Different Levels Of Methionine Research Articles

Reevaluation of Methionine Requirement Based on Performance and Immune Responses in Broiler Breeder Hens

This experiment was conducted to study methionine requirements in broiler breeder hens aged from 26-35 weeks. The treatments were consisted of six levels of methionine (0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4 and 0.45%), with five replicates of eight birds (Seven hens and one rooster). The results showed that different levels of methionine had no significant (p>0.05) effects on egg weight, unsettable (double yolk, small size) and settable eggs. The methionine levels significantly (p 0.05), but total titer against sheep red blood cell (SRBC) and IgG responses were influenced (p<0.05). Using of two-slope quadratic broken-line analysis indicated that methionine requirements for egg mass (g/h/d), feed conversion ratio, settable eggs, SRBC and IgG were 446, 450, 494, 580 and 492 (mg/d), respectively. In conclusion, methionine requirement for settable eggs was similar to those needed for the optimum immune responses. Since, settable eggs are an important factor in broiler breeder industries, so the authors recommend 494 mg/d methionine for broiler breeder hens. This amount is higher than those needed for egg mass and feed conversion ratio.

Weight Gain and Haematolgical Profile of Broiler Chicks Fed a Maize-Soyabean Diet Supplemented with Different Levels of Methionine, Sodium Sulphate and Sodium Sulphite

2 Abstract: An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of substituting synthetic methionine with sodium sulphate and sodium sulphite in maize-soyabea n diets fed to broiler chicks on weight and haematological profile. Two hundred and forty (240) unsexed Hubbard day old broiler chicks were fed iso- caloric and iso-nitrogenou s maize-soyabean diets (3,000 cal/kg and 22% crude protein) for four weeks. There were eight treatment groups, T1-T8, each replicated three times. T1 had no methionine, T2 had 3% methionine, T3 had 3% sodium sulphate, T4 had 3% sodium sulphite, T5 had 1.5% methionine and 1.5% sodium sulphate, T6 had 1.5% methionine and 1.5% sodium sulphate T7 had 1.5% methionine and 1.5% sodium sulphite while T8 had 1.5% methionine and 1% sodium sulphite. Chicks in T6 had the highest average weekly weight gain of 106.58 g while birds in T8 had the lowest average weekly weight gain (79.94 g). The average weekly weight gain of birds in T1, T2 and T5 did not differ significantly (p>0.05) from one another. Likewise the average weekly weight gain of birds in T1, T2, T3 T4 and T5 did not differ significantly (p>0.05) from one another. The average weekly weight gain of chicks in T7 and T8 which had the lowest weight gains, also did not differ significantly (p>0.05). All haematological parameters evaluated fell within safe precincts as stipulated in literature. Treatment 6 is therefore recommended for broiler starter rations alongside T2 and T5 because they did not differ significantly (p>0.05) from one another.

Dietary amino acids fed in free form or as protein do differently affect amino acid absorption in a rat everted sac model

In the present study, the effect of free amino acid (FAA) diets on the intestinal absorption rate of methionine and leucine was studied 'ex vivo' with rats adapted for different periods of time to the diets, using the everted sac method. The adaptation period to the 21% FAA diet with an amino acid content based on casein was either, 0 (no adaptation, N-ADA), 5 (short-term adaptation, ST-ADA), or 26-33 days (long-term adaptation, LT-ADA). Within the ST-ADA and the LT-ADA groups, three different levels of methionine were included: 50%, 100% and 200% of the level normally present in casein. All diets were iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric. After the adaptation period (0, 5, or 26-33 days), intestinal everted sacs were prepared. Methionine or leucine was added to the medium as transport substrate. The methionine absorption rate of the rats of the LT-ADA groups was higher than that of the N-ADA groups. Furthermore, adaptation to 200% dietary methionine levels caused a significantly slower leucine absorption compared to the 100%, and 50% group. Methionine absorption was similar in the 100% and 200% groups, but the absorption of methionine in the 50% group was enhanced in the distal part of the intestines. We concluded that in response diets with 21% FAAs as only amino acid source, amino acid absorption is decreased to avoid toxic effects of high levels of methionine in the circulation.

Desempenho de frangos com diferentes pesos iniciais alimentados com ração pré-inicial suplementada com metionina

in this study the effect of starter chick weight at hatch and the level of dietary methionine supplementation of diets were evaluated. a total of 1,984 males chicks (agross) with two initial weights (40 and 45 g) were used. these birds were fed a pre starter diets supplemented with different levels of methionine (0,455 %; 0,507 %; 0,559 % e 0,611 %). all the diets had the same amount of metabolizable energy and crude protein. the birds were randomly distributed in a factorial design (two body weights and four levels of methionine). four replicate and 62 birds per replicate were used. these results showed that the interaction between initial weight and methionine levels was not statistically significant. The methionine levels did not affect the performance and the carcass yield of the birds at 47 days. chicks with the initial different weight were similar at 47 days and the supplementation of the methionine in pre starter diets did not affect the performance of the birds. KEY-WORDS: carcass yield, feed intake, feed-to-gain ratio, wieght gain.

Growth, Carcass Quality and Serum Constituents of Slow Growing Chicks as Affected by Betaine Addition to Diets Containing 2. Different Levels of Methionine

Growth, Carcass Quality and Serum Constituents of Slow Growing Chicks as Affected by Betaine Addition to Diets Containing 2. Different Levels of Methionine

Weight Gain Of Broiler Chicks Fed A Maize-Soya bean Diet Supplemented With Different Levels Of Methionine, Sodium Sulphate And Sodium Sulphite

An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of substituting synthetic methionine with sodium sulphate and sodium sulphite in a maize-soyabean diet fed to broiler chicks. Two hundred and forty (240) unsexed Hubbard day old broiler chicks were fed iso-caloric and iso-trogenous maize-soyabean diets(3,000kcal/kg and 22% crude protein) for four weeks. There were eight treatment groups, T1-T8, each replicated three times. T1 had no methionine,T2(the control treatment)had 3% methionine,T3 had 3% sodium sulphate,T4 had 3% sodium sulphite,T5 had 1.5% methionine and 1.5% sodium sulphate,T6 had 1.5% methionine and 1% sodium sulphate,T7 had 1.5% methionine and 1.5% sodium sulphite while T8 had 1.5% methionine and 1% sodium sulphite. Chicks in T6 had the highest average weekly weight gain of 106.58g while birds in T8 had the lowest average weekly weight gain(79.94g).The average weekly weight gain of birds in T1, T2 and T5 did not differ significantly(P>0.05) from one another. Likewise, the average weekly weight gain of birds in T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 did not differ significantly (P>0.05) from one another. The average weekly weight gain of birds in T2, T5 and T6 also did not differ significantly (P.>0.05).The average weekly weight gain of chicks in T7 and T8 which had the lowest weight gains, also did not differ significantly (P>0.05). Treatment 6 is therefore recommended for broiler starter rations alongside T2 T5 because they did not differ significantly (P>0.05) from one another. Key words: methionine, sodium sulphate, sodium sulphite, and amino acids Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences Vol.2(1) 2004: 84-88

Effects of different levels of methionine and ruminally undegradable protein on the amino acid profile of effluent from continuous culture fermenters.

Eight dual-flow continuous culture fermenters were used to study the effects of feeding different levels of methionine and ruminally undegradable protein (RUP) on the amino acid (AA) profile of protein residue after microbial fermentation. Four isocaloric (1.76 Mcal/kg of NE(l)) and isonitrogenous (17.7% CP) diets were formulated based on NRC recommendations for a 630-kg cow producing 42 kg/d of milk. Two dietary treatments, diets HmLr (high methionine, low RUP) and HmHr (high methionine, high RUP), were formulated to meet, but not exceed, more than 140% of each estimated individual AA requirement for milk production. Diets LmLr (low methionine, low RUP) and LmHr (low methionine, high RUP) were formulated to meet the estimated individual AA requirement except for methionine. Diets HmLr and LmLr contained 35% RUP, and diets HmHr and LmHr contained 43% RUP. Digestion of DM, OM, and NDF was not affected (P>.05) by treatments. Tyrosine, cystine, and threonine ranked as the most resistant AA to microbial fermentation, whereas methionine and lysine ranked among the most degradable. In general, microbial degradation of individual AA followed the same pattern as CP degradation, being higher in diets HmLr and LmLr and lower in diets HmHr and LmHr. Because true microbial digestion of methionine, cystine, tyrosine, and isoleucine was reduced in the presence of high levels of methionine, we concluded that supplementation of dietary methionine could increase flows of these amino acids to the duodenum.

Differential Accumulation and Tissue Distribution of Mosquito Hexamerins During Metamorphosis

The pupal hexamerins were characterized for two mosquitoes representative of the culicine and anopheline families, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae. Like higher Diptera, both mosquito species express two types of hexamerins, Hex-1 and Hex-2, whose subunits are distinguished by different levels of methionine and aromatic amino acids. In A. aegypti there are two heterohexamers, AaHex-1 and AaHex-2. In A. gambiae there are two homohexamers, AgHex-1.1 and AgHex-1.2, and one heterohexamer, AgHex-2. These hexamerins are rich in aromatic residues, with 18–23% Phe+Tyr for Hex-1 subunits and 13–17% Phe+Tyr for Hex-2 subunits. In addition, both mosquito species synthesize methionine-rich Hex-1 subunits: Aedes AaHex-1 γ (8% met) and Anopheles AgHex-1.1 (3.9% met). Aedes Hex-1 and Hex-2 proteins exhibit different, stage-specific tissue distributions: AaHex-2 is the primary hexamerin of late larval hemolymph whereas AaHex-1 is the most important non-hemolymph protein of early pupae. Although both proteins are stored in the pupal fat body, peak AaHex-1 levels are 2-fold higher. Both pupal protein levels decline rapidly between 25 and 36 h after pupation. Furthermore, AaHex-1 not only reaches peak values in female Aedes pupae later than in males, but the methionine-rich AaHex-1 γ subunit level is specifically higher in females. These observations suggest different roles for Hex-1 and Hex-2 during mosquito development.

Research Note: Influence of Fermacto® on the Performance of Laying Hens when Fed Diets with Different Levels of Methionine

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect on laying hens of adding Fermacto®2 at a level of 454 g/909 kg diet to diets containing various levels of supplemental methionine. The addition of Fermacto® to the basal diet resulted in increased (P≤.05) production, egg mass, and feed intake while improving feed efficiency. A significant (P≤.05) main effect for supplemental Fermacto® over all levels of added methionine was found for egg production and feed efficiency.

Research Note: Performance of Turkey Poults When Fed Two Levels of Methionine With and Without Ipronidazole

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of adding ipronidazole to the diet of turkey poults containing two different levels of methionine. A corn-soybean meal diet with 0 or .18% supplemental methionine was fed to Nicholas Large White poults from 1 to 21 days of age. The addition of .18% supplemental methionine significantly improved body weight and feed efficiency. The addition of ipronidazole to the diet with either level of methionine did not influence body weight, feed efficiency, or grams of sulfur amino acid required to produce a gram of weight.

Methionine, cystine and choline requirements of the growing pig

In addition to acting as a source of the amino acid itself, methionine can act as a source of methyl groups. The requirement for sulphur amino acids is therefore influenced by the inclusion level of alternative methyl donors in the diet e.g. choline. An initial experiment was designed to ensure an adequate supply of choline so that in subsequent studies the need for methionine per se could be established. Blood metabolites were used to study the requirements. Three diets with different levels of methionine plus cystine (3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 g/kg) were formulated and randomly assigned to 36 pigs. To a basal diet, containing 660 mg/kg choline, choline chloride was added producing diets with choline levels of 660, 860, 1060, 1260, 1460 and 1660 mg/kg. The pigs were randomly allocated three levels of choline, each for a period of three days; this ensured that each treatment was repeated six times. Blood samples were taken by jugular venepuncture 4 hours after feeding at the end of each 3 day period and repeated at 3 liveweights (35, 55 and 75 kg). Blood parameters (urea and plasma amino acids) were used to measure the response.

Methionine Metabolism in Rainbow Trout Fed Diets of Differing Methionine and Cystine Content

The metabolism of methionine was studied in rainbow trout fed diets containing different levels of methionine and cystine. Growth data indicated that methionine requirement was between 0.5 and 1% dry diet in the absence of dietary cystine, but 0.5% was adequate when dietary cystine was 2%. In fish fed diets deficient in sulfurcontaining amino acids, elevated hepatic activities of glutathione reductase were found, whereas glutathione peroxidase and glutathione levels were unaffected. Plasma and liver concentrations (18 hours after feeding) of methionine and cystine were affected by dietary methionine, but dietary cystine had little effect. Cystine appeared to be converted to taurine in the liver. In fish injected intraperitoneally with [14COOH]- and [14CH3]methionine, over 24 hours the carboxyl group was oxidized more than the methyl group and more was incorporated into protein. However, much more of the methyl group was incorporated into the lipid fraction. The results suggest the operation of the transsulfuration pathway of methionine catabolism. Oxidation of methionine was related to its concentration in the tissues, and little affected by dietary cystine. A 28-day experiment on the metabolism of injected [14COOH]methionine showed that its turnover was slow, and much of the radioactivity was associated with protein.rainbow trout methionine cystine metabolism

Regulation of amino acid intake in the rat: self-selection of methionine and lysine.

A study was undertaken to measure the ability of rats to regulate amino acid intake by means of a self-selection method. Weaning rats were simultaneously offered a choice between a 10% casein diet or a 10% amino acid mixture diet lacking methionine or lysine and a 10% casein diet containing different levels of methionine or lysine over 2 weeks. Weight gain and food consumption of rats allowed a choice between the two diets were much greater than those of animals fed on the fixed diets with high levels of methionine or lysine added, and the self-selecting rats had the ability to take in amounts of methionine or lysine appropriate to meet the requirement. Methionine intakes of self-selecting rats were kept to a relatively narrow range (41--100 mg/day), but lysine intakes of self-selecting rats were wide-ranging (86--300 mg/day). It was demonstrated that methionine or lysine intake is closely regulated in rats given a choice of diets containing varied levels of methionine or lysine.

Chick Growth Response to Different Levels of Methionine and Protein Supplements Added to a Low Methionine Diet

EXPERIMENTAL feeding trials have been conducted with the addition of methionine and protein supplements to a basal ration containing ground peas and meat meal as the chief sources of protein. Past feeding experiments by Peterson et al. (1944) and Bolin et al. (1946) have shown that the addition of dl-methionine and certain protein supplements to this type of basal ration increased the growth response and protein efficiency. There was a marked difference between the different protein supplements in their ability to increase the rate of gain over that made on the basal ration. This difference in rate of gain for the different protein supplements may have been due to the amount of methionine in the protein.The objective of these feeding experiments was to set up a standard dl-methionine growth rate curve by feeding individual lots of chicks in the same feeding trials different levels of dl-methionine. The growth rate .