Different Levels Of Nitrogen Fertilization Research Articles

Effect of Crop Protection Intensity and Nitrogen Fertilisation on the Quality Parameters of Spelt Wheat Grain cv. ‘Rokosz’ Grown in South-Eastern Poland

Spelt wheat is one of the oldest wheats cultivated by humans. It is characterised by high nutritional values and is sought after by consumers. Additionally, it does not have high habitat and fertilisation requirements and is resistant to diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilisation and the intensification of fungicide protection on the grain quality characteristics of spelt cv. ‘Rokosz’ grown under south-eastern Polish conditions. The present research showed that the intensification of fungicide crop protection and increasing the nitrogen dose from 70 to 130 kg ha−1 had a positive effect on the quality features of spelt grains. The highest protein, gluten and starch contents were found after four fungicide treatments. These parameters increased their values under the influence of fungicides. After the application of 130 kg ha−1, spelt wheat grain had the most favourable chemical composition, containing the most protein, gluten, soluble dietary fibre, insoluble dietary fibre and fat. It also had a positive effect on the Zeleny sedimentation index and the amino acid content of the grain. Due to the favourable response of the spelt cv. ‘Rokosz’ to intensified fungicide protection and nitrogen fertilisation, it should be recommended for cultivation in integrated technology.

Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk Nitrogen terhadap Produktifitas Hidroponik Fodder Jagung (Zea Mays)

This research is intended to identify the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on fresh production., dry material production (DM ), organic mater production ( OM ) crude pretein (CP) fodder mayze (zea mays). This research was carried out in the field lab of animal science departemen, Faculty of health and science, University Nusamara PGRI Kediri. research design in this study use a complete random design 4 treatment with 5 replicated. Treatment use concentration nitrogen fertilizer (T0 = 0 ml / l) ,( T1 =0.8 ml / l ), (T2 =1.6 ml / l ), (T3 =2.4 ml / l ). Studies show that different levels of nitrogen fertilizer can affacted to DM production (p < 0.01 ), OM production (p < 0.01 ) and CP production (p < 0.01) maize fodder (zea mays ).The conclusion of this study is that the use of different doses of nitrogen fertilizer has an effect on the production aspect of maize fodder (Zea mays )

Calibration and validation of the AquaCrop model for forage cactus production systems under different management interventions in the semi-arid region of Brazil

Simulation models are useful tools for estimating plant response and contributing to the development of management strategies and yield predictions in crops. This study aimed to calibrate and evaluate the AquaCrop-FAO model for the forage cactus imposed on different cropping systems in the semi-arid region of Brazil. Four experiments were conducted: cactus-sorghum intercropping system with five spacings between plants (0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40 and 0.50 m); cactus-sorghum intercropping system with five spacings between rows (1.00, 1.25, 1.50 and 1.75 m); single cactus with four levels of mulch (0, 5, 10 and 15 Mg ha−1); and single forage cactus with four levels of nitrogen fertilisation (50, 150, 300 and 450 kg of N ha−1). The performance of the model was evaluated using the following parameters: root mean squared error (RMSE); normalised RMSE (NRMSE), coefficients of determination (R2), Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (ME) and the Willmott index of agreement (d). During the calibration stage, the statistical indices pointed to the good performance of the AquaCrop model in estimating dry biomass in most of the cropping systems, with 10 < NRMSE <20; R2 > 0.96 and ME > 0.95. The AquaCrop model showed the best performance simulating systems under different levels of nitrogen fertilisation. Among the intercropping systems, the denser arrangements showed the highest values for simulated biomass.

Carbon and nitrogen metabolisms in rice growing with different levels of nitrogen fertilization under alkaline soil

Carbon and nitrogen metabolisms in rice growing with different levels of nitrogen fertilization under alkaline soil

Tillage, crop residue management and nitrogen application impacts on soil properties under maize–wheat (Zea mays–Triticum aestivum) cropping system

Tillage intensity, crop residue retention and nitrogen application can significantly impact the soil properties and crop productivity. We studied the effect of tillage (deep tillage [DT] vs. shallow tillage [ST]) in main plots and residue management viz. conventional tillage without residue (CT-R), conventional tillage with residue (CT+R), minimum tillage without residue (MT-R) and minimum tillage with residue (MT+R) in sub plots and fertilizer-N at 75, 100 and 125% N (viz. N75, N100 and N125) in sub-sub plots. Field treatments were established in maize-wheat (Zea mays-Triticum aestivum) cropping system during 2016-2019 at two different locations in north-western India and were arranged in split-split plot design. The soil penetration resistance was significantly lower under deep tillage (3.4 to 3.7%) as compared to shallow tillage. CT+R recorded lowest penetration resistance as compared to other tillage and residue combinations but other soil properties like OC, available NPK, soil aggregation, infiltration rate did not differ significantly. The addition of crop residue both under minimum and conventional tillage significantly increased the soil microorganism count and dehydrogenase enzyme activity at both locations. CT-R recorded lowest microorganism count and dehydrogenase enzyme activity. The available soil nitrogen, microorganism count and dehydrogenase enzyme activity significantly increased with increasing nitrogen doses at both locations and were highest under 125% N level as compared to 75% and 100% levels. In both crops, the grain yield was not significantly affected by tillage and crop residue combinations while the different levels of nitrogen fertilizer significantly affected the grain yield. From soil health and sustainability point of view, CT+R treatment with 100% recommended dose of nitrogen in maize-wheat crop rotation seemed beneficial.

Growth analysis of kikuyo grass Cenchrus clandestinus (Hochst. ex Chiov.) Morrone fertilized with different levels of nitrogen

Contextualization: Forage production response is determined by factors inherent to the ecotype and external environmental and management conditions. The high variation of factors influencing forage growth implies the need to establish responses based on the biological development regarding the accumulated temperature. Knowledge gap: The growth response of Cenchrus Clandestinus expressed in heating degree days (HDDs) when fertilized with different doses of N is unknown to establish grazing times at peak biomass accumulation accurately. Purpose: To determine the growth dynamics of kikuyu grass with different levels of nitrogen fertilization. Methodology: A control treatment without application of any source of N (T0) was evaluated, a dosage of 100 kg. N ha.-1 (T1) and a dosage of 150 kg. N ha.-1 (T2). The fertilization plan was programmed for 42-day defoliation with a residual height of 10cm. Subsequently, the growth of kikuyu grass was evaluated with a seven-day frequency based on the analysis of dry matter, chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, number of leaves, height, leaf area, and dry matter of leaves and stems. Growth rates were calculated from the dry matter of the forage: Absolute Growth Rate (AGR), Relative Growth Rate (RGR), Net Assimilation Rate (NAR), Specific Leaf Area (SLA), Leaf Area Ratio (LAR), and Leaf Area Index (LAI). Analysis of repeated measures was carried out to determine the effect per sampling point (HDDs) in a completely randomized arrangement. Results and conclusions: With the application of 150 kg. N ha.-1 and defoliation at 208.5 Grade Days Cumulative (GDC), plants showed higher growth rate, leaf tissue production, increased leaf expansion and greater height (p&lt;0.05).

Exploring Biochar with N-Fertilizer Effects on Soil CO2 Emissions and Physical-Chemical Properties as a Climate Change Mitigation Tool

Abstract The global agriculture industry is facing never before faced issues in the form of soil degradation, water scarcity, rising greenhouse gas emissions, and climate change. Among the possible remedies, applying biochar to the soil has drawn interest as a viable strategy. Although a great deal of literature has been written about the benefits and drawbacks of applying biochar initially, there is still a significant amount of research on the effects of using biochar repeatedly. This study seeks to address this gap by examining the varied effects of both the initial application (at rates of 0 t.ha−1, 10 t.ha−1, and 20 t.ha−1) and the reapplication of biochar (at rates of 0, 10, and 20 t.ha−1), especially when combined with different levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 108, and 162 kg.ha−1). The investigation focuses on soil properties and CO2 emissions from Haplic Luvisol in the temperate climate zone (Slovakia). The results showed that biochar generally improved soil properties, such as soil pH (KCl) (p &lt;0.05), shifting it from acidic towards moderately acidic, and generally led to a decrease in ammonium (NH4 +) and nitrate (NO3 -) content. The second level of fertilization, combined with different biochar treatments, yielded the most efficient results in physical properties such as soil temperature, bulk density (BD), and soil water content (SWC) compared to control treatments without biochar. Biochar application contributed to the reduction of both average daily CO2 emissions and cumulative CO2 emissions during the study period (April – October) in 2022 compared to the control without biochar application.

Assessing light and quality indicators of fodder at different levels of nitrogen fertilizer based on additive intercropping of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and vetch (Vicilia ervilia) under dryland farming

The intercropping system leads to increasing radiation use efficiency and quality indicators and improving the stability in the production of fodder plants. Intercropping and reducing the use of chemical fertilizers are the most effective methods to achieve sustainable agriculture goals. To investigate light and quality indicators of fodder obtained from barley and vetch additive intercropping at different levels of nitrogen fertilizer, a split plot experiment was performed with a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and 4 replications in two experimental fields in Sisab and Shirvan, North Khorasan Province, Iran, during 2017&amp;ndash;2018. The factor included nitrogen fertilizer at three levels (zero, 50 and 100 Kg.ha&amp;minus;1 (N0, N1 and N2)) and the subfactor included the combination of crops at four levels (barley pure cropping (I1), 15% vetch +100% barley (I2), 30% vetch +100% barley (I3) and 45% vetch + 100% barley (I4) additive intercropping). The results showed the highest fodder dry weight, absorbed radiation, radiation use efficiency, light extinction coefficient, ground cover percentage and leaf area index (LAI) in I3 and N2 in Sisab, and the lowest in I1 and N0 in Shirvan. Also, the highest crude protein (CP) was obtained from I4 and N2 in Shirvan, and the lowest crude protein was obtained from I1 and N0 in Sisab, which was inconsistent with neutral detergent fiber (NDF). The study results showed that increasing the percentage of vetch by 30% in intercropping and using nitrogen fertilizer led to increases in the indicators measured in the experiment.

Agronomic Characteristics of Red Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Red) under Different Level of Nitrogen Fertilization and Harvest Ages

This experiment aimed to find out the morphological characteristics and biomass DM production of Red Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Red) under different levels of nitrogen fertilization and harvest ages. The grass stem cuttings were planted on polybags. A Completely Randomized Factorial Design (CRFD) was employed comprising 2 treatment factors. The first factor was harvest age of K1: 50 days of age K2: 60 days of age and K3: 70 days of age and the second factor was level of N fertilization comprised P1: no fertilization, P2: 100 kg N /ha/year, P3: 200 kg N/ha/year, P4: 300 kg N/ha/year. The treatments were applied after the grasses were trimmed at 90 days after planting. The variables measured include plant height, number of tillers, leaves-to-stem ratio, and biomass production. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and least significant difference test. It was found that interaction of treatments significantly (P&lt;0.01) affects plant height and biomass DM production. Treatments of age of harvest and level of N fertilization, respectively significantly (P&lt;0.01) affect either number of tillers or leaves-to-stem ratio. It was concluded that K3 and P3 gave the highest value for all variables measured.

Foliar applications of a zeolite-based biostimulant affect soil enzyme activity and N uptake in maize and wheat under different levels of nitrogen fertilization

There is a growing interest in developing agricultural practices that can improve crop performance while preserving natural resources. Plant biostimulants are thought to play a role in reaching this goal, in particular by increasing the nitrogen use efficiency. However, a notable research gap exists concerning the effects of foliar applications of natural zeolites as plant biostimulants on crop performance. To address this knowledge gap, a greenhouse experiment was set up in order to study the response of maize and wheat traits, specifically the biomass productivity and nitrogen uptake, as well as the response of soil extracellular enzymes to the foliar applications of a natural zeolite in combination with different levels of nitrogen fertilization, that is, 100%, 75%, and 50% of the optimal dose. Foliar application of zeolite in wheat and maize plants led to an increase in root nitrogen concentration of about 10%, particularly at the lowest nitrogen fertilization rate. This response was accompanied by an increase in aboveground to belowground uptake nitrogen ratio. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction of about 20% in root biomass in both crops with zeolite application across the entire nitrogen fertilization gradient. These plant-level responses were associated with a significant increase in the activity of carbon-degrading and nitrogen-degrading enzymes at the soil level in response to zeolite applications. Our findings provide a compelling proof-of-concept for the beneficial effects of foliar-applied zeolite as a biostimulant for crops, emphasizing the critical need for additional field research to validate our greenhouse results.

التنمية المستدامة بين الرؤية النظرية و التطبيق الواقعي

التنمية المستدامة بين الرؤية النظرية و التطبيق الواقعي

Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilizer on The Growth of Hybrid Sorghum Sudan Grass

A pot experiment was conducted at Experimental area, Agronomy Department PMAS- University of Arid Agriculture Rawalpindi to see the effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and physiological traits of Sorghum Sudan Grass during March, 2022. Completely randomized designed was applied along with three replications. Seeds of Sorghum Sudan grass were collected from NARC Islamabad. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied in pots on 30th March, 2022, according to the treatments. Nitrogen played a significant role in the growth and physiology of Sorghum Sudan Grass. Nitrogen @ 150 kgha-1 is the best among other four treatments and attained the highest plant heights in three times (21.355, 65. 153 and 100.620 cm) respectively. However, results of nitrogen @ 200kgha-1 are approximately statistically at par with NPK. Nitrogen @ 150 kgha-1 gained the highest position in two times data (0.7050 and 1.4250) respectively. Nitrogen @ 200 kgha-1 gained less value than nitrogen @150kgha-1 might be excessive dose. Nitrogen nutrition played a key role in the enhancement of leaf area values; however nitrogen @150kgha-1nutrition had the top position (1.140 and 1.950) during two times respectively. Leaf area index data had statistically significant results but among the nutrition treatments nitrogen @150kgha-1nutrition is the best option attaining the highest values (91.475 and 152.550) respectively in two times. Nitrogen fertilizer at different levels had statistically significant effect on crop growth rate of sorghum plants; however nitrogen @150kgha-1nutrition treatment attained the highest value (0.5333) which was statically at par @200kgha-1nutrition treatment. Nitrogen @150kgha-1nutrition treatment had the top position (4061.9) but other three doses of nitrogen values having minute difference with nitrogen @150kgha-1 and higher than control. Four doses of nitrogen fertilizer produced more net assimilation rates than control and nitrogen @150kgha-1gained the highest value (45.653) which was statistically at par with nitrogen @200kgha-1(43.521).Nitrogen fertilizer is an inorganic fertilizer provides the nutrition the plant fastly and provides better performance at nitrogen @150kgha-1. Nitrogen @200kgha-1 showed better performance than control but less than nitrogen @150kgha-1, therefore this finding improves the economics of the study.

Comparative Compositions of Grain of Bread Wheat, Emmer and Spelt Grown with Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilisation.

Five cultivars of bread wheat and spelt and three of emmer were grown in replicate randomised field trials on two sites for two years with 100 and 200 kg nitrogen fertiliser per hectare, reflecting low input and intensive farming systems. Wholemeal flours were analysed for components that are suggested to contribute to a healthy diet. The ranges of all components overlapped between the three cereal types, reflecting the effects of both genotype and environment. Nevertheless, statistically significant differences in the contents of some components were observed. Notably, emmer and spelt had higher contents of protein, iron, zinc, magnesium, choline and glycine betaine, but also of asparagine (the precursor of acrylamide) and raffinose. By contrast, bread wheat had higher contents of the two major types of fibre, arabinoxylan (AX) and β-glucan, than emmer and a higher AX content than spelt. Although such differences in composition may be suggested to result in effects on metabolic parameters and health when studied in isolation, the final effects will depend on the quantity consumed and the composition of the overall diet.

Impacts of Varying Nitrogen Levels on Leaf length of Onion Varieties under Poplar Based Agroforestry System

Agroforestry systems play a vital role in increasing the production of the crops that help to improve the financial status of the farmer. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (Factorial) with three replications and 12 treatments with and without a combination of three onion varieties and different levels of nitrogen fertilizer. The experiment consisted of twelve treatments, viz. V1 + N 0 kg, V1 + N 40 kg, V1 + N 80 kg, V1 + N 120 kg, V2 + N 0 kg, V2 + N 40 kg, V2 + N 80 kg, V2 + N 120 kg, V3 + N 0 kg, V3 + N 40 kg, V3 + N 80 kg, and V3 + N 120 kg. The results revealed that leaf length was found superior at a 120 kg N/h fertilizer level (V1 + N 120 kg) in the onion variety Nasik Red. The onion variety Nasik Red was determined to be the best variety, and 120 kg N ha -1 was determined to be the optimum dose for achieving maximum onion leaf length in a poplar-based agroforestry system.

Comparison of PROSAIL Model Inversion Methods for Estimating Leaf Chlorophyll Content and LAI Using UAV Imagery for Hemp Phenotyping

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing was used to estimate the leaf area index (LAI) and leaf chlorophyll content (LCC) of two hemp cultivars during two growing seasons under four nitrogen fertilisation levels. The hemp traits were estimated by the inversion of the PROSAIL model from UAV multispectral images. The look-up table (LUT) and hybrid regression inversion methods were compared. The hybrid methods performed better than LUT methods, both for LAI and LCC, and the best accuracies were achieved by random forest for the LAI (0.75 m2 m−2 of RMSE) and by Gaussian process regression for the LCC (9.69 µg cm−2 of RMSE). High-throughput phenotyping was carried out by applying a generalised additive model to the time series of traits estimated by the PROSAIL model. Through this approach, significant differences in LAI and LCC dynamics were observed between the two hemp cultivars and between different levels of nitrogen fertilisation.

Nutritional and Polyphenolic Composition of Agrimonia procera Wallr. from Experimental Cultivation with Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization.

Plants of the genus Agrimonia, including fragrant agrimony Agrimonia procera Wallr., mainly used as pharmaceutical raw material, perfectly fit into the current trends in nutrition and food technology that are searching for organic raw materials with high contents of bioactive compounds, such as dietary polyphenols and fiber. The aim of the research was to determine the nutritional and polyphenolic composition of fragrant agrimony Agrimonia procera Wallr. from experimental cultivation with varying levels of nitrogen fertilization in the nitrate, ammonium, or amide forms. In the experimental cultivation of fragrant agrimony in a seeding medium with a moderately high level of mineral content, the aerial parts, especially the leaves, were characterized by contents protein, dietary fiber, fat, and polyphenols at levels of 11.5, 58.0, 3.0, and 10.5% of dry matter, respectively, and an energy value of about 260 kcal/100 g of dry matter. The effect of additional nitrogen fertilization, in the form of ammonium nitrate and urea, on the content and yield of nutrients and polyphenol in fragrant agrimony depends both on the dose and the form of nitrogen, as well as the morphological part, of the plant.

Using the SCOPE model for potato growth, productivity and yield monitoring under different levels of nitrogen fertilization

Most applications of remote sensing in agricultural crop monitoring use multispectral imaging techniques, but with upcoming hyperspectral missions, the opportunity arises to better estimate pigment absorption and crop structure by exploiting the full solar reflective spectrum. In this study, we demonstrate how hyperspectral time series can be used with the Soil Canopy Observation of Photochemistry and Energy fluxes (SCOPE) model to estimate crop yield variability among fields, crop varieties and nitrogen treatments generically, i.e. without a calibration with in situ , data. Field experiments were conducted in two potato fields in the Netherlands between May and September 2019. The fields were planted with five varieties of potato, under three nitrogen fertilization treatments. By fitting the model to the full VNIR-SWIR spectrum of measured hyperspectral reflectance, we retrieved the model input parameters of Leaf Area Index (LAI), leaf chlorophyll content (Cab) and leaf water content (Cw) and simulated the photosynthesis throughout the season using data of local Automatic Weather Stations (AWS). Statistical analysis of measured and retrieved traits of LAI, Cab and canopy water content showed that two fields responded differently to the treatments, exhibiting fewer classes than were expected based on the experimental design. Potato yield, which was estimated as the sum of photosynthesis flux multiplied by the harvest index of 0.64, correlated with the measured tuber dry weight with R 2 0.36 and RMSE 2.5 t ha −1 . This study demonstrates that even in the absence of crop or variety specific information, hyperspectral reflectance and local weather data ingested into SCOPE can explain a substantial part of the observed variability in yield among fields. • Time series of hyperspectral canopy reflectance were recorded in two potato fields. • The variation in traits was created by nitrogen fertilization treatments. • SCOPE model retrieved plant traits contained information about treatments. • SCOPE-simulated accumulated photosynthesis correlated with the final dry yield. • SCOPE model is more generic than dimensionality reduction methods.

Intercropping of Faba Bean with Wheat Under Different Nitrogen Levels Reduces Faba Bean Rust and Consequent Yield Loss.

While intercropping can help control faba bean rust, the ability of intercropping to reduce this disease under different levels of nitrogen fertilization and its contribution to increasing yield is not clear. In this study, two planting patterns of faba bean monocropping and wheat/faba bean intercropping, together with two treatments for disease control and noncontrol, and four nitrogen application levels (N0 [0 kg/ha], N1 [45 kg/ha], N2 [90 kg/ha], and N3 [135 kg/ha]) were tested for 2 years in a continuous field experiment. The results revealed that nitrogen application increased the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) of faba bean rust from 41.9 to 47.3%, with the N3 treatment resulting in the largest increase. Nitrogen application decreased the relative control efficacy of intercropping on faba bean rust. Compared with monocropping, N0 to N3 with intercropping significantly reduced AUDPC by 33.1% for the first year and 28.7% for the second year (P < 0.05). Nitrogen application aggravated the faba beans grain yield loss, while the loss of yield components increased in the first year and then declined as the nitrogen application increased; the yield losses of monocropping were higher than those of intercropping. The N1 and N2 application levels significantly increased the total effect (TE) of intercropping yield advantage by 34.3 and 32.9% in the 2 years, respectively. During the 2 years, the overall partial land equivalent ratio of faba bean was greater than 0.33. The average disease control effect (DCE)/TE of intercropping was 56.1 and 49.3% for the 2 years, respectively, indicating that intercropping increased yields and that the contribution of the DCE was close to or higher than that of the other intercropping effects. A regression analysis of the grain yield loss and the AUDPC showed that reducing the nitrogen fertilizer input (N1) could effectively reduce the yield loss caused by rust and enhance the yield. Intercropping of faba bean combined with a suitable nitrogen application (45 kg/ha) is the best treatment to maximize yield by fully utilizing intercropping for managing faba bean rust.

Response of Corn at Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Cultivation Distances

Study the response of the corn crop / Bohooth 106 cultivar, at different levels of nitrogen fertilizer (NF) and cultivation distances (CD). were tested under three levels of nitrogen fertilizer NF of 200, 250 and 300 kgN.ha-1, and two levels CD of 15 and CD of 20 cm The split -split plot arrangement in RCBD with three replications was used. The results showed that the NF of 300 kgN.ha-1 was significantly superior to the other two levels of NF of 200 and 250 kgN.ha-1 in all studied conditions. Soil characteristics(SBD and TSP), plant and root parameters (RL, RDFW and PDFW) and yield and plant growth parameters (PVI, PH, LA and GY). The CD of 20 cm was meaningfully best than of CD of 15 cm in all studied conditions.

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization and Spraying with Prepared Calcium Humate-Fulvate and Fungicide on Tomato Yield (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)

A field experiment was conducted in Al-Zubair area, southern of Iraq, In loamy sand soil to investigate the effect of three different levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 200, 400 Kg N ha-1) and spraying with prepared calcium humate – fulvate,(0.0, 0.4, 0. 8 %) and the fungicide Scor (0, 0.5, 1 ml L-1) on the yield of tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) during the growing season 2020-2021. The results of the study showed a significant effect of treatments, and the triple interaction treatment of 400 kg N ha + pesticide at a concentration of 1 ml L-1 + calcium humate - fulvate, at a concentration of 0.4% recorded the highest concentration in leaves of 55.00 gm kg-1 of dry matter, and the triple interaction treatment of 200 kg nitrogen ha-1 + fungicide 0.5 ml L-1 + calcium humate - fulvate 0.4% was the best in reducing the severity of infection on the leaves as it scored 7.22%, while the triple interaction treatment gave 200 kg nitrogen ha-1 + fungicide 1 ml L-1+ calcium humate-fulvate at 0.8% the highest amounted to 67.39 tons ha-1.