Different Levels Of Study Research Articles

The attitudes of undergraduate Information Management students to seminars: a qualitative and a quantitative analysis

Student attitudes to seminars over time are examined. It is argued that lecturers regularly use seminars as a delivery method to support lectures, but know little about what students actually think of this approach. It is concluded that students value seminars despite their inherent complexity and that their attitudes are similar at different levels of study. It is suggested firstly, that lecturers need to pay greater attention to their design, the role of discussion within them and the group processes students engage in, and secondly, that they need better training.

Cultivating a moral sense of nursing through model emulation.

This paper reports part of a longitudinal research project, which sought to capture students' conceptualization of caring practice as they progressed to different levels of study in a nursing diploma programme in Hong Kong. Model emulation was found to be an effective means of focusing students' learning processes on the moral aspects of nursing practice. The theory of model emulation from a Chinese perspective and how it is applied to create a learning context to allow students to acquire a moral sense of nursing are discussed. The participating students are invited to be sincere enquirers in the pursuit of the good embedded in practice through introspective self-examination and dialogue. They are asked to describe and share their experience of positive and negative examples of nursing in written accounts. Van Kaam's phenomenological method was adopted to explicate the good and bad constituents of nursing from these examples, with the students assuming an active role in the explication process. The explication reveals that the students were able to articulate the good and bad practices in a variety of patient care situations.

Using a Peer Resource Learning Model in Planning Education

A studio-based approach to planning education provides opportunities for employing a peer resource model whereby students facilitate each other's learning. This paper describes the experience of coordinating undergraduate studio classes from different levels of study as students worked on a series of related projects. The authors suggest that a peer resource model of education empowers students with confidence in their own experience and growing expertise. Peer resource learning demonstrates the potential of collaborative initiatives while providing a model of the professional work environment.

Pharmacologic therapeutic window of pramiracetam demonstrated in behavior, EEG, and single neuron firing rates.

Following oral or intravenous administration, a representative cognition activator drug, pramiracetam sulfate, is shown to have a pharmacologic therapeutic window at three different levels of study: learned behavior, gross EEG activity of the frontal cortex and hippocampus, and firing rate of single hippocampal neurons.

A Study of Attitudes Toward Negative Administrative Stereotypes

This research sought to ascertain the extent to which graduate students in educational administration hold negative attitudes toward school administrators. In a cross-sectional, pretest-posttest design, the Negative Administrative Stereotypes Questionnaire was administered to students in beginning, intermediate, and advanced courses in educational administration. Attitudinal differences between students at different levels of study were found, Although ail groups tended to reject the stereotypes, the advanced and intermediate groups were significantly more intense in their rejection than were the beginners. The major attitudinal change occurred in the beginning group; the attitudes of students in the other groups remained relatively stable.

The `Alternative Route'—Social Change and Opportunity in Technical Education

Two views about the amount of opportunity available through technical education are contrasted. In popular discussions the system figures as an `alternative route' to middle class occupations. In sociological literature, however, it is dismissed as a significant source of opportunity. A review is presented of important but neglected changes in the organization of courses and the recruitment of young men to them. It is shown that both class and educational differentials do reduce the proportion of places on advanced and full time courses which are available for early leavers and for boys of working class origin. On the other hand an analysis of long run trends in terms of (i) the participation of each social class in technical education, (ii) transition rates between different levels of study, (iii) the link between qualification and occupational rewards, suggests that attempts to discount technical colleges as a source of opportunity may be premature. It is concluded that any discussion of the effect of increasing educational opportunity upon social mobility entails the examination of the institutional mechanisms through which individuals are prepared and trained for occupational roles.