images allows us to explore the cultural systems in which we live and the complexity of different means of communication and human interactions. Two theoretical frameworks have driven the research process. Social semiotics was employed to explain meaning-making as a social process and critical race theory to investigate the ways in which racialized bodies are perceived in white media. The latter was chosen because of its usefulness for examining society’s categorizations of race, law, power and culture. Through the lens of these two theoretical frameworks, it becomes evident that the dress of Black American protestors has historically communicated various discourses at the same time.

Freedom of the Press in the Rafael Correa' Thought

The purpose of this article is to summarize Rafael Correa’s thoughts towardsthe freedom of the press. It analizes twenty interviews that were made by differentmeans of communication. Beggining with the main topic some othertopics are chosen; Mr. Correa’s arguments are presented and the reaction ofthe journalists and reporters towards his point of view is shown. The articlepoints that the great media has become a political actor that has turned informationinto a commodity. In order to guarantee the freedom of the press,it posed that mass media companies should be public and supervised civilsociety. It proposes the creation of new laws to guarantee the independence,plurality, and democracy of the media.

Teenagers Perception toward Language Use in Public Place Advertisement

This study aimed to investigate the teenagers’ perception towards language use in advertisement. Advertisement is the best way to communicate to the customers. Advertisement helps informs the customers about the brands available in the market and the variety of products useful to them. Advertisement is for everybody including kids, young and old. It is done using various media types, with different techniques and methods most suited. Advertisements are of great importance for any business activity as it attracts people to use the particular service. Most of the businessmen are using various different means of communication to reach people around the world and turn them into leads that can be further turned into potent customers. Visual content and design in advertising have a very great impact on the consumer, but it is language that helps people to identify a product and remember it. The research is done by means of descriptive qualitative method supported by questionnaire in data collection procedures. The results show that the perceptions of teenagers towards advertisements are the language used is simple and easy to remember and advertisements functions as reminder.

The Case of “Rosa”: AEDP in the Realm of Cultural Diversity—One's New Language as a Vehicle for Exploring New Aspects of Identity

Vigoda Gonzalez’s (2018) case study provides an excellent illustration of how AEDP leads to deep and effective treatment for a client with attachment trauma, leading not only to significant symptom reduction but also to profound change for the better. In this review, I provide additional observations and analysis of AEDP as reflected in this case, both in terms of specific interventions and the phenomenology of transformation. From the practice of multiculturalism in psychotherapy, I also highlight Vigoda Gonzalez’s bi-linguistic ability and bi-cultural background as facilitative for the therapy process. I examine the various factors that play into the impact of ethnicity/language-matching, and suggest that the lack of such matching is by no means an automatic hindrance for the therapy process. Similarly a client's choosing to speak in a language not native to them in therapy can be a vehicle for the exploration of new experiences, and new aspects of self. It is my belief that what is most important is for the culturally sensitive therapist to actively explore different means of communication within and beyond the boundaries of language, thus staying closely attuned to the client’s emotional experiences.

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF ALTERNATIVE COMMUNICATION WITH CHILDREN WITH SENSORY DISORDERS AND MULTIPLE DISABILITIES

The article is focused on the communication with children with special educational needs. The main topic is alternative communication with children with sensory disorders and multiple disabilities. It explores the phenomenon of communication, citing current definitions developed by a number of authors, which place the emphasis on different aspects of this complex and multilayered process, with a special focus on alternative communication with the groups of special needs children mentioned in the title.The issue is investigated from a special pedagogical and from a social perspective.The author is especially interested in the exploration of the multiple strata of communication (the universal, functional and specific levels). Apart from the different forms, contents, methods and means of communication (the last of which is most commonly discussed in Bulgaria), the article is focused primarily on the important methodological issues related to this topic.One of these basic questions of methodology is the attempt not to place at the center of this process its bi-directional nature, its algorithm or code (sign language, Braille writing system, etc.), but instead to focus on the personalities of those involved in the interaction, their initiative, relationship and goals manifested in different communication situations (mutual influence, emancipation and therapy). Particular emphasis is given to therapy, i.e. the way of influencing the communication behavior of children with sensory disorders and multiple disabilities. It is not viewed as a unilateral process (stimulus-response), but as an interactive one, based on mutual influence. The relationship between the communicators is of utmost significance.Communication is characterized by a number of specific features. Those can mostly be found in the specificity of the communication situations (for example the interactive situations in the following pairs of communicators: deaf – hard of hearing; deaf – deaf; deaf-blind – deaf, etc.), in the presence of an intermediary (for example a sign language interpreter) and above all in the personalities of the communicators. They change the quality of communication. It is for this reason, and not just because of the different means of communication, that this interaction is defined as “alternative”, or more precisely, it is an alternative to the communication of children without disabilities.Based on the analyzed information, the author formulates a number of inferences and recommendations. The main conclusion is the following:When discussing alternative communication with children with special educational needs, the focus should shift from the specific means of communication towards the equally socially important quality of the complex process of communication, which is centered on the personality of the handicapped child.

Perspectivas e possibilidades de abordagem das mediações no trabalho investigativo: questões envolvendo o rural e o rádio

A cultura, situada no trabalho desenvolvido por Jesús MartínBarbero, ocupa um lugar destacado para se observar relações estabelecidas com distintos meios de comunicação. Considerando essa compreensão, busca-se avançar em discussões a respeito de como, a partir do olhar que é mobilizado desde a cultura, diferentes processos de mediação podem ser investigados. De modo mais detido, a apresentação de questões que envolvam a pesquisa com públicos em comunidades rurais em suas relações e construções de trajetórias com o meio radiofônico. Nesse sentido, a apresentação e reflexão dos processos envolvidos na investigação da perspectiva em que o rural se apresenta como uma mediação articuladora entre as demais mediações envolvidas em um processo comunicacional de natureza radiofônica.

Propuesta de una nueva definición de vulnerabilidad ante fenómenos naturales construida con soporte de análisis cualitativo

El artículo presenta una propuesta de definición para el concepto de vulnerabilidad basada en limitantes de acceso a la información preventiva que se publica desde los sistemas de prevención del riesgo de desastres. Estas limitantes se han propuesto desde cuatro puntos de vista que abarcan diversos aspectos políticos, académicos, económicos y físicos que en conjunto pueden ocasionar que la sociedad expuesta a uno o varios fenómenos naturales vea incrementada su vulnerabilidad por no tener garantizado el acceso a las alertas difundidas por diferentes medios de comunicación. La nueva definición se construyó revisando la literatura existente asociada y realizando un análisis cualitativo apoyado en el software Nvivo utilizando herramientas como matrices de codificación y análisis de conglomerados. Se pudo establecer cuáles son las relaciones más fuertes que existen entre las restricciones planteadas y cómo corresponden a las propuestas de algunos autores a la vez que se establece si el enfoque del presente estudio ya ha sido utilizado previamente.

Análise das atitudes sociais e motivacionais dos estudantes após capacitação em saúde auditiva

RESUMO Introdução Possibilitar o acesso à informação com diferentes meios de comunicação é fundamental e desafiador, pois diversas barreiras de comunicação estão presentes, como a linguagem do emissor, a forma de apresentação da informação, o material utilizado e a dificuldade de acesso, disponibilidade de tempo, motivação e, principalmente, o interesse. Programas educativos de prevenção e promoção da saúde auditiva são primordiais, proporcionando mudança de atitudes e melhora na qualidade de vida. Objetivo Verificar a motivação e as atitudes sociais dos estudantes após participarem de um programa educacional de capacitação em saúde auditiva. Métodos Participaram 38 estudantes da rede pública de ensino, distribuídos da seguinte forma: Escola A (13 alunos), Escola B (cinco alunos), Escola C (11 alunos) e Escola D (nove alunos). Responderam à Escala Lickert de Atitudes Sociais em Relação à Inclusão (ELASI) e à Ficha de Pesquisa Motivacional, antes e após o programa. O delineamento do estudo foi exploratório. Resultados Na ELASI houve diferença significativa para todas as escolas, nas situações antes e após o programa educacional. Quando comparadas as escolas entre si, houve diferença apenas na escola B. Estes resultados demonstraram atitudes favoráveis dos estudantes ao programa de capacitação e, consequentemente, uma possível melhora dos comportamentos relacionados à inclusão nas escolas. Com relação ao aspecto motivacional, foi constatado que 100% dos alunos avaliaram positivamente o programa de capacitação, considerando como “curso impressionante!”. Conclusão As atitudes sociais e motivacionais no programa educacional de capacitação na temática da saúde auditiva, utilizando a Teleducação Interativa, foram favoráveis, revelando tendência à inclusão social.

Extracellular Vesicles, Tunneling Nanotubes, and Cellular Interplay: Synergies and Missing Links

The process of intercellular communication seems to have been a highly conserved evolutionary process. Higher eukaryotes use several means of intercellular communication to address both the changing physiological demands of the body and to fight against diseases. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in understanding how cell-derived nanovesicles, known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), can function as normal paracrine mediators of intercellular communication, but can also elicit disease progression and may be used for innovative therapies. Over the last decade, a large body of evidence has accumulated to show that cells use cytoplasmic extensions comprising open-ended channels called tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) to connect cells at a long distance and facilitate the exchange of cytoplasmic material. TNTs are a different means of communication to classical gap junctions or cell fusions; since they are characterized by long distance bridging that transfers cytoplasmic organelles and intracellular vesicles between cells and represent the process of heteroplasmy. The role of EVs in cell communication is relatively well-understood, but how TNTs fit into this process is just emerging. The aim of this review is to describe the relationship between TNTs and EVs, and to discuss the synergies between these two crucial processes in the context of normal cellular cross-talk, physiological roles, modulation of immune responses, development of diseases, and their combinatory effects in tissue repair. At the present time this review appears to be the first summary of the implications of the overlapping roles of TNTs and EVs. We believe that a better appreciation of these parallel processes will improve our understanding on how these nanoscale conduits can be utilized as novel tools for targeted therapies.

Una aproximación a la imagen del Sur en las revistas de Acción contra el Hambre y Oxfam Intermón

Las ONGD de Desarrollo (ONGD) emplean la comunicación para transmitir su misión y para sensibilizar e involucrar al Norte en la resolución de los problemas del Sur. Para ello, difunden una determinada imagen sobre sus habitantes. En el estudio, se examina dicha imagen en las portadas de las revistas de Acción contra el Hambre y Oxfam Intermón, empleando el modelo de Van Leeuwen (2008). Como conclusión, se observa que las portadas refuerzan la dicotomía entre un Sur necesitado de ayuda y un Norte presto a ofrecérsela, siempre con la intermediación de las ONGD.

D-Move: A sociotechnical environment to provide experience- based learning to digital natives

Digital natives grew up in the world of digital media and live in it. They have different learning styles, call for other teaching methods, and are using different means of communication in their learning processes. In this paper the D-Move learning environment is presented and evaluated. It offers digital natives an experienced-based learning environment and is perceived by the learners as superior to traditional learning based on case studies with regard to activation, satisfaction with the learning process, and satisfaction with the learning environment. At the same time D-Move is used as a research environment to better understand disruptive innovations in the world of digital. The underlying assumption is that a better understanding of already existing differences between digital natives and their parent generation will bring insights into future large scale transformation processes. The main two components of D-Move are a module to support Delphi studies with online and offline components as well as a module to capture, annotate and structure real world experiences to support the Delphi contributions.

Expression and Perception of Needs in Severe Dementia

Significant loss of speech often restricts people with advanced dementia in their ability to properly articulate their needs and wishes verbally. Therefore, providing care oriented to the needs of people affected is challenging for caregivers. This case study analyzed the needs of a nursing home resident with severe dementia at the end of life. A variety of different means of communication could be identified for expressing needs and wishes in daily personal care. Caregivers are ableto provide care focused on the individual needs given the prerequisite that they have the ability to recognize and interpret residents’ expressive behavior. This requires communication training and palliative care training specified for caregivers in contact with persons with severe dementia.

Representational Inconsistency: Presentation of Self and Explanations of Washington Activity in Campaign Mail and Franked Mail

Studies of representation have focused primarily on the correlation between legislators’ voting records and their constituents’ preferences; however, accountability inevitably includes representatives’ explanations of their legislative actions. Unlike previous research that has examined consistency within a single form of communication, this study systematically examines legislators’ consistency in the explanations they give across different means of communication. Contrary to arguments that members of Congress do not vary their explanations or presentational styles, we find that incumbents present themselves to constituents differently through different methods of communication. Using the 2006 Campaign Communication Survey, a random survey of registered voters in Ohio and Pennsylvania who were asked to send in all campaign mail received during three weeks in 2006, we compare the content of campaign mail and franked mail incumbents send to constituents. Even though the mediums of communication are similar and the timing of franked mail suggests its use as a campaign tool, we find incumbents use these different tools to present themselves to their constituents in different ways. As such, we argue that fully understanding a member of Congress's representational style requires an examination of a wide range of congressional activities.

Multimedia quality transmission evaluation over wireless networks: a survey

In recent years, usage of multimedia applications has increased dramatically, especially after the evolution of 3G and 4G technologies. Moreover, the development of new user devices, such as laptops, Smartphone, etc. increased very steeply and rapidly, to support different types of services and different means of communication satisfying user's needs. Here, the challenge is how to make those services available to users with a high quality; we speak here about quality of service (QoS) and quality of experience. In this survey, we examine different characteristics of wireless networks to determine the enhancements introduced by each technology. Particularly, we focus on the benefits and limitations of three main technologies which are WiMAX, UMTS and LTE, and the role of each one in increasing QoS satisfaction for multimedia application. A comparison is also done between researches already published in Multimedia quality evaluation over wireless networks topic, taking into account some considerations, such QoS parameters, used simulator, assessed applications, etc. All those help us to extract the strengths and limitations of those researches.

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The communication industry is ever evolving with new media of communicating between people and these various media have made it impossible to determine the best means of communication. This work in its entirety aims at reducing the stress and vigour that sometimes accompany some of the different means of communication. The email has proven to be one of the most used means of online communication. However, a major drawback of email communication is that for a mailbox to be accessed, it requires an active and working internet connection which is often times expensive and cannot be afforded continuously by an average individual. This work was created to eliminate such factor when it comes to using the email as a means of communication by assisting the e-mail account owner to forward his newly received mail by SMS to the user’s mobile phone with or without internet access on the mobile device.

El perfil del periodista jurídico actual en España

This article discusses the results obtained from a series of interviews in the form of questionnaires sent to professionals in the legal information, which belong to different means of communication, both for press and media, in order to obtain a profile of the current legal journalist in Spain. With the application of content analysis to the interview is intended to create this profile through a series of features, such as age, studies, postgraduate studies, specialty and experience.